Jiuhua Mountain -- the second of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China

九华山

——中国佛教四大名山 之二

Jiuhua Mountain, formerly known as Jiuzi Mountain, is located in the southwest of Qingyang County, Anhui Province, bordering the Yangtze River in the north, Huangshan in the south, Tongling in the east and Guichi in the west. Li Bai, the immortal of poetry, praised his nine peaks as beautiful as lotus flowers and chanted "Nine flowers bloom on the Lingshan Mountain", so he was named "Nine flowers". Together with Wutai, Emei and Putuo, she is known as the four famous mountains of Chinese Buddhism and has the reputation of "Lotus Buddha". Five scenic spots, including Shanqian, Jiuhua Street, Minyuan, Tiantai and Huatai, have been opened. The roundabout trail is more than 30 kilometers, and the total area of the scenic spot is about 120 square kilometers. There are more than 94 temples and more than 700 monks and nuns in the area.

"Jiuhua thousand temples, scattered in the clouds". Among the four famous Buddhist mountains in China, Jiuhua Mountain is famous for its beautiful scenery, and for its double laurels of "Incense is the best in the world" and "the first mountain in the southeast". It is a holy place for worshippers. Jiuhua Mountain is the most famous scenic spot. The old records include "Jiuhua Ten Scenes": Tiantai Dawn, Huacheng Evening Bell, Dongya Yan Sitting, Tianzhu Fairy, Taoyan Waterfall, Lianfeng Cloud Sea, Pinggang Snow, Shutan Yinyue, Jiuzi Spring Sound, Wuxi Mountain. In addition, there are also scenic spots such as Longchi Waterfall, Minyuan Bamboo Sea, Ganlu Lingxiu, Mokong Vatican, Flower Blossoms, Lion Peak Forest, Qinggou Exploration, Yulong Cave, Phoenix Ancient Pine, etc.

Jiuhua Mountain, with the reputation of "Buddha City", has become a bright pearl in China's national cultural heritage with numerous Buddhist temples and beautiful natural scenery. Jiuhua Mountain was formed in the late Cenozoic era, and Jiuhua Mountain Buddhism began in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. According to historical records, in the second year of the Tianjian reign of Emperor Liangwu of the Southern Dynasty (503 A.D.), there was a monk named Fuhu who built a Fuhu Temple at Shibaoyan, Jiuhua Mountain; During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, a monk Tanhao came here to practice. During the reign of Kaiyuan and Tianbao (713-755 AD), Jin Qiaojue, a nobleman of the royal family of Silla, became a monk, crossed the sea to China, went to Jiuhua Mountain for penance, and lived in the cave of Dongya Peak. He was touched by many good men and women, and the local gentry Zhuge Festival and other capital losses, and built a temple for Jin Qiaojue. In the second year of Jianzhong (781 AD), Zhang Yanzuo, the governor of Chizhou, asked the imperial court to grant "Huacheng" to the temple. When Jin Qiaojue passed away, it was said that the mountains and valleys fell, the birds were crying, and the ground was ablaze with fire. The more three years passed, the more lifelike his body became. The monks respected him as the earth's hidden bodhisattva, and built a body tower to worship him. Jiuhua Mountain has become a Buddhist monastery of the Earthly Treasure Bodhisattva. For more than a thousand years, Jiuhua Mountain Buddhism has experienced its rise and fall. There are generally five periods: it was initially established in the middle of the Tang Dynasty; Decline from the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties; The song and yuan dynasties developed; The Ming and Qing dynasties reached their peak. In the years of Hongwu, Xuande and Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, the Huacheng Temple was awarded gold for many times. In the years of Wanli, the Huacheng Temple in Jiuhua Mountain was also awarded the Tibetan Sutra twice. Since the Ming Dynasty, Jiuhua Mountain has become increasingly prosperous. The total number of temples and nunneries has exceeded 100, and there are many monks and nuns. Together with Mount Wutai, Mount Emei and Mount Putuo, it is known as the four famous mountains of Chinese Buddhism. Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty toured the south of the Yangtze River several times, respectively awarded "Jiuhua Holy Land" and "Fentuo Pujiao" inscribed tablets, and repeatedly awarded heavy money to repair the Huacheng Temple. Jiuhua Mountain Buddhism has further developed. In addition to the ten jungles of Huacheng Temple, four jungles have been formed, namely, the Centenary Palace, Ganlu Temple, Dongya Temple and Gion Temple. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the number of Jiuhuashan temples had once increased to more than 150, and there were as many as 3000 or 4000 monks.

Buddhist culture

Jiuhua Mountain has a long history of Buddhism and many Buddhist relics remain. In addition to the paintings and calligraphies of celebrities of past dynasties, there are many cliff stone carvings, most of which are scattered on the way from Minyuan to Tiantai. The stone carvings are mostly related to Buddhism. There are also many memorial tablets for the construction of temples, which provide conclusive historical data for the research of the Buddhist history of Jiuhua Mountain. In order to spread all sentient beings, Jiuhua Mountain Buddhism has a major feature of "treasure seal for the benefit of life". There are "Jiulong Gold Seal", "Jiulong Bronze Seal", "Lion Button Bronze Seal", "Dragon Button Bronze Seal", "Nine Lion Jade Seal" and so on. Buddhist scriptures are an important part of Jiuhua Mountain cultural relics. There are two existing Sanskrit palm-leaf scriptures, Ming edition<

九华山，原名九子山，地处安徽省青阳县城西南部，北枕长江，南靠黄山，东接铜陵，西邻贵池。诗仙李白赞其九峰秀如莲花，有“灵山开九华”之吟，故得名“九华”。她与五台、峨眉、普陀合称中国佛教四大名山，有“莲花佛国”的美誉。现已开放山前、九华街、闵园、天台、花台五大景区，环行步道30余公里，风景区总面积约120余平方公里，区内现存寺庙94余座，僧尼700余人。 
    
　　“九华一千寺，撒在云雾中”，在中国佛教四大名山中，九华山以其风光旖旎而独领风骚，又以“香火甲天下”和“东南第一山”的双重桂冠而名扬天下，是善男信女们的朝拜圣地。九华山风景最著名者，旧记载有“九华十景”：天台晓日、化城晚钟、东崖晏坐、天柱仙踪、桃岩瀑布、莲峰云海、平岗积雪、舒潭印月、九子泉声、五溪山色。此外，还有龙池飞瀑、闵园竹海、甘露灵秀、摩空梵宫、花团锦簇、狮子峰林、清沟探幽、鱼龙洞府、凤凰古松等名胜。 
    
　　有“佛国仙城 ”之美誉的九华山，以众多的佛教寺庙和优美的自然风光，成为我国民族文化遗产中一颗璀灿的明珠。九华山形成于新生代晚期，九华山佛教始自南北朝时期。据史料记载，南朝梁武帝天监二年(公元503年)，即有僧名伏虎，在九华山拾宝岩建伏虎庵；唐朝开元年间，有僧人檀号来此修行。开元、天宝年间(公元713—755年)，新罗国王室贵族金乔觉出家为僧，渡海来华，到九华山苦修，居住东崖峰的岩洞中，感动众多善男信女，当地乡绅诸葛节等损资，为金乔觉建寺。建中二年(公元781年)池州太守张岩奏请朝廷赐“化城”额於该寺。金乔觉圆寂时，相传山呜谷陨，群鸟哀啼，地出火光，其尸身越三年而栩栩如生，僧众尊为地藏菩萨，建肉身塔供奉。九华山遂成为地藏菩萨道场。千余年来，九华山佛教历经兴衰，大体有五个时期：唐中期初创；唐后期至五代衰微；宋元有所发展；明清达到鼎盛。明朝洪武、宣德、万历年间屡次赐金修建化城寺，万历年间还两次给九华山化城寺颁赐《藏经》。自明代起九华山日益兴旺，寺庵总数超过一百，僧尼众多，与五台山、峨嵋山、普陀山共称为中国佛 教四大名山。清朝康熙、乾隆皇帝数次巡游江南，分别钦赐“九华圣境”、“芬陀普教”御笔匾额，屡赐重金修缮化城寺。九华山佛教又有了进一步发展，除化城寺十方丛林外，又形成了百岁宫、甘露寺、东崖寺、祗园寺四大丛林。到清朝未年，九华山寺庙一度增至一百五十余座，僧众多达三、四千人，香火之盛，甲于天下。 
    
　　佛教文化
    
　　九华山佛教历史悠久，遗存的佛教文物众多。除历代名人书画外，还有不少摩崖石刻，大多散布在闵园到天台途中，石刻内容多与佛教有关。又有许多修建寺庙的记事碑，为考证九华山佛教历史提供了确凿史料。为广度众生，九华山佛教“地藏利生宝印”为一大特色，现存有“九龙金印”、“九龙铜印”、“狮钮铜印”、“龙钮铜印”、“九狮玉印”等。佛教经籍是九华山文物的重要组成部分，现存梵文贝叶经二札，明版<

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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