Mount Emei - the third of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China

 峨嵋山

——中国佛教四大名山之三

Mount Emei is located in the city of Mount Emei, Sichuan Province, China, with a scenic area of 154 square kilometers, and the highest peak, Wanfo Peak, is 3099 meters above sea level. It is a famous tourist resort and Buddhist mountain; It is a national mountain scenic spot in China integrating natural scenery and Buddhist culture. It was listed in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List on December 6, 1996.

Mount Emei is towering, beautiful, ancient and magical. It is famous for its beautiful natural scenery, long Buddhist culture, rich animal and plant resources, and unique geological landforms. It is known as the Paradise of Buddha, the Kingdom of Plants, the Animal Paradise, the Geological Museum and so on, and is known as the "beautiful scenery in the world" of Emei. Li Bai, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, said: "There are many fairy mountains in Shu, and Emei Miao is hard to match;"; Zhou Hongmo, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, said: "The beauty of the three Emeis is the best in the world. Why go to the sea to find Penglai?"; Guo Moruo, a contemporary literary giant, wrote that Mount Emei is a famous mountain in the world. From ancient times to modern times, Mount Emei has been a resort for people to worship the Buddha, visit sightseeing, scientific research and leisure and recuperation. For thousands of years, Mount Emei has been full of incense, tourists and charm. For thousands of years, Mount Emei has been full of incense, tourists and charm. Its main features are:

The beautiful natural scenery of Mount Emei is higher than the five mountains and the most beautiful in the world. It is majestic, beautiful and magnificent. It has always been said that there are four seasons in a mountain and different days in ten miles. Tang Zhongyue, a poet of the Qing Dynasty, summarized the beautiful scenery of Mount Emei into ten scenic spots: auspicious light at the top of the golden hill, moon night at the elephant pond, Jiulaoxian Mansion, Hongchun Xiaoyu, white water and autumn wind, clear sound at Shuangqiao, late snow at Daping, emerald green at Lingyan, clear clouds at Luofeng, and late planting at Shengji. Now people have constantly discovered and created many new landscapes, such as the Red Pearl embracing the green, Huxi Listening to the Spring, Longjiang Plank Path, Longmen Waterfall, Leidong Smoke and Cloud, connecting with the flying rainbow, lying cloud floating boat, and fir forest, all of which are fascinating. Into the mountains, there are many mountains and towering ancient trees. The road turns and the clouds break the bridge. The valley is deep and the sky is shining. Thousands of gullies fly and flow, and the sound of water ripples. The fairy birds sing and the colorful butterflies dance; Monkeys play, harp frogs play, and strange flowers pave the path. In spring, all things sprout and grow luxuriantly; In summer, flowers are blooming and colorful; Autumn is full of red leaves and colorful; In winter, it is snowy and snowy. Climbing on the Golden Summit has a very broad view and magnificent scenery. Watching the sunrise, the sea of clouds, the light of Buddha and the sunset makes you feel relaxed and happy; Overlooking the snowy peaks, Gongga Mountain and Wawu Mountain in the west, the mountains connect with the sky; Looking southward at the Ten Thousand Buddhas Peak, the clouds are rolling and magnificent; Looking down from the north, you can have a panoramic view of the Dadu River and Qingyi River. Standing at the top of Emei, I really have the feeling of seeing all the small mountains.

Mount Emei, a Buddhist temple with a long history, is one of the four Buddhist shrines in China. According to legend, Buddhism was introduced to Mount Emei in the first century AD. The development of Buddhism in the past 2000 years has left Mount Emei with rich Buddhist cultural heritage, created many eminent monks and great virtues, and made Mount Emei gradually become a Buddhist holy land with deep influence in China and even in the world. At present, there are about 300 monks and nuns in the whole mountain and nearly 30 temples, including Baoguo Temple, Fuhu Temple, Qingyin Pavilion, Hongchunping, Xianfeng Temple, Xixiangchi, Jinding Huazang Temple, Wannian Temple, etc. The Buddhist statues in the temple include clay sculptures, wood carvings, jade carvings, copper and iron castings, porcelain, and yarn removal, which are vivid in shape and exquisite in craftsmanship. For example, the bronze statue of the Universal Sage riding in Wannian Temple can be regarded as a unique one in the mountains, and it is a national level protected cultural relic. The bronze statue of Amitabha Buddha, the bronze statue of the Three-body Buddha, and the seven stripped Buddha statues in Baoguo Temple are all precious Buddhist statues. There are also palm-leaf scriptures, Huayan Copper Pagoda, Shengji Evening Bell, Jinding Copper Stele, and Puxian Gold Seal, all of which are precious Buddhist relics. The Buddhist music of Mount Emei is colorful and unique. As one of the three major schools of Chinese martial arts, Mount Emei is famous at home and abroad. These rich Buddhist cultural heritages are treasures in the treasure house of Chinese culture.

With abundant animal and plant resources, Mount Emei is evergreen all the year round, and is known as the ancient kingdom of plants. Due to the special terrain, abundant rainfall, diverse climate and complex soil structure, which create an excellent ecological environment for the growth and reproduction of various biological species, there are more than 3200 kinds of higher plants growing in the area of 154 square kilometers. Some people say that the number of plant species in Mount Emei is equal to the total number of plant species in Europe. Among the plants growing in Mount Emei are Davidia involucrata and Alsophila spinulosa, which are known as living fossil plants, and the famous Abies Emei, Zhennan and Hongchun; There are a wide variety of orchids, azaleas, and many valuable medicinal plants and bamboo forests. These plants clothe Mount Emei with beautiful colors and create a natural paradise for all kinds of animals. There are more than 2300 kinds of wild animals in Mount Emei, including rare giant pandas, black storks, red pandas, short tailed monkeys, silver pheasant chickens, dead leaf butterflies, harp frogs, giant worms with ringhair, etc. In particular, the monkeys in Mount Emei, which are not surprising and enjoy with others, have become a unique living landscape in Mount Emei and are famous at home and abroad.

Amazing Geological Museum The Yanshan movement at the end of the Mesozoic era in China's geological history laid the outline of the geological structure of Mount Emei. The Himalayan movement in the neotectonic period and the strong uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau accompanied by it created the magnificent Mount Emei. Since the Precambrian, the strata of Mount Emei have been deposited in all ages except for the absence of Middle and Late Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous sediments. Among them, a large number of biological fossils with typical sedimentary facies markers have been preserved, providing important geological data for the study of sedimentary facies, restoration of paleoenvironment, global biostratigraphy and biogeography, the study of the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary in the Maidiping section, the study of carbonate platform sedimentary facies, and the study of tidal flat sedimentary facies in the Middle and Lower Triassic Longmendong section, The Emeishan basalts from the late Permian basic magma have extremely important value in the study of continental rifting, the deep process of the upper mantle, and the evolution of the lithosphere, and have become the basis for geoscientific research by Chinese and foreign scholars. The unique geological characteristics of Mount Emei have created preconditions for the breeding and reproduction of various organisms and the formation of magnificent and beautiful natural landscapes.

On December 6, 1996, Mount Emei was listed in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO.

峨嵋山位于中国四川省峨嵋山市境内，景区面积154平方公里，最高峰万佛顶海拔3099米，是著名的旅游胜地和佛教名山；是一个集自然风光与佛教文化为一体的中国国家级山岳型风景名胜。1996年12月6日列入《世界自然与文化遗产名录》。 
    
　　峨嵋山平畴突起，巍峨、秀丽、古老、神奇。它以优美的自然风光、悠久的佛教文化、丰富的动植物资源、独特的地质地貌而著称于世。被人们称之为仙山佛国、植物王国、动物乐园、地质博物馆等，素有峨嵋天下秀之美誉。唐代诗人李白诗曰：蜀国多仙山，峨嵋邈难匹；明代诗人周洪谟赞道：三峨之秀甲天下，何须涉海寻蓬莱；当代文豪郭沫若题书峨嵋山为天下名山。古往今来，峨嵋山就是人们礼佛朝拜、游览观光、科学考察和休闲疗养的胜地。峨嵋山千百年来香火旺盛、游人不绝，永葆魅力。峨嵋山千百年来香火旺盛、游人不绝，永葆魅力。其主要特色为：
    
　　绚丽的自然风光  峨嵋山高出五岳、秀甲天下，山势雄伟，景色秀丽，气象万千。素有一山有四季，十里不同天之妙喻。清代诗人谭钟岳将峨嵋山佳景概为十景：金顶祥光、象池月夜、九老仙府、洪椿晓雨、白水秋风、双桥清音、大坪霁雪、灵岩叠翠、罗峰晴云、圣积晚种。现在人们又不断发现和创造了许多新景观，如红珠拥翠、虎溪听泉、龙江栈道、龙门飞瀑、雷洞烟云、接引飞虹、卧云浮舟、冷杉幽林等，无不引人入胜。进入山中，重峦叠嶂，古木参天。峰回路转，云断桥连。涧深谷幽，天光一线。万壑飞流，水声潺潺。仙雀鸣唱，彩蝶翩翩；灵猴嬉戏，琴蛙奏弹，奇花铺径，别有洞天。春季万物萌动，郁郁葱葱；夏季百花争艳，姹紫嫣红；秋季红叶满山，五彩缤纷；冬季银装素裹，白雪皑皑。登临金顶极目远望，视野宽阔无比，景色十分壮丽。观日出、云海、佛光、晚霞，令你心旷神怡；西眺皑皑雪峰、贡嘎山、瓦屋山，山连天际；南望万佛顶，云涛滚滚，气势恢弘；北瞰百里平川，如铺锦绣，大渡河、青衣江尽收眼底。置身峨嵋之巅，真有一览众山小之感慨。
    
　　悠久的佛教文化  峨嵋山为普贤菩萨道场，是我国四大佛教圣地之一。 相传佛教于公元1世纪即传入峨嵋山。近2000年的佛教发展历程，给峨嵋山留下了丰富的佛教文化遗产，造就了许多高僧大德，使峨嵋山逐步成为中国乃至世界影响甚深的佛教圣地。目前，全山共有僧尼约300人，寺庙近30座，其中著名的有报国寺、伏虎寺、清音阁、洪椿坪、仙峰寺、洗象池、金顶华藏寺、万年寺……等。寺庙中的佛教造像 有泥塑、木雕、玉刻、铜铁铸、瓷制、脱纱等，造型生动，工艺精湛。如万年寺的铜铸普贤骑象，堪称山中一绝，为国家一级保护文物，阿弥陀佛铜像，三身佛铜像，报国寺内的脱纱七佛等，均为珍贵的佛教造像。还有贝叶经、华严铜塔、圣积晚钟、金顶铜碑、普贤金印，均为珍贵的佛教文物。峨嵋山佛教音乐丰富多彩，独树一帜。峨嵋山武术作为中国武术三大流派之一享誉海内外。这些丰富的佛教文化遗产是中华民族文化宝库中的瑰宝。
    
　　丰富的动植物资源  甲天下的峨嵋山，终年常绿，素有古老的植物王国之美称。由于特殊的地形，充沛的雨量，多样的气候和复杂的土壤结构，为各类生物物种的生长繁衍创造了绝好的生态环境，因此在方圆154平方公里的范围内生长着高等植物3200多种，有人说峨嵋山植物种类的数量相当于整个欧洲植物种类的总和。在峨嵋山生长的植物中，有被称之为植物活化石的珙桐、桫椤，有著名的峨嵋冷杉、桢楠、洪椿；有品种繁多的兰花、杜鹃花等，还有许多名贵的药用植物和成片的竹林。这些植物为峨嵋山披上秀色，还给各类动物创造了一个天然的乐园。峨嵋山有2300多种野生动物，其中有珍稀的大熊猫、黑鹳、小熊猫、短尾猴、白鹇鸡、枯叶蝶、弹琴蛙、环毛大蚯蚓等。特别是见人不惊，与人同乐的峨嵋山猴群，已成为峨嵋山中独具一格的活景观而闻名中外。
    
　　神奇的地质博物馆  中国地质史上中生代末期的燕山运动奠定了峨嵋山地质构造的轮廓，新构造期的喜马拉雅运动，及其伴随的青藏高原的强烈抬升，造就了雄秀壮丽的峨嵋山。峨嵋山的地层从前寒武纪以来，除缺失中、晚奥陶世、志留纪、泥盆纪、石炭纪沉积外，其余各时代地层均有沉积。其中保留了典型的沉积相标志的大量的生物化石，为研究沉积相、复原古环境、进行全球生物地层学及生物地理学研究提供了重要的地史资料，麦地坪剖面对前寒武系--寒武系界线的研究，碳酸盐台地沉积相的研究，中、下三叠统龙门洞剖面对潮坪沉积相的研究，晚二叠世基性岩浆喷溢的峨嵋山玄武岩对大陆裂谷作用，上地幔深部过程，岩石圈演化等方面的研究都具有极其重要的价值，已成为中外学者进行地学科研的基础。峨嵋山独特的地质特性，为多种生物的滋生繁衍和雄、秀的地貌自然景观的形成创造了先决条件。
    
　　1996年12月6日，峨眉山被联合国教科方组织列入《世界自然与文化遗产目录》。

 (This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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