"Vegetarianism" is sweeping the world

  “素食风”正在席卷全球

"Keep poultry, meat, and even dairy foods out of the door", "eat as much as possible plant-based foods". When the "vegetarianism" hit, the world was moved: in China, Peking University established a vegetarian association; In the United States, people take "vegetarianism" as a symbol of their quality of life. 55% of Americans will order all-vegetarian dishes when dining out; Dr. Colin Campbell, the world's leading nutritionist and the tenured professor of Cornell University, known as "Einstein in the world's nutrition", also talked about his "vegetarian sutra" in an exclusive interview with the reporter of Life Times in Beijing recently. How much has vegetarian food changed people's lives? Will China's traditional eating habits be overturned under the influence of this "trend"?

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Vegetarianism changes American families

Mr. Weinberg, who lives in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, is 64 years old. A few years ago, he was a "meat eater". His family, however, ate vegetables first. "I was once confused - should I give up eating fried steak for decades?" Mr. Weinberg told the Life Times that he had tried to make himself vegetarian, but he gave up within a few days. "It's really hard to eat fruit and vegetables every day. I don't have any strength."

It was not until one day that Weinberg's 31-year-old son explained the problems in livestock raising in detail to him that Weinberg's attitude gradually changed. "My son told me that many studies have shown that most of the animal feed is added with hormones, antibiotics, and even pesticides. In addition to the serious air pollution and water pollution in recent years, I dare not touch those things." However, Weinberg frankly stated that he is not a strict vegetarian, and occasionally eats fish and dairy products when he is hungry.

Weinberg was very satisfied with the change in his diet. "I don't have the weight problems common to other American elderly people, and I am also energetic. Of course, the secret of my health is to keep running marathons."

For health reasons, people like Weinberg are increasing year by year in the United States. There is no doubt that vegetarianism has gradually become the mainstream of American diet, while the proportion of meat food is becoming smaller and smaller. According to the survey data of the American Vegetarian Resources Association in 2006, at present, about 4.7 million adults over the age of 18 in the United States are strict vegetarians, who never eat meat and seafood; In addition, more than 13 million people just don't touch those meat products. A report released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations recently shows that 20% of college students in the United States follow vegetarianism, and more and more of them become strict vegetarians; Another 55% of Americans will order vegetarian dishes when eating out.

American nutritionist's "vegetarian sutra"

Dr. Campbell, the world's leading nutritionist, has conducted long-term research on the relationship between eating habits and health, and he himself is a strict vegetarian. But Dr Campbell prefers to use "plant food" to describe his eating habits. In his view, some vegetarians eat not only vegetables, fruits, beans and other plant foods, but also eggs, dairy products, etc; Plant foods mainly include vegetables, cereals, beans, fruits, etc., excluding eggs and dairy products.

On April 7, in an interview with the reporter of Life Times at the signing meeting of Beijing Third Pole Bookstore, Dr. Campbell once again expounded his experience and views on plant food. "I grew up in a ranch and had been dealing with cattle since childhood - drinking milk and eating beef. At that time, I thought these foods were extremely delicious. I never thought that I would have the current attitude to diet in thirty or forty years." After decades of nutrition research, Campbell has sufficient data to prove that diet based on animal food can lead to various chronic diseases, such as obesity, coronary heart disease, tumor, etc; The diet based on plant food is the most beneficial to health, and also the most effective in controlling and preventing chronic diseases. "With the deepening of the research, I almost completely denied those dietary theories rooted in my childhood."

Dr. Campbell's research mainly includes the following findings:

Discovery 1: The diet composed of plant foods is beneficial for improving and preventing a series of chronic diseases.

Discovery 2: A plant-based diet can even reverse the process of chronic disease without drugs.

Discovery 3: the relationship between nutrition and genes. Susceptibility genes can be controlled through nutrition intake, that is, if the diet is appropriate, even the susceptibility genes may not be expressed; If the collocation is not reasonable, the susceptible genes will be expressed quickly.

Discovery 4: The diet based on plant food can resist the impact of some harmful substances on health. For example, we all know that smoking is harmful to health, but people based on plant food and people based on animal food have different tolerance to the harm of smoking. The former can reduce the harm to a certain extent.

In the interview, he told reporters that he did not have the so-called "food pyramid". In his view, eating more food, beans, vegetables and fruits and less chicken, duck, fish, meat, eggs and milk can keep away from diseases. "Traditional Chinese medicine focuses on food therapy. It can be seen that food can indeed cure diseases. What I want to do now is to expand the view of 'medicine and food are the same'."

Vegetarianism will not impact Chinese eating habits

In fact, thousands of years ago, Chinese people began to be "vegetarian". The ancients have long said that "grain is the main, five animals are the right amount, beans should not be lost, five vegetables are mixed in color, and fruits and melons are supplemented". Among them, "vegetarian" is not only derived from the fear of ghosts and gods, but also not only from Buddhist rituals. It represents more respect for the concept of health. The royal families and dignitaries who believe in this kind of dietary structure have told the world with their own practical actions: Eat like us. This is the symbol of identity and the real healthy lifestyle!

Today, "vegetarian" is gradually forgotten by Chinese people. On April 9, Chen Junshi, an academician of the CAE Member and a researcher of the Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said regretfully in a telephone interview with the Life Times reporter, "Many people now believe that big fish and meat, delicacies of mountains and seas are synonymous with 'prosperity' and 'progress', and began to enjoy a' happy 'life." Others believe that only by eating more meat, We can be as powerful as Westerners. However, diabetes, coronary heart disease and so on are virtually "coming to our door". "A diet based on plant foods can effectively prevent and control chronic diseases."

However, the trend of dietary change in China is more oil and salt. The "vegetarian" made by this cooking method, even if it is "vegetarian", may also taste bad. In response, Academician Chen Junshi said: "Too much oil and salt is a bad habit that goes hand in hand with the diet based on animal food, and must be abandoned. Even if it is mainly plant food, it should be based on the premise of controlling total calories, and never think that as long as you eat vegetables, more oil and salt will not matter." For example, in the United States, vegetarians will change fried vegetarian spring rolls into baked (or steamed) vegetarian spring rolls when learning from Chinese food recipes.

Academician Chen Junshi also stressed that vegetarianism should also emphasize the reasonable collocation. "Some people just eat food and vegetables, which is not enough. Bean products must be added in, so that the protein intake is not inferior to that obtained from meat, and the nutrition is more comprehensive."

In the nutrition guide provided by the United States Department of Agriculture for vegetarians, experts also suggested that vegetarians should diversify their food, especially pay attention to the food with high plant protein, and eat more food rich in iron, calcium, zinc and vitamin B12.

"Vegetarianism" is sweeping the world

In several famous vegetarian restaurants in Beijing, you can always see an endless stream of diners coming in and out, including lay monks, company white-collar workers, government officials, university teachers and students. At present, college students have become the pioneers of modern vegetarian promotion. Since the establishment of the vegetarian association of Peking University in May 2000, the response of the vegetarian association of Fudan University and the vegetarian association of Sun Yat-sen University has been growing. Speaking of the original intention of promoting vegetarianism, Zhang Liping, the former president of the Vegetarian Culture Association of Peking University, said that vegetarianism is a diet that makes people feel no burden. Nowadays, most young people like vegetarianism, not because of religion, but because they think it is a good way of eating.

The vegetarian market in the United States is also growing rapidly, with sales in 2005 increasing by 64% over 2000. It is generally believed that the new food processing technology makes the vegetarian food with soybean as the main raw material taste more delicious, such as vegetarian hamburger, vegetarian sausage, vegetarian pizza, etc. According to the prediction of American market researchers, the sales of vegetarian food will reach 1.07 billion US dollars by 2010.

In Germany, the vegetarian restaurant named "Raffles" has 2500 chain stores, and business is very good every day; In the UK, 1/10 of citizens aged 13-34 are vegetarian.

"I would be very pleased if the plant-based diet could become a trend. Because it is the only way to avoid chronic diseases such as cardio-cerebrovascular disease and cancer, and it is also an inevitable trend for human beings to pursue health." Academician Chen Junshi firmly said.

Professor Xia Xueluan of the Department of Sociology of Peking University also has the same view. "This is a kind of progress. It is not only reflected in the pursuit of health, but also makes the concepts of environmental protection and animal welfare deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Animals are also the gift of the creator, just like human beings. Don't simply regard it as a delicacy on the table, otherwise, it will destroy the 'unity of heaven and man', and human beings will only fall into an increasingly lonely situation."

However, Professor Xia also pointed out that it will take a long time to fundamentally change the Chinese people's eating habits. Among them, the resistance from other industries, such as meat processing industry, is obvious. Just like Professor Campbell, when he was promoting the concept of "plant-based diet" in the United States, the United States government had repeatedly obstructed the development of other industries on the grounds of affecting their development.

"It depends on how to calculate this account." Academician Chen Junshi did not show much concern about this, He said, "Compared with national health and national livelihood, the contraction of relevant industries is too small. Moreover, China's national conditions are different from those of the United States. In the United States, industry associations have a great impact on the government, but China will not. The 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey of China issued in 2004 It is proposed that the substantial increase of chronic diseases is related to the increasing intake of animal foods, which provides a good guarantee for the implementation of plant-based diet. "

       “将禽类、肉类，甚至乳类食品拒之门外”、“尽可能多地摄入以植物性食物为主的膳食”。当“素食风”袭来时，全球为之动容：在中国，北京大学成立了素食协会；在美国，人们更以“吃素”作为生活品质的象征，55%的美国人外出用餐时，会点全素菜肴；世界权威营养学家、被誉为“世界营养学界爱因斯坦”的美国康奈尔大学终身教授柯林·坎贝尔博士，近日在北京接受《生命时报》记者专访时，也大谈了他的“素食经”。素食究竟给人们的生活带来了多大改变？中国传统的饮食习惯会不会在这一“潮流”的影响下颠覆？

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素食改变美国家庭

       家住美国犹他州盐湖城的温勃先生现年64岁。几年前，他还是一个不折不扣的“肉食主义者”。而他的家人，则先他一步吃起了素。“我一度很困惑——难道要我就此放弃吃了几十年的煎牛排？”温勃先生告诉《生命时报》记者，他曾经试图让自己吃素，但没过几天就放弃了。“每天靠水果和蔬菜充饥的感觉实在太难受了，浑身一点力气都没有。”

       直到有一天，温勃31岁的儿子详细地为他讲解了牲畜饲养中的问题后，温勃的态度才逐渐转变。“儿子告诉我，现在的多项研究都表明，动物饲料里大多添加了激素、抗生素，甚至农药，再加上这几年严重的空气污染、水污染……想到这些，我就不敢碰那些东西了。”不过，温勃坦率地表明，他并非严格的素食主义者，馋了的时候偶尔还会吃鱼和奶制品。

     对于自己饮食方式的改变，温勃非常满意。“我并没有出现其他美国老人常见的体重问题，精力也很旺盛。当然，我保持健康的秘诀还有——坚持跑马拉松。”

     出于健康考虑，像温勃这样的人在美国正逐年增加。毋庸置疑，素食主义已逐渐成为美国饮食的主流，与此同时，肉类食品的比重越来越小。据美国素食资源协会2006年的调查数据显示，目前，美国18岁以上的成年人中，约470万是严格的素食主义者，这些人从不吃肉类、海鲜类食品；另外，还有1300多万人仅仅不碰那些肉类食品。而日前联合国食品和农业组织公布的报告则显示，美国20%的大学生追随素食主义，其中越来越多的人成为严格的素食主义者；另有55%的美国人外出用餐时会点全素菜肴。

美国营养学家的“素食经”

       在饮食习惯与健康的关系上，世界权威营养学家坎贝尔博士曾进行过长期研究，而他本人也是个严格的素食主义者。但坎贝尔博士更愿意用“植物性食物”来描述自己的饮食习惯。在他看来，有些素食者吃的东西除了蔬菜、水果、豆类这些植物性食物外，还包括蛋、奶制品等；而植物性食物主要包括蔬菜、谷类、豆类、水果等，不包括鸡蛋和奶制品。

      4月7日，在北京第三极书店签售会上接受《生命时报》记者采访时，坎贝尔博士再次阐述了自己的经历和有关植物性食物的观点。“我是在牧场长大的，从小就和牛打交道——喝牛奶、吃牛肉，当时觉得这些食物简直美味极了。我从来没想过自己三四十年后会对饮食持有现在的态度。”在从事了几十年营养学调查研究后，坎贝尔有了充足的数据证明：以动物性食物为主的膳食会导致各种慢性病的发生，如肥胖、冠心病、肿瘤等；而以植物性食物为主的膳食最有利健康，也最能有效控制和预防慢性病。“随着研究的深入，我几乎全盘否定了那些根植于我童年的饮食理论。”

      坎贝尔博士的研究主要有以下发现：

    发现一：植物性食物组成的膳食对改善、预防一系列慢性病有好处。

    发现二：植物性食物为主的膳食甚至可以不借助药物逆转慢性疾病进程。

    发现三：营养和基因的关系。易感基因可以通过营养摄入进行控制，也就是说如果饮食搭配恰当，即使有易感基因也可能不表达；如果搭配不合理，易感基因会较快表达出来。

    发现四：以植物性食物为主的膳食能抵御一些有害物质对健康的影响，如大家都知道吸烟有害健康，但以植物性食物为主的人和以动物性食物为主的人，对吸烟危害的耐受力不一样，前者能在一定程度上减小这种危害。

      采访中，他告诉记者，他并没有所谓的“饮食金字塔”。在他看来，多吃粮食、豆类、蔬菜和水果，少吃鸡、鸭、鱼、肉、蛋、奶，就能远离疾病。“中医讲究的是食疗，可见，食物的确能治病。而我现在要做的，就是把‘药食同源’的观点扩大。”

素食不会冲击中国饮食习惯

      实际上，几千年前的中国人就开始“吃素”了。古人早有“五谷为主，五畜适量，不宜失豆，五蔬色杂，瓜果辅之”的说法，其中的“素食”不仅仅源于敬畏鬼神，也不单单是佛教礼仪，它更多代表的是对健康理念的推崇。信奉这种膳食结构的宫廷王室、达官贵人以自己的实际行动向世人昭告：像我们一样用餐吧，这才是身份的象征，才是真正健康的生活方式！

      而今，“素食”却逐渐被中国人淡忘了。4月9日，中国工程院院士、中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所研究员陈君石在接受《生命时报》记者电话采访时遗憾地说，“现在很多人认为，大鱼大肉、山珍海味才是‘富裕’、‘进步’的代名词，并开始大快朵颐地享受着‘幸福’生活。”更有人认为，只有多摄入肉食，才能像西方人一样人高马大。殊不知，这无形中让糖尿病、冠心病等“找上门来”。“而以植物性食物为主的膳食则能有效地预防和控制慢性病。”

         但我国膳食变化的趋势是多油、多盐，用这样的烹饪方法做出来的“素食”，就算再“素”，恐怕也会变味。对此，陈君石院士认为：“多油、多盐是和以动物性食物为主的膳食齐头并进的恶习，必须摒弃。即便以植物性食物为主，也要以控制总热量为前提，绝不要以为，只要吃了素，多点油盐没关系。”比如在美国，素食者在借鉴中餐食谱时，会将炸素春卷改为烤（或蒸）素春卷。

      陈君石院士同时强调，吃素也得强调搭配合理，“有些人光吃粮食和蔬菜，这就不行，豆制品必须搭进来，这样摄取的蛋白质才不比吃肉获得的蛋白质差，营养才更全面。”

       在美国农业部为素食者提供的营养指南中，专家们也建议素食者的食物要多样化，特别是注意摄取含植物蛋白高的食物，还要多吃富含铁、钙、锌和维生素B12的食物。

“素食风”正在席卷全球

        在北京几家著名的素食馆，总能看见络绎不绝的食客进进出出，其中有居士僧侣、公司白领，也有政府官员、高校师生。目前，高校学生成了现代素食推广的先锋。从2000年5月北京大学素食协会的成立，到此后复旦大学素食协会、中山大学素食协会的群起呼应，势头越来越猛。说起当初推广素食的初衷，北大素食文化协会前会长张丽萍说，素食是让人心里没有负担的饮食，现在年轻人喜欢素食，大多不是因为宗教，而是觉得这是很好的饮食方式。

        美国的素食市场同样增长迅速，2005年的销售额比2000年增长了64%。人们普遍认为，新的食品加工技术使以大豆为主要原料的素食吃起来更鲜美，如素汉堡、素香肠、素比萨饼等。据美国市场研究人员预测，到2010年，素食的销售额将达到10.7亿美元。

       在德国，名叫“雷夫莫斯”的素食店已经拥有了2500家连锁店，每天生意都很好；在英国，13—34岁的公民中，1/10是素食者。

      “如果以植物性食物为主的膳食方式能够成为一种潮流，我会感到很欣慰。因为要远离诸如心脑血管、癌症等慢性疾病，这是唯一可走的路，也是人类追求健康的必然趋势。”陈君石院士坚定地说。
       北京大学社会学系夏学銮教授也有着同样的观点。“这是一种进步，它不仅体现在对健康的追求上，还会让环境保护、动物福利等理念深入人心。动物和人类一样也是造物主的恩赐，千万别把它简单地视作餐桌上的美味佳肴，否则，破坏了‘天人合一’，人类只能陷入越来越孤独的境地。”

      不过，夏教授也指出，想从根本上改变中国人的饮食习惯，还需要很长的过程。其中，来自其他行业，如肉食加工业等的阻力显而易见。就像坎贝尔教授当年在美国推行“以植物性食物为主的膳食”观念时，美国政府曾以影响其他行业发展为由，对其进行了重重阻挠。

      “那就要看这本账怎么算了。”陈君石院士对此倒没有表现出太大担心，他说：“同国民健康、国家生计比，相关行业的萎缩实在太渺小了。而且，我国国情与美国不一样。在美国，行业协会对政府的影响很大，我国却不会。2004年出台的《2002年中国国民营养和健康调查》就提出，慢性病的大幅度增加与日益增多的动物性食物的摄入有关，这为推行以植物性食物为主的膳食提供了很好的保障。”

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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