Textual research on vegetarian culture: ancient sages and sages are vegetarian

 素食文化研究考证：古代圣贤皆素食

Zhuge Changqing: As long as you respect your parents, eat vegetarian food, release life, do good deeds, give food, recite Buddhist names, Taoist names and Buddhist scriptures, you will have a brilliant life!

----Zhuge Changqing

Since ancient times, wise sages and practitioners have been vegetarian. Such as Plato, Socrates, Pythagoras and Ampedocles, the wise men of ancient Greece. Pythagoras is known as the father of western vegetarianism. He advocated to eliminate meat and replace it with beans and other vegetarianism.

In India, Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, strictly requires his disciples to be vegetarian. There are a lot of records about this in the Buddhist scriptures translated into Chinese. Monks or nuns in modern Chinese Buddhist monasteries still retain the tradition of vegetarianism. In addition, ancient Hinduism also prohibited eating meat. In the Vedic scripture, it is said: "Think carefully about where meat comes from, the cruel shackles and the slaughter of life, and let people abstain from eating meat" (Manusriti 5.49). So far, India is still one of the lowest meat consumption countries in the world.

In China, the ancestors of Taoism and Confucianism are vegetarians. In the early Taoist classics, there are many teachings about vegetarianism. For example, "Chuzhen Jie" records the five precepts of Laojun [Laojun is the honorific title of Laozi. - The author's note]], which says: "One should not kill animals, and the other should not eat meat or wine". In addition, in the twenty-seven precepts of Laojun in Volume 38 of "The Seven Signs of Cloud Collection", there is also a saying: "Don't eat anything with blood". There are still many pious Taoist monks who are still vegetarians. Confucius strictly required that disciples who entered the school to seek the Tao must fast [see Appendix 3: Correct the name of Confucius] before preaching.

It should be pointed out that in ancient times, people did not have strict scientific concepts for distinguishing animals from plants. If you name one by one, you may miss something. If you say not to eat pigs, then some people may eat cattle and sheep, while if you say not to eat pigs, nor cattle and sheep, then others will eat fish and birds. Therefore, the ancients sometimes referred to animal meat as "something with blood". There are similar records in many religious classics (including those in various languages). However, due to lack of understanding of the original meaning or negligence in translation, some people interpret it as "can't eat meat with blood", that is, "can't eat blood, but can eat meat", and think that "as long as the blood of animals is dried, it can...", which is obviously a misunderstanding. In fact, the blood in the meat cannot be 100% drained.

Early Christians and Jews were also vegetarians. The Bible also records clearly in some chapters: "God said, 'Look! I have given you the seeds of every kind of vegetation, which are scattered on the surface of the earth, all trees, and the fruit on them are your food!'" (Genesis 1:29). Obviously, God did not say, "Meat is also your food". In addition, in the Old Testament, there are many references to God not allowing people to eat meat, such as Genesis 9:4, Isaiah 1:11-15, 66:3, Leviticus 3:17, 17:10, 19:26, and Ezekiel 33:25. One of Jesus' great disciples, St. Paul, said in a letter to the Romans, "It is better not to eat meat" (Romans 14:21). Modern popular versions of the Bible have been approved by the government in history, and many versions of the Bible have been popular in history. Recently, historians have discovered some ancient books of the New Testament of the Bible, recording the life and speech of Jesus. In a certain passage, Jesus once said, "The flesh of wild animals that a man eats will become his own grave. I tell you the truth, the murderer will kill himself and eat the flesh of the killed animals, that is, the flesh of the dead." (Judaism Gospel of Peace). In addition, Essenes is one of the three major sects in the Palestinian area in the first century. Its Bible is the "Gospel of the Twelve Apostles" discovered in 1888, which records Jesus as a vegetarian.

The Koran, the Islamic Bible, also prohibits eating "dead animals, blood and meat..." (5:3) Mohammed's nephew, the first Islamic leader after Mohammed, once advised his disciples: "Don't make your stomach the tomb of animals." In addition, some Sufi mystics of Muslims also believe that people who pursue spiritual life should be vegetarian. Akbar, the Muslim emperor of India in the 16th century, recommended vegetarianism as a Sufi custom.

"My friends, don't let evil food contaminate your body... Only animals satisfy their appetite with meat. Not even all animals do this! Cattle, horses, sheep and so on live on grass."

Pythagoras

"The man who buys meat uses his wealth to create violence, the man who eats meat uses his desire to create violence, and the butcher binds and kills animals, so there are three forms of slaughter."

The Vedas (Mahabharata, Anu. 115:40)

"The Buddha said: Those who eat meat break the seeds of compassion."

Buddhist Nirvana Sutra

Dahui, all those who kill animals are mostly eaten by people. If people do not eat, they will not kill. That is why eating meat and killing animals are the same sin. "

Buddhist "Lenga Sutra"

"All eggs (eggs) are not edible."

Buddhism "Manifestation Sutra"

"The old gentleman said:... abstain from eating meat. Don't worry about it. It contains blood, and is supported by vitality..."

Taoist "Lao Zi Hua Hu Jing"

"A gentleman is also to animals. He can't bear to see them live, can't bear to see them die, can't hear their voices, but can't bear to eat their meat."

Mencius's "Liang Hui Wang"

"But you must not eat animal meat and blood!"

Christian Bible (Genesis 9:4)

"People can't get meat without hurting creatures. A person who hurts sentient creatures will never be blessed. So avoid meat!"

  诸葛长青:只要孝敬父母、吃素、放生、行善、施食，念诵佛号、道号、佛经，就会有辉煌的人生！

 ----诸葛长青

   自古以来，有智慧的圣贤和修行者都是素食的。如古希腊的智者柏拉图、苏格拉底、毕达哥拉斯和安培多克勒。而毕达哥拉斯被称为是西方素食主义之父，他主张杜绝肉食，代之以豆类及其它素食。
　　在印度，佛教的创始人释迦摩尼严格要求其弟子素食，对此，在翻译成中文的佛经中有大量的记述。现代中国佛教寺院中的和尚或尼姑都还保留着素食的传统。另外，古代的印度教也禁止吃肉。在吠陀经中是这样说的：“好好想想肉食是从何而来的，那残酷的脚镣和对生命的屠杀，让人们戒除吃肉吧”（Manusmriti 5.49）。至今为止，印度仍然是世界上肉食消费最低的几个国家之一。
　　在中国，道教和儒家的先哲们都是素食者。在早期的道教经典中有许多关于要素食的教导。例如，《初真戒》中记载有老君[[老君即为老子的尊称。 — 作者注]]五戒，其中说：“一者不得杀生，二者不得荤酒”。此外，在《云笈七签》卷三八中的老君二十七戒中也有：“勿食含血之物”。现在还有很多虔诚的道教出家人仍然是素食者。孔子则严格要求入门求道的弟子必须先斋戒[[参见附录三：为孔子正名。 — 作者注]]，然后才能传道。
　　需要指出的是，在古代，人们对于区别动物和植物没有严格的科学概念，如果一个个点名道姓，恐怕会有所遗漏。如果你说不要吃猪，那么有些人可能会去吃牛和羊，而如果你说，不要吃猪，也不要吃牛和羊，那么还有人会去吃鱼和鸟。所以古人有时概括地称动物的肉为“含血之物”。这在很多宗教的经典（包括各种语言的）中都有类似的记载。但是，由于不了解本意或者翻译的疏忽，有些人将其理解为“不能吃带血的肉”，即“不能吃血，而可以吃肉”，认为“只要让动物的血流干后就可以…”，这显然是一种误解。实际上，肉中的血也不可能百分之百地流干。
　　早期的基督教信徒与犹太教徒也是素食者。圣经在某些章节中还记载得很清楚：“上帝说：‘看啊！我给了你们每一种草木的种子，散布在大地的表面，所有树木，上面的果实，既是你们的食物！’”（旧约创世纪1:29）。显然，上帝没有说：“肉也是你们的食物”。另外，在圣经旧约中还多次提到上帝不让人吃肉，例如：创世纪9:4，以塞亚书1:11-15、66:3，利末记3:17、17:10、19:26，以及以西结书33:25。耶稣的伟大门徒之一，圣保罗，在写给罗马人的信中说到：“最好不要吃肉，”（新约罗马书14:21）。现代流行的圣经版本是历史上经过政府钦定的，历史上曾流行过许多圣经的版本。最近，历史学家发现了一些圣经新约的古本，记录了耶稣的生平和言论。在某章经文中记载，耶稣曾说：“人吃进的野兽肉，将会成为他自己的坟墓。我实话告诉你们，那杀人者，将杀了自己，吃被杀动物的肉，就是吃死人的肉。”（犹太教和平福音）。另外，艾赛尼教派（Essenes）是公元一世纪巴勒斯坦地区的三大教派之一，其圣经是在1888年发现的“十二门徒福音”，其中记述耶稣为素食者。
　　伊斯兰教的圣经《可兰经》也禁止吃“死的动物，血及肉 … ”（5:3）默罕默德的侄子，继默罕默德之后的第一位伊斯兰教领袖，曾劝告弟子们说：“不要使你自己的胃成为动物的坟墓。”另外，穆斯林的某些苏菲派神秘主义者也认为追求灵性生活的人应该素食。16世纪印度的穆斯林皇帝阿克巴就把素食视为一种苏菲派的习俗而加以推荐。
　　“我的朋友们，不要让罪恶的食物玷污你们的身体 … 只有畜牲才用肉来满足自己的胃口。甚至不是所有的畜牲都这样啊！牛，马，羊等都靠吃草维生。”
　　 毕达哥拉斯
　　“买肉的人用他的财富制造了暴力，吃肉的人用他的口欲制造了暴力，屠夫则捆绑杀害动物，所以有三种形式的屠杀。”
　　 吠陀经（Mahabharata, Anu. 115:40）
　　“佛说：吃肉的人断大慈悲种子”
　　佛教《涅经》
　　大慧，凡杀生者，多为人食，人若不食，亦无杀事，是故食肉与杀生同罪。”
　　佛教《楞伽经》
　　“一切卵（蛋类）不可食。”
　　佛教《显识经》
　　“老君曰： … 戒之不食肉，心当莫念，含血有形类，元气所养活 … ”
　　道教《老子化胡经》
　　“君子之于禽兽也，见其生，不忍见其死，闻其声，而不忍食其肉。”
　　孟子《梁惠王篇》
　　“但是，动物的肉与血你们不得吃！”
　　基督教圣经（旧约创世纪9:4）
　　“人无法不伤害生物而得到肉食，一个伤害有知觉生物的人，将永远得不到天佑。所以避开肉食吧！” 

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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