Where is the only number one paper retained in the country?

The only number one volume retained in the country:

The volume of the number one scholar handed down through the ages, Zhao Bingzhong, Qingzhou, Shandong Province

The champion is the product of the imperial examination system. In ancient society, the number one scholar was the dream of many scholars. How proud and glorious it is to become famous all over the world! China's imperial examination system was founded in the middle of the Sui Dynasty and abolished at the end of the Qing Dynasty. It has a history of 1300 years. It has produced more than 700 number one winners, with more than 620 people on record, including He Zhizhang, Wang Wei, Liu Gongquan of the Tang Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang of the Song Dynasty, Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty, and Weng Tonghe of the Qing Dynasty. However, due to various reasons, there is only one number one ink test paper of the number one winner that has been handed down so far in the country, That is the first prize volume of Zhao Bingzhong Palace Examination in the Ming Dynasty, the treasure of the town and the national first-class cultural relics collected by the Qingzhou Museum in Shandong Province. At the Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Exhibition co-organized by our newspaper, this precious number one scroll was first presented to the audience in Quancheng.

Qingzhou talents are upright

Since ancient times, Qingzhou has been a place where many outstanding and talented people have come out. There have been six number one winners, including Zhao Bingzhong, the author of the number one winner volume. Zhao Bingzhong (1573-1626 AD), known as Jiqing and Qiyang, was born in a family of officials in Zhengmu Village, Qingzhou. Influenced by his family, he was diligent and studious since childhood, and read the four books and five classics of the Confucian classics. He was brilliant and stood out in the provincial, government and hospital examinations. At the age of 15, he was a student of the Imperial College and a 24-year-old candidate for the imperial examination. In the 26th year of Wanli (1589 AD), he took part in the imperial examination at the age of 25, and won the first place in the first place in the imperial examination. At the age of 30, he served as a co-examiner in the imperial examination. At the age of 39, he was promoted to the commoner's son and passed the imperial examination in the south of the Yangtze River. He selected many pillars for the country, and later promoted to the Ministry of Rites.

Zhao Bingzhong is very upright and fearless of authority. It is said that at that time, Liu Yi, a supervisor of the school, was strict in temperament. When he was presiding over the exam in Changle County, a candidate was severely punished for holding a copy in his shoes for cheating. From then on, it was stipulated that all candidates stood barefoot in the snow waiting for admission. When Zhao Bingzhong took the exam at the age of 15, he was furious about this regulation, and resolutely walked up to the stage and asked Liu Yi, "Why is everyone involved because of one person's misbehavior? Is this the entry rule for the sages to test and select talents?" After hearing this, Liu Yi abolished this regulation.

However, after Zhao Bingzhong was the No. 1 Scholar in high school and entered the official career, his upright personality was not allowed by the eunuch Wei Zhongxian, who was expert in court affairs and framed dissidents. In 1624 (the fourth year of Tianqi), Minister Yang Lian wrote a letter to impeach Wei Zhongxian, listing the 24 major crimes of Wei Zhongxian. The next year, Miao Changqi was framed by Wei Zhongxian and sentenced to death. Wei Zhongxian asked Zhao Bingzhong, but Zhao Bingzhong ignored him. Wei Zhongxian hated his guts and repeatedly said bad things about him in front of Xi Zong. Xizong said, "Don't you mean the man who wears a short robe to preach? I think that man is loyal and ready to use him!" Later, Zhao Bingzhong saw that the regime was changing, and Wei Zhongxian was persecuting again and again, so he wrote many times to ask for leave, and got Xizong's consent. However, shortly after returning to his hometown, he was cut off by the imperial court with an unwarranted charge. After that, the Wei Party became more and more arrogant, and the regime became more unmanageable. Zhao Bingzhong died of resentment in 1626. In the early years of Chongzhen, the court rehabilitated him, restored the original official, added the crown prince, and buried him according to the minister's etiquette.

The secret files of the court spread among the people

According to expert appraisal, the paper, silk, characters and seals of the first prize roll of Zhao Bingzhong's palace examination are all original materials of the Ming Dynasty. Before that, the examination paper of the hall of the Ming Dynasty in China had not been found. Therefore, the examination paper of the hall of Zhao Bingzhong, who won the first prize in the examination, became the only one at home and abroad. The discovery of the imperial examination paper filled the gap in the imperial archives of the Ming Dynasty in China and provided authentic and reliable data for the study of China's imperial examination system.

The number one scroll of the imperial examination in ancient China is generally collected in the court as an important file. Anyone who takes it out of the court without permission will destroy the nine families. However, due to the change of dynasties, continuous wars and foreign aggression, the number one scroll in the imperial court has been lost. Zhao Bingzhong's number one scroll was collected in the hands of his descendants before being obtained by the Qingzhou Museum, and has always been regarded as the treasure of his family. It has been carefully collected and never hidden. From the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty to the present, after more than 400 years of ups and downs, the number one scroll remains intact. So, how did the first prize volume of Zhao Bingzhong's palace exam leave the court? Later generations can only speculate about this problem. The most important reason should be that Zhao Bingzhong was afraid that Wei Zhongxian would frame himself with the argument on the number one paper, so he secretly took out his palace examination paper before returning to his hometown, so the number one paper passed down from generation to generation. Finally, the number one scroll was donated to Qingzhou Museum in 1983 by Zhao Huanbin, the 13th grandson of Zhao Bingzhong, and became the treasure of the museum.

According to Zhao Huanbin, the number one scroll is the heirloom of his family, and generations have regarded it more important than life. Especially during the Cultural Revolution, many of the relics of the number one champion were destroyed. It was the old man Zhao Huanbin who had an extra mind and hid the number one champion roll in the pillow and put it under his head every day.

Elegant and incomparable flavor

The number one volume is a 19-fold volume, with a total height of 47.6 cm and a width of 14.1 cm per fold. It is framed with three layers of rice paper, and its cover and back cover are all framed in silk. The two volumes with different contents are displayed in different book styles. The Song typeface of the first sentence is square, round and vigorous, while the regular script of the second sentence is elegant and elegant, empty and graceful. It is an eight-part essay of 2460 characters. The writing is smooth and neat, and the font is meaningful. There is no alteration or misprint in the full text, and it is completed at one go. At the end of the beautiful article, the official positions and names of nine reviewers, such as Shaobao and the Crown Prince, the Minister of the Ministry of Public Affairs, and Zhang Wei, the Great Scholar of the Hall of Wu Yingdian, are signed successively. At the bottom of the top of the album, there is a huge vertical "Mifeng Pass"; On the top, there is the absolute imperial approval of the red pen - "the first and the first".

From the perspective of calligraphy, style of writing, layout, charm and talent, this number one scroll is a classic! Zhao Bingzhong's writing skill between the lines is amazing. From the beginning to the end, it is like flowing clouds and flowing water. It is arbitrary, and there is no deliberate preparation. This is the work of the proposition within the time limit in the examination room. It is not easy to achieve this level. And the scribe's handwriting is not inferior. From his calligraphy, we can see that the ancients attached great importance to cultural quality and cultivation.

A profound and simple way to express talents

What exactly did Zhao Bingzhong write on the test paper, the number one champion who has defeated Qunfang?

During the palace examination, the emperor decided that the title was "Ask the Emperor's Politics and the Emperor's Heart". This question is very clear. It requires the respondents to answer the question of how to govern and what kind of ideology to guide the ruling from the standpoint of the emperor. Zhao Bingzhong stuck to the question in the answer sheet and answered it straight to the point. In order to govern the country harmoniously and prosperously, the emperor should have solid governance and solid governance. In the present words, there must be practical governance methods and practical governance ideas. Then, he explained this way of governing the country and the thought of governing the country, carefully summarized the experience and lessons of the emperors in the past dynasties, pointed out the shortcomings of the times, and put forward ten suggestions for governing the country. He is well-founded and sincere in his words. Starting from the summary of history and the social reality at that time, he is not afraid to offend the majesty of the emperor, reflecting his great talent and strategy. This is very valuable in China's feudal society. He answered the emperor's questions with practical and solid statements, which made the emperor's Long Yan very happy, and the Zhu Bi set the "first and first place", that is, the number one scholar, and became the 47th number one scholar in the Ming Dynasty.

Chinese treasures returned to Zhao

After the number one scroll was collected in Qingzhou Museum in 1983, the museum gained a great reputation, and visitors from home and abroad came in an endless stream. But no one expected that in early August 1991, this national first-class cultural relic, known as the treasure of the museum town, disappeared. The ability to infiltrate the first-level cultural relics warehouse accurately shows that the thieves are very familiar with the warehouse and cultural relics. The police analyzed that this must be a case of theft or collusion inside and outside. After investigation and inquiry, a key suspect was found - Lin Chuntao, the security officer of the Qingzhou Museum at that time. While the police were monitoring, Lin Chuntao lied about going to the toilet and escaped in the dark. Later, before the cultural relics were released, the public security personnel fought for eight days and nine nights, and traveled thousands of miles, finally recovered the first prize and returned to Zhao. The thief was sentenced to death.

It has been 16 years since the first prize roll was lost and recovered. It is not only an indispensable documentary basis for studying Zhao Bingzhong, a historical figure, but also a valuable material for studying the political system and imperial examination system of the Ming Dynasty. It is also a precious art treasure. People can go to the Shandong Provincial Museum to witness the style of the first prize scroll.

 全国唯一留存的状元卷：

千古流传状元卷 山东青州赵秉忠

 　状元，是科举制度的产物。在古代社会，中状元是众多读书人的梦想。一举成名天下知，那是何等的自豪和荣耀！中国的科举制度从隋朝中期创立，到清朝末年废除，有着１３００年的历史，曾产生出７００多名状元，有案可查者６２０余名，包括唐朝的贺知章、王维、柳公权，宋代的文天祥，明代的杨慎，清代的翁同龢等，但由于种种原因，流传至今的状元墨迹试卷，在全国却只有一份，那就是山东省青州市博物馆珍藏的镇馆之宝、国家一级文物——明朝赵秉忠殿试状元卷。在本报参与协办的山东省文物精品大展上，这张珍贵的状元卷首次展现在泉城观众面前。
　　青州才子　秉性刚直
　　青州自古以来就是一个人杰地灵、才俊辈出的地方，前后共出过六位状元，其中就包括状元卷的作者赵秉忠。赵秉忠（公元１５７３年－１６２６年），字季卿，号其阳，出生在青州郑母村的一个官宦之家，因受家庭影响，自幼勤奋好学，熟读儒家经典四书五经，才华横溢，在乡试、府试、院试中脱颖而出。１５岁补府学生，２４岁中举人，明万历二十六年（公元１５８９年），他２５岁参加殿试，一举考取第一甲第一名，中了状元，３０岁任会试同考官，３９岁升庶子，典试江南，为国家选拔了不少栋梁之材，后升礼部尚书。

　　赵秉忠秉性十分刚直，不畏权威。据说当时有一位督学佥刘毅性情严厉，由于在昌乐县主持考试时，有个考生为作弊把小抄夹在鞋子里，受到重罚，从此规定考生都赤脚立雪中等候入场。赵秉忠１５岁参加考试时，对此规定气愤不过，毅然走上台阶质问刘毅：“为什么因一人行为不端就连累所有人呢？难道这就是贤者考选人才的入门规矩吗？”刘毅听后，便废除这一规定。
　　但赵秉忠高中状元、步入仕途后，其刚正的个性却为专擅朝政、陷害异己的宦官魏忠贤所不容。１６２４年（天启四年）大臣杨涟上书弹劾，列举魏忠贤二十四大罪状，草疏者即赵秉忠门生缪昌期。次年，缪昌期受魏忠贤陷害，下狱论死。魏忠贤责问赵秉忠，赵秉忠不予理睬。魏忠贤恨之入骨，屡次在熹宗面前说他的坏话。熹宗说：“你说的不就是那个穿短袍讲经的人吗？我看那人忠心耿耿，正准备重用他呢！”后来赵秉忠看到朝政日非，魏忠贤又不断迫害，于是多次上书请求告退，得到熹宗同意。但回乡不久，就被朝廷以莫须有的罪名削官。其后魏党越来越嚣张，朝政更加不可收拾。１６２６年赵秉忠愤懑而死。崇祯初年，朝廷为他平反，恢复原官，加太子太保，按大臣礼节重葬。
　　朝堂密档　流传民间
　　据专家鉴定，赵秉忠殿试状元卷的纸张、绫子、文字、图章等都是明代原物。在此之前，我国明代殿试卷尚未发现过，因此，赵秉忠考中状元的这份殿试卷便成了海内外孤本，弥足珍贵。殿试卷的发现，填补了中国明代宫廷档案的空白，为研究中国的科举制度提供了真实可靠的资料。
　　中国古代的殿试状元卷，一般都作为重要档案收藏于宫廷之中，任何人私自携带出宫廷都要灭门九族。但由于改朝换代、战火连绵以及外国侵略，历代存于宫廷中的状元卷都已佚失。赵秉忠的状元卷，在青州博物馆征得之前，收藏在其后人手中，并一直被视为传家之宝，悉心珍藏，从来秘不示人。从明代万历年间到现在，历经４００多年的风雨沧桑，状元卷依然保存完好。那么，赵秉忠殿试状元卷是如何流出宫廷的？这一问题，后人只能推测了。最重要的原因应该是，赵秉忠因怕魏忠贤以状元卷上的争论为把柄对自己加以陷害，所以告老还乡之前将自己的殿试卷子偷偷拿出带回，于是，状元卷就一代代流传下来。最后，状元卷于１９８３年由赵秉忠第１３代孙赵焕彬捐献给青州博物馆，成为其镇馆之宝。
　　据赵焕彬老人说，这状元卷是他们家的传家宝，一辈辈人把它看得比生命还重要。特别是在文革时期，状元的很多遗物都被毁了，是赵焕彬老人多了一个心眼，将状元卷藏在了枕头中，天天枕在头下，才幸免于难。
　　清雅绝伦　气息高古
　　这份状元卷为十九折册页，通高４７．６厘米，每折宽１４．１厘米，三层宣纸装裱，封面、封底全绫装裱，以不同书体昭示着内容迥异的上下两阕。上阕的宋体，方正圆润，舒展苍劲，下阕的小楷，清雅绝伦，虚和婉丽，是一篇２４６０字的八股文，行文流畅工整，字体隽永，全文无一处涂改，无一处错字别字，一气呵成。美文的篇末，依次署着少保兼太子太保、吏部尚书、武英殿大学士张位等九名阅卷官的官职和姓名。册页之首的下方，赫然盖着竖长硕大的“弥封关防”；上方，则是朱笔顶天的浑然御批——“第一甲第一名”。
　　从书法、文风、布局、神韵、才情来看，这份状元卷都堪称经典！赵秉忠在字里行间的书写功夫让人惊叹，从开始到结束，如行云流水，恣意纵横，没有刻意准备，这是在考场上限制时间内的命题之作，能到如此程度，实属不易。而评卷官所写之批记的功夫也毫不逊色，从其书法功夫上足可见古人对文化素养、修养的重视。
　　深入浅出　雄才大略
　　赵秉忠这位力压群芳的头名状元，他在卷子上到底写了些什么内容？
　　殿试时，皇上钦定的题目是《问帝王之政和帝王之心》。这个题目非常明确，就是要求答卷人站在帝王的立场上，回答如何执政和用什么样的思想指导执政的问题。赵秉忠在答卷中紧扣题目，开门见山地回答，帝王执掌国家政权，要把国家治理得和谐兴旺，就必须有实政和实心，用现在的话讲，就是必须有切实可行的治国办法和切实可行的治国思想。接着，他对这种治国办法和治国思想作了解释，认真总结历代帝王治国的经验教训，并针砭时弊，提出了治国安邦的十条建议。有理有据，言辞恳切，从总结历史和当时的社会现实出发，不怕冒犯皇上的威严，反映了他的雄才大略。这在中国的封建社会中是非常难能可贵的。他用实政和实心的论述回答了皇帝的策问，使皇帝龙颜大悦，朱笔钦定“第一甲第一名”，即状元，一举成为明朝第４７位状元。
　　华夏瑰宝　完璧归赵
　　状元卷于１９８３年收藏在青州博物馆后，该馆名声大振，国内外前来参观的人络绎不绝。但谁也没有想到，１９９１年８月初，被称为该馆镇馆之宝的这件国家一级文物不翼而飞。能准确地潜入一级文物库房，说明盗贼对库房及文物非常熟悉。警方分析这肯定是一起监守自盗或内外勾结的案件。经排查和询问，发现了一个重点嫌疑人——当时青州博物馆的保卫干事林春涛，就在警方实施监控时，林春涛谎称上厕所，趁夜色逃跑了。后来，在文物尚未出手之时，公安人员奋战８天９夜，奔波万里，终于追回了状元卷，完璧归赵，盗窃者被判死刑。

　　状元卷失而复得已经１６年了，它不仅是研究赵秉忠这位历史人物必不可少的文献依据，也是研究明代的政治制度、科举制度的宝贵资料，更是一件珍贵的艺术珍宝。人们可到山东省博物馆亲眼目睹这件状元卷的风采。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

Click the article title to view

往期精选文章

点击文章标题查看

1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向