Zhuge Changqing: What are Taishi, Taifu and Taibao?

诸葛长青：什么是太师、太傅、太保？

Taishi, Taifu and Taibao are the teachers of the imperial prince.

... Zhuge Changqing

Chinese culture is broad and profound.

In particular, Taishi, Taifu and Taibao have become the unique education system of Chinese culture.

So what are Taishi, Taifu and Taibao?

Zhuge Changqing believed that the Taishi, Taifu and Taibao were the three mentors who assisted the prince and helped the prince to become an emperor in the future, to be able to govern the arts and culture, and to stabilize the country.

Taishi, Taifu and Taibao were established in the Shang and Zhou dynasties to assist the emperor and crown prince. They were also called Sangong at that time, and also called the ancient Sangong (to distinguish the three of the three dukes in the Qin and Han dynasties).

Gu Sangong was the highest ranking official in the Zhou Dynasty. Sangong had great power in the Zhou Dynasty. When the Son of Heaven was young, he could exercise the right to govern the world on behalf of the Son of Heaven.

According to Zhuge Changqing's research, Taishi, Taifu and Taibao are the three mentors who assist the prince and help the prince to become an emperor in the future.

Their basic responsibilities are:

Taishi: Coach the emperor and prince to learn the culture of peace and governance.

(Zhuge Changqing: Choose a knowledgeable scholar)

Tai Fu: Tutoring the emperor and prince to learn the culture of moral cultivation.

(Zhuge Changqing: Choose a patriot with noble morality)

Taibao: Tutoring the emperor and prince to learn the culture of military strategy.

(Zhuge Changqing: Choose a military warrior)

These three people are very important, and they are the important auxiliary forces for the prince to become an emperor in the future. The knowledge of three people is enough to ensure the stability of the country.

Sometimes, if the comprehensive quality of a national is comprehensive, he may concurrently play three roles, such as Jiang Taigong, Wen Zhong, Guan Zhong, Li Zuoche, Zhang Liang, etc.

With the change of history, Taishi, Taifu, and Taibao have become a kind of honor of official rank. Some emperors have given the title of loyal ministers to the emperor, so that they can help the prince with all their strength (no need to teach).

Zhuge Changqing found that powerful emperors were assisted by "Taishi, Taifu and Taibao". This 100000 is very important.

Collect some data as research data of "Taishi, Taifu and Taibao".

1、 About Taishi, Taifu and Taibao

What are Taishi, Taifu and Taibao?

Zhuge Changqing studied and believed that the crown prince, Taifu, and Taibao were the three mentors who assisted the crown prince and helped the crown prince to become an emperor in the future, to be able to govern the arts and culture, and to stabilize the country.

Taishi, Taifu, and Taibao were established in the Shang and Zhou dynasties to assist the emperor and crown prince. They were then called Sangong, also known as the ancient Sangong, to distinguish the three of the three dukes in the Qin and Han dynasties.

Gu Sangong was the highest ranking official in the Zhou Dynasty. Sangong had great power in the Zhou Dynasty. When the Son of Heaven was young, he could exercise the right to govern the world on behalf of the Son of Heaven.

According to Zhuge Changqing's research, Taishi, Taifu and Taibao are the three mentors who assist the prince and help the prince to become an emperor in the future.

According to the official records of the Song Dynasty, "Taizai is one person. When King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, Gongdan of the Zhou Dynasty first lived there and took charge of the state administration, which was the first of the six emperors. Qin, Han, and Wei did not often. At the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, according to the Book of Rites of the Zhou Dynasty, there were three dukes. The position of three dukes was the first, and the Jingdi was the famous teacher. Therefore, Taizai was set up to replace it. Taizai was also the great teacher in ancient times. When King Wu of the Yin Dynasty, Jizi was the great teacher. When King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, the great prince was the great teacher.

When King Cheng of Zhou, Duke of Zhou was the Supreme Master; Duke of Zhou Hong, Duke of Bi took his place. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Xijing was not established, and the Pingdi Emperor began to reinstate the Taishiguan, while Kong Guangju was absent. Tokyo was abandoned again in Han Dynasty. Wei Shi did not buy it. Since the Jin Dynasty was set up by the Supreme Master, Wang Fu of Anping lived there. " For example, Zhao Pu and Wen Yanbo in the Song Dynasty were awarded the title of Taishi.

The official annals of the Yuan Dynasty said, "Three Gongs, one Taishi, one Taifu, and one Taibao, each of which is a genuine product, with silver seals, are used to support Yin and Yang, and pass through the state. The Yuan Dynasty inherited its name and honored it. In the 12th year of the reign of Taizu, the king set up one Taishi. Taizong ascended to the throne and built three Gongs, and the time of their worship can not be tested. In the age of Shizu, his position was often vacant, but only the Taibao was set up. After Chengzong and Wuzong, the three Gongs were built together, and there was no vacancy.", It is of utmost importance to manage yin and yang and promote the state. There is no fixed number of staff and no special teaching. " "Taishi, Taifu, and Taibao are three officials.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were ministers who granted the public and the orphan. He was later designated as a part-time official, an additional official and a gift official ". The difference between the crown prince and the crown prince is that the crown prince belongs to the "three dukes" in the Sui and Tang dynasties; Taishi Taifu Taibao is the "three divisions".

According to the old Tang Book and the new Tang Book, the Eastern Palace was set up in the early Tang Dynasty with "three divisions and three minor divisions". The "three divisions" were restored in the 11th year of Zhenguan. The Song Dynasty called it "Three Gongs" but did not set up "Three Solicitors". In the Ming Dynasty, the "Three Solicitors" were restored. The crown prince belongs to the "three divisions of the East Palace" as the nominal crown prince teacher.

According to the official records of the Ming Dynasty, "Taishi, Taifu, and Taibao are the three officials, and the first grade is Shaoshi, Shaofu, and Shaobao are the three orphans. From the first grade, they are in charge of the Son of Heaven, manage Yin and Yang, and through Bang Honghua, their duties are extremely important. There is no fixed number of staff, and no special teaching." "The crown prince, the crown prince and the crown prince, and the crown prince and the crown prince guide the crown prince with morality from the first grade, but only protect the wings. The crown prince, the crown prince, the crown prince, and the crown prince, the crown prince, and the crown prince, the second grade, and the crown prince teach the crown prince with the morality of observing the three grades." It can be seen that the crown prince and the crown prince are not the same thing, and the crown prince can not be called the crown prince for short. The crown prince in the three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties is the first grade, and the crown prince only has the first grade.

3、 Too

What is too?

According to Zhuge Changqing's research, those who are at the highest level in terms of life, work and learning are called "Tai". For example, Taishi, Taifu, Taibao, Madam, the Supreme Emperor, the Empress Dowager, and Princess Tai.

T à i. Shuowen Jiezi: "Big, big sky, big earth, and big people. So the elephant and human form". Tai Cong is a little bigger. The most open form of people is the big paradigm. The big plus is the Tai paradigm.

4、 Division

What is a teacher?

According to Zhuge Changqing's research, the division came from the ancient imperial army (2500 people per division). Later, because the chief of the management division had the responsibility of educating and training the "division", it gradually evolved into a "teacher". The teacher of the prince is the teacher.

Relevant data show that Shi (pinyin: sh) is a common standard Chinese character (common character) at the first level. This word was first seen in oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty. "Division" is an organizational unit of the ancient army, which is extended to the army. The "division" was the largest military establishment in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, with a large number of people, so the "division" was extended to the public. Later, it refers to the official name, and also refers to the name of the official post in charge of teaching people. It extends to the teacher, the person who has specialized technology or knowledge, and also extends to the model and model. It is also used as a verb to express imitation and learning. In addition, "teacher" is also used for honoring.

The original meaning of the word "teacher" varies due to the different understanding of different schools. After analyzing the ancient characters of "teacher", some people interpret its left side as "bow", the right side as "arrow shot at human foot", and the left and right sides together as "bow shot, arrow shot at human foot" (Kang Yin's Brief Introduction to the Origin of Characters). From this perspective, the first impression of the word "division" should be the military power formed by the power of bow and arrow. In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the largest military establishment was the "division", with 2500 troops in one division.

Some oracle bone inscriptions with the word "Shi" are interpreted as the vertical placement of the word "Qiu" in the oracle bone inscriptions, and the word "Qiu" in the oracle bone inscriptions is written as "Figure A". Some people explained that the ancient army would camp on expeditions, often relying on hills. Therefore, the concept of "division" was expressed in the form of "hill".

The word "Shi" in the inscriptions on gold has inherited the form of the oracle bone inscriptions. In fact, there are already the forms of gold inscriptions such as Figure 4 and 5 in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and the word "Yuan" is added next to the word "". In ancient times, this "yuan" means "people", that is, the word "Za", and also means "Zhou" and "Huan". There are many meanings for the army to gather together. The characters in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties are also called "yuan". The character "shi" in the small seal character is based on the form of gold characters, and the font structure has not changed much. When Chinese characters are simplified, the left part "" is simplified to one vertical and one apostrophe.

The army is composed of units at all levels. When deploying and fighting, it acts as the whole organizational unit, so the division word is extended to the military organizational unit. "Zhou Li · Local Officials · Little Situ": "Five people are in the army, five five are in the army, four are in the army, five are in the brigade, five are in the division, and five are in the army." The organizations at all levels of the army must have officers, so the word division is also used as the name of the commander of the 2500 troops. For example, "Zuo Zhuan · Eighteen Years of Chenggong": "The journey is not partial to the teacher." Du Yu notes: "The teacher is the commander of 2500 people." "The teacher" is also used as a verb, meaning expedition. For example, "Zhou Li · Local Officials · Governor": "If you are a citizen, you should learn from the field to perform service."

The military chief is the leader, commander and educator of soldiers, so the word "teacher" is also extended to the female teacher who taught noble women in ancient times. For example, "The Book of Songs · Zhou Nan · Ge Qin": "Speak to the teacher's family, and speak to the teacher." Mao Chuan: "Speak to me, too. Teacher, too. Ancient women teachers teach women's morality, women's speech, women's appearance, and women's skills." The teacher who teaches and educates people is also like that, so the word teacher is also extended to be a teacher. Military officers, female teachers and teachers should be the role models of the leaders and the educated, so the word "teacher" is also extended to be the role models and people who can follow.

5、 Fu

What is Fu?

Zhuge Changqing believes that Fu has the meaning of guiding and assisting. The emperor and prince's assistant teacher is Tai Fu.

Narration: [Volume VIII] [Human Resources Department] Fu

Xiang (assistant) also. From the human voice.

Explanatory notes

Xiangya. Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals. Zheng Bofu Wang. Note:. Fu, Xiangya. Jia Zi said. Fu, Fu Zhiyi. The ancient fake is the Fu character. If Yu laid the soil, it was also called Yu Fu's soil. It is also the nearby word of today. Such as all words attached to chopsticks. From people. 尃 Sound. The square meets the cut. Five.

Kangxi Dictionary

"Tang Yun", "Ji Yun", "Yun Hui", Fang Yuche, Yin Fu. Master, official name. In ancient times, the Son of Heaven had the Grand Master, the Grand Master, and the Grand Protector. Fu, Fu Zhide and Yi. "Poem · Da Ya" The king ordered Fu Yu to move his private. "Note" Fu Yu said that the two kings were in charge of affairs, which was called Zunzai. "Rites · Prince Wen's Son" is the name of the Tai Fu and the younger Fu to support him.

It is a pictophonetic character, which means "cultivating exotic flowers and plants", and is extended to "explaining exotic flowers and plants" and "imparting knowledge". "Person" and "尃" combine to mean "person who imparts knowledge". Teachers in the original sense can also be surnames.

Fu, in ancient times, especially refers to the teacher of the emperor or the son of the emperor or vassal. For example: Tai Fu; Young Fu is the person who teaches "Tao", that is, the way to achieve kingship and monarchy; There is no such good condition among the common people. The teacher who imparts skills and knowledge and the teacher who imparts moral and moral education are often assumed by one person, so they are called "teachers" in the common people.

太师、太傅、太保是帝王太子老师。

……诸葛长青

中华文化，博大精深。

尤其是太师、太傅、太保，成为中华文化独特的教育体系。

那么，什么是太师、太傅、太保呢？

诸葛长青研究认为，太师、太傅、太保，是辅佐太子的三位导师，帮助太子将来成为帝王后能够文治武功、安邦定国。

太师、太傅、太保是商周时候就设置的官职，用来辅佐帝王太子，当时称三公，又称古三公（以区分秦汉三公九卿中的三公）。

古三公是周朝官员序列里，职位最高的官员。三公在周朝时候的权利很大，在天子年幼的时候，可以代天子行使掌管治理天下的权利。

诸葛长青研究认为，太师、太傅、太保，是辅佐太子的三位导师，帮助太子将来成为帝王能够文治武功、安邦定国。

他们的基本职责是：

太师：辅导帝王太子学习安邦治国文化。

（诸葛长青：选择知识渊博的国士）

太傅：辅导帝王太子学习修身积德文化。

（诸葛长青：选择道德高尚的国士）

太保：辅导帝王太子学习文韬武略文化。

（诸葛长青：选择精通军事的国士）

这三人非常重要，是太子将来做帝王的重要辅佐力量。三个人的学问，足以确保国泰民安。

有的时候，如果国士综合素质全面，可能同时兼任三个作用，譬如姜太公、闻仲、管仲、李作车、张良等。

随着历史变革，太师、太傅、太保，成为一种一品官衔的荣耀，有帝王赐予帝王忠臣，给予这个封号，让他们全力帮扶辅佐太子（不需要授课）。

诸葛长青发现，厉害的帝王有“太师、太傅、太保”的辅助。这个十万分重要。

搜集部分资料，作为“太师、太傅、太保”研究资料。

一、关于太师、太傅、太保

什么是太师、太傅、太保？

诸葛长青研究认为：太师、太傅、太保，是辅佐太子的三位导师，帮助太子将来成为帝王后能够文治武功、安邦定国。

太师、太傅、太保是商周时候就设置的官职，用来辅佐帝王太子，当时称三公，又称古三公，以区分秦汉三公九卿中的三公。

古三公是周朝官员序列里，职位最高的官员。三公在周朝时候的权利很大，在天子年幼的时候，可以代天子行使掌管治理天下的权利。

诸葛长青研究认为，太师、太傅、太保，是辅佐太子的三位导师，帮助太子将来成为帝王能够文治武功、安邦定国。

宋史百官志载“太宰，一人。周武王时，周公旦始居之，掌邦治， 为六卿之首。秦、汉、魏不常置。晋初依《周礼》，备置三公。 三公之职，太师居首，景帝名师，故置太宰以代之。太宰， 盖古之太师也。殷纣之时，箕子为太师。周武王时，太公为太师。

周成王时，周公为太师；周公薨，毕公代之。汉西京初不置， 平帝始复置太师官，而孔光居焉。汉东京又废。魏世不置。晋既因太师而置太宰， 以安平王孚居焉。 ”如宋代赵普、文彦博等曾被加太师衔。

元史百官志曰“三公，太师、太傅、太保各一员，正一品，银印， 以道燮阴阳，经邦国。有元袭其名号，特示尊崇。太祖十二年， 以国王置太师一员。太宗即位，建三公，其拜罢岁月，皆不可考。 世祖之世，其职常缺，而仅置太保一员。至成宗、武宗而后， 三公并建，而无虚位矣。” 掌佐天子，理阴阳，经邦弘化，其职至重。无定员，无专授。 ” “太师、太傅、太保为三公。正一品。

初沿明制，大臣有授公、孤者。嗣定为兼官、 加官及赠官”。 太师和太子太师的区别 太师属“三公”之列 隋唐时“三公”为太尉、司徒、司空；太师 太傅 太保为“三师”。

根据旧唐书 新唐书记载唐初设有东宫“三师三少”，“三师” 为贞观11年复置。宋朝复称“三公”但并未设“三孤”。明时复置“三孤”。太子太师属“东宫三师”为名义上的太子老师。

明史官职志载“太师、太傅、太保为三公，正一品少师、少傅、 少保为三孤，从一品掌佐天子，理阴阳，经邦弘化，其职至重。 无定员，无专授。”“太子太师、太子太傅、太子太保， 并从一品掌以道德辅导太子，而谨护翼之。太子少师、太子少傅、 太子少保，并正二品掌奉太子以观三公之道德而教谕焉。”可见太师和太子太师不是一回事，太子太师也不能简称太师，观元 明 清三朝太师都是正一品衔而太子太师只有从一品衔。

三、太

什么是太？

诸葛长青研究认为：在做人做事做学问等方面处于最高级别的称为“太”。譬如：太师、太傅、太保，太太，太上皇、皇太后，太公主等。

太：tài。 《说文解字》：“大，天大、地大、人亦大。故大象人形"。太从大加一点。人最开张之形为大之范式。大下加点为太之范式。

四、师

什么是师？

诸葛长青研究认为：师，来自于古代帝王军队（2500人为1师），后来因为管理师的长官有教育训练“师”的职责，慢慢演变成为“教师”。帝王太子的老师就是太师。

有关资料显示：师（拼音：sh）是汉语一级通用规范汉字（常用字）。此字始见于商代甲骨文。 “师”为古代军队的一种编制单位，由此引申指军队。 “师”在商周时代属于最大的军队编制，人数众多，故“师”又引申为众人。后转指官名，又专指掌教民之事的官职名称，引申指教师，掌握专门技术或知识的人，还引申指模范、楷模。也作动词用，表示效法、学习。另外“师”还作尊称用。

“师”字的本义因各家对字形的理解不同而说法不一。分析“师”的古文字，有人把其左边理解为“弓”，右边理解为“矢射中人足”，左右合起来理解为“弓发，矢射中人足”（康殷《文字源流浅说》）。从这个角度理解，“师”字给人们的第一感受当是由弓矢之威形成的军队之威。商周时代军队的最大编制为“师”，一师有2500人。

“师”字的甲骨文有的解释为甲骨文“丘”字的立放，甲骨文的“丘”写作“图A”。有的解释说古代军队远征会扎营，往往依靠着山丘扎营，因此以“丘”的立放来表示军队“师”这个概念。

金文的“师”字承袭了甲骨文形体，实际在殷商甲骨文中已经有图4、5一类的金文形体，是在“”的旁边增加了一个“帀”字。这个“帀”在古代表示“众”的意思，即“匝”字，又是周、环绕的意思，军队聚在一起有众多之意。春秋战国秦汉文字亦作“帀”，小篆的“师”字以金文形体为基础，字体结构没有发生太大变化。汉字简化时将左部“”简化为一竖一撇。

军队由各级单位组成，布署作战时以整个编制单位进行动，故师字引申为军队编制单位。 《周礼·地官·小司徒》：“五人为伍，五伍为两，四两为卒，五卒为旅，五旅为师，五师为军。”军队的各级组织必有长官，故师字又用为军队中二千五百人编制单位的长官之称。如《左传·成公十八年》：“旅不偏师。”杜预注：“师，二千五百人之帅也。”“师”又用为动词，义为征伐。如《周礼·地官·州长》：“若作民而师田行役之事。”

军事长官是兵士的领导者、指挥者、教育者，故师字又引申为古代教导贵族女子的女教师。如《诗经·周南·葛覃》：“言告师氏，言告言归。”毛传：“言，我也。师，女师也。古者女师教以妇德、妇言、妇容、妇功。”教书育人的先生亦与之类象，故师字又引申为老师。军事长官、女教师、老师应该是被领导者和被教育者的榜样，故师字又引申为榜样、可以效法的人。

五、傅

什么是傅？

诸葛长青研究认为，傅，具有引导辅佐的含义。帝王太子辅佐老师就是太傅。

说文解字：【卷八】【人部】傅

相（辅佐）也。从人尃声。

说文解字注

相也。左传。郑伯傅王。注曰。傅，相也。贾子曰。傅，傅之德义。古假为敷字。如禹敷土，亦作禹傅土是也。亦为今之附近字。如凡言附箸是也。从人。尃声。方遇切。五部。

康熙字典

《唐韵》《集韵》《韵会》方遇切，音付。师傅，官名。古者天子有太师，大傅，太保，为三公。傅，傅之德义也。 《诗·大雅》王命傅御，迁其私人。 《笺》傅御者，贰王治事，谓冢宰也。 《礼·文王世子》立太傅，少傅以养之。

是形声字，从人，声尃(f)，尃也表意，意为“培育奇花异草”，引申为“讲解奇花异草”、“传授知识”。 “人”与“尃”联合起来表示“传授知识的人”。本义教师，也可做姓氏。

傅，古时特指帝王的相或帝王、诸侯之子的老师 。如：太傅；少傅，是传授“道”的，也就是传授成就王道、帝王之道的人；在百姓中则没有那么好的条件，往往是将传授技能、知识的师与传授品德、道德教育的傅一起由一人承担，所以在民间就一并称为“师傅”。

 (This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

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往期精选文章

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1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向