Zeng Guofan's Team Secret II

Talent shogunate

Zhuge Changqing

Cultivate one's moral integrity, unify one's family, govern the country, and level the world

China · Winners Club http://q.blog.sina.com.cn/chgyzh

The majesty of the Eastern Dragon Emperor!

Zeng Guofan fought all over the world with both civil and military skills. Wu is his Hunan army, Wen is his shogunate. Zeng Guofan runs his business from the world's perspective. He attracts, trains and recommends talents. According to incomplete statistics, 47 people came from Zeng Guofan's staff and then became officials of the third grade, and 33 people went to the governor, including one academician, one military aircraft minister, and one academician on duty. They are like the "seeds" sown by Zeng Guofan, blooming and bearing fruit behind them one after another

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Zeng Guofan is well aware that talent is the foundation of the world.

Therefore, he attracts, trains and recommends talents. Sometimes it's not at all to be cheated by fake talents.

His love for talent has attracted countless talents and elites.

Zuo Zongtang, Li Hongzhang and others are representatives of his elite disciples.

The elite is famous because of Zeng Guofan's success, and Zeng Guofan is also famous because of talents.

For the sake of others, Zeng Guofan also studied the "face art" seriously, and could see through his life to the people he met. This knowledge has been handed down and is called "Ice Book".

Zeng Guofan once set up a special talent recruitment agency. After personal inspection, inquiry and judgment, as long as they are good talents, all of them will be retained. After several years, he will try to recommend foreign senior officials. So Li Hongzhang and others admired him. The administrative offices of Zeng Guofan's shogunate can be divided into two categories: military affairs and food and salaries.

There are more than ten military and political offices, and their functions can be divided into the following categories.

（1） The secretary team includes counselors and various copywriters around Zeng Guofan. Zeng Guofan called it the "shogunate", and the author named it the Secretariat. It not only occupies the primary position in the military and political offices, but also is the nerve center of the whole shogunate and even the former Hunan army. Zeng Guofan's report to the superior, the instructions of the lower level, the communication and negotiation between the front and the right, and the adjustment of internal relations are all carried out through this organization. The specific work of the Secretariat is mainly to draft consultation, letters, letters and notes, manage documents and archives, with clear division of labor and specific responsibilities. In addition, he sometimes helped Zeng Guofan to make suggestions, investigate and deal with important events. Because of the important nature of the work of the secretaries and the closest relationship with Zeng Guofan, they have the highest status and the most generous treatment among the staff. People who are close to him and have prominent status, such as Zuo Zongtang, Li Hongzhang, Qian Yingpu, Liu Rong, Guo Songtao and so on, have held positions. In addition to being "faithful and reliable", the Secretariat should also be familiar with government affairs and have excellent literary skills, especially those who draft memorials. And these people are often the easiest to get insurance and the earliest to get shortage, which is beyond the reach of other personnel.

（2） Ideological and cultural institutions, including the Editorial Bureau and the Zhongyi Bureau. The full name of the Loyalty Bureau is the Loyalty Interview Bureau, also known as the Loyalty Interview Section. Its main task is to interview the "officials and gentry who died and died in battle" for the Qing Dynasty in the war, summarize the deeds, and ask Zeng Guofan to set up special shrines and workshops to support ethics and maintain decency. In fact, this was Zeng Guofan's ideological and political work for the feudal landlord class. The staff of the bureau mainly include Chen Ai, Fang Zongcheng, Wang Han, etc. The main task of the Editorial Bureau is to publish famous books. Among them, many famous scholars, such as Luo Ruhuai, Mo Youzhi, Wang Shiduo, Li Shanlan, Zhang Wenhu and Liu Yusong, have been included in the "Literary Garden" and other biographies of the "Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty".

（3） Military and intelligence agencies, including the Battalion Office and the Acquisition and Compilation Office. The battalion office is slightly like the staff department in today's military, but its positions and powers are slightly different. Its conditions of employment are both civil and military. Shen Baozhen, Li Rong, Li Yuandu, Luo Xuan and others have all served in it. The collection and compilation institute mainly includes Zhang Dejian, Zou Hanzhang, Cheng Fenghuang and others. Its main task is to collect and sort out the strategic information of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom through surrender, refugees and reconnaissance activities, and then compile the book "Collection of Thieves".

（4） Judiciary. Shortly after Zeng Guofan arrived in Changsha at the beginning of the third year of Xianfeng's reign, he approved to set up a case investigation bureau in the government office of the regimental training minister, and wantonly hunted and killed Hunan people who were suspected of anti-Qing activities. In handling cases, the Judicial Bureau abolished all judicial procedures, and no evidence was needed for conviction. According to the words of the group gentry, people could be killed. It is a shogunate institution set up immediately after the Secretariat, and Liu Jiande and Li Yunguan who undertook the case also became the first group of staff. After Zeng Guofan's "Eastern Expedition", the case investigation bureau was renamed the hair examination bureau and became a permanent institution in the shogunate. In case of any case, it was handed over to the hair examination committee for trial. During this period, most of the crimes committed in the army were tried, such as the case of Wan Ruishu robbing the grain table and the case of Li Jinyang's "connecting thieves". During Zeng Guofan's tenure as governor of Zhili, in order to clear up the accumulated lawsuits over the years and handle the Tianjin religious cases, he has set up a trial bureau to hear the cases. The persons who have served in the Bureau mainly include Zhang Chengshi, Li Xingrui, Pang Jiyun, Sun Changfu, Wu Rulun, etc. During the northern campaign against Nien in the fourth year of Tongzhi's reign, Zeng Guofan, following the "Qing bandits" approach of Hunan Province, sent a large number of polder inspectors to check the polder in the areas of Mongolia and Bo, the hometown of the Nien army, in order to rectify and rebuild the local grass-roots regime, stabilize social order, and cut off the links between the local gentry and the Nien army. The polder inspector has the power of life and death. In accordance with Zeng Guofan's order, they promoted, promoted and rewarded all the gentry who were close to the Hunan army, regardless of whether they had been from Miao to Nian in the past. They also removed and punished all the gentry who were unwilling to use them, even if they had not been from Miao to Nian, and even more severely arrested and killed some people who returned to Nian or were associated with the Nian army. In order to catch more and kill more, Zeng Guofan decided the merits and demerits of the members of the investigation committee by killing more. Those who killed more were greatly encouraged and those who were merciless were severely reprimanded. Many people began to cringe, and after being reprimanded, they acted boldly and indiscriminately, thus becoming "capable members".

（5） Aftermath institutions include the General Administration of Aftermath and the Youth League Training, Baojia, Land Property and Pension Bureau. After the Hunan army captured Anqing and Jiangning, Zeng Guofan successively set up a general bureau of rehabilitation in the two places, including regimental training, Baojia, farm produce, rice grain, bullets, gunpowder, and pension bureaus to maintain order, check farm produce, collect money and grain, supply military supplies, and relieve the victims. Wan Qichen, Li Rong and others are in charge of this institution. Zeng Guofan's food and wage organization is divided into two systems: supply and fund-raising. The supply system includes the grain platform, reimbursement bureau and military enterprises. Grain platforms are divided into operating grain platforms, transit grain platforms and rear grain platforms. Their overall task is to be responsible for the supply of grain rates and various military supplies, while different grain platforms have different specific tasks and work characteristics. The operational grain platform, also known as the supporting grain platform, is mainly responsible for the supply of the front-line forces. It generally acts together with Zeng Guofan's Hunan army camp. Sometimes, according to the needs of the war situation, it often sets up a branch grain station or a former enemy support station outside the main grain station, such as Qimen Grain Station (also known as Shannei Grain Station), Wuwei Grain Station (also known as Jiangbei Grain Station), Xuzhou Grain Station, Anqing Silver Money Support Station, etc., to solve the supply problem of a certain army or several armies in the front line nearby. In fact, these grain platforms also belong to marketing grain platforms. The operators of the Grain Platform mainly include Li Hanzhang, Zhang Shaonan, Sui Cangzhu, Wang Yanchang, Li Xingrui, Li Honghui, Li Zuoshi, etc.

There are three main ways for Zeng Guofan to cultivate talents: reading, training and teaching by words and deeds.

In the exhortation order specially formulated for the staff, he stipulated that anyone who entered the shogunate must learn one thing from the four things of military, politics, salary and culture, and combine with the actual situation to increase their ability. There are two ways to learn: learning from the ancient and learning from the present. To learn from the ancient, you should read more books, and to learn from the present, you should find more examples and consult more people. He pays special attention to the secretaries around him. He not only often talks with people individually, but also prescribes courses and takes regular examinations if conditions permit.

At the same time, he also used his spare time to talk about the past and the present and impart his reading experience and practical experience to his staff. For the staff who are not around, they mainly enlighten and impart knowledge and experience through letters and letters, combining with practical matters.

In the direction of training, Zeng Guofan also paid attention to teaching students according to their aptitude and trained them according to their characteristics. Some people, such as Zhang Yuzhao, have a good literary foundation, but are not suitable for being an official. Zeng Guofan ordered him to specialize in literature for development. Wu Rulun, Xue Fucheng and Li Shuchang, the other three of his so-called "Four Disciples of Literature", were also trained in literature by Zeng Guofan, but their requirements were somewhat different from those of Zhang Yuzhao. On the issue of training talents, Zeng Guofan is really painstaking and tireless all his life. Many staff members were moved by him and worshipped him as their teacher. For example, Zhao Liewen entered the scene at the beginning of the sixth year of Xianfeng, and entered the scene again in the eleventh year of Xianfeng. In the fourth year of Tongye, he began to worship teachers and changed his address. This shows that he is serious, not rash and flattering. There are so many talents in Zeng Guofan's staff. For most of them, they are probably inseparable from Zeng Guofan's education and training.

However, among Zeng Guofan's staff, the largest number of people and the most influential were political personnel.

Some of them live in the main cities, and some of them hold the position of the frontier alone. For a time, they have formed a situation of "famous officials and officials, half out of their doors" [14]. According to incomplete statistics, there are 47 people who came from Zeng Guofan's staff and then went to the third rank, and 33 people who went to the governor, including one academician, one military aircraft minister, and one academician on duty. They are like the "seeds" planted by Zeng Guofan, which have blossomed and borne fruit behind them. As a result, the employment, administration, national defense, and diplomacy of the late Qing Dynasty were all branded with Zeng Guofan's ideological and political brand, and for a time, a general mood was formed, affecting the entire political situation.

This kind of Hunan and Huai military system, especially the situation that Zeng Guofan's staff members presided over important political affairs everywhere, had appeared when Zeng Guofan was alive, but became more obvious in Guangxu years. As far as the local governors, who had the greatest real power, were concerned, at that time, there were only eight officers in charge of the army and government, except for the two governors of the river and the water. From the first year to the tenth year of Guangxu's reign, there were 18 people in the country, including 12 officials from the Hunan-Huaihe Department and 6 former staff of Zeng Guofan, accounting for one third of the total. In the three to four years of Guangxu's reign, the situation was particularly prominent. Not only were the eight governors all of the officials of the Hunan-Huaihe Department, but also there were five former staff members of Zeng Guofan, accounting for nearly two-thirds of the total. This phenomenon is rare in the history of all dynasties. No wonder Xia Zhenwu, a scholar at the end of the Qing Dynasty, said: "For decades, all the practices of the government and the public have been the political and academic skills of Xiang Xiang."

 曾国藩的团队秘密之二

人才幕府

诸葛长青

修身、齐家、治国、平天下

中国·成功者俱乐部http://q.blog.sina.com.cn/chgyzh

 东方巨龙 帝王威风！

   曾国藩打天下，靠文武两手。武的是他的湘军，文的是他的幕府。曾国藩用天下眼光来经营他的事业，他吸引人才、培养人才、推荐人才，据不完全统计，出身曾国藩幕僚而后官至三品者达47人，位至督抚者33人，其中大学士一人，军机大臣一人，大学士入值军机者一人。他们就象曾国藩播下的“种子”，在其身后纷纷开花结果......

                        -------------题记

   曾国藩深知，人才是打天下的根本。

   所以，他吸引人才、培养人才、推荐人才。有时候被假人才骗了也在所不惜。

   他的爱才之心，吸引了无数的人才，吸引了无数的精英。

   左宗棠、李鸿章等都是他的精英门客代表。

    精英因为曾国藩飞黄腾达，曾国藩也因为人才名满天下。

   为了是别人，曾国藩还认真学习了“相面术”，对见面的人才能够看透他的人生。这门学问传了下来，名曰--《冰鉴》。

    曾国藩曾经专门设立人才招聘机构，经过亲自过目、询问、判断，只要是好的人才，全部留用，干几年后，尽量推荐外任高官。所以李鸿章等人队他敬佩万分。曾国藩幕府的办事机构，大体可以分为军政、粮饷两类。

   其军政办事机构有十余个，论其职能略分以下几种。

  （一）秘书班子，包括曾国藩身边的谋士和各类文案人员。曾国藩称之为“幕府”，而笔者则为其取名秘书处。它不仅在军政办事机构中居于首要地位，且是整个幕府乃至曾系湘军的神经中枢．曾国藩对上级的报告，下级的指令，前后左右的联络协商，内部关系的调整，都通过这个机构进行。秘书处的具体工作主要是草拟咨、札、函、奏，管理文书档案，分工明确，各有专责。另外，有时还帮助曾国藩出谋划策和调查、处理重要事件。由于秘书人员工作性质重要，且与曾国藩最为接近，故在幕僚中地位最尊，待遇最厚。同其关系密切而后地位显赫的人物，如左宗棠、李鸿章、钱应溥、刘蓉、郭嵩焘等都曾担任是职。秘书处的任职条件，除“忠实可靠”外，还须通晓政务，文学优长，尤其草拟奏章者必须上上之选，殊难物色。而这些人也往往得保最易，得缺最早，其他人员望尘莫及。

    (二)思想文化机构，包括编书局和忠义局。忠义局全名忠义采访局，也称忠义采访科，主要任务是采访在战争中为清王朝“阵亡殉难之官绅”，汇总事迹，由曾国藩奏请建立专祠、专坊，以扶持礼教，维持风化。实际上，这是曾国藩为封建地主阶级做的一件思想政治工作。该局工作人员主要有陈艾、方宗诚、汪翰等。编书局简称书局，主要任务是刊刻名籍。其中不少宿学名儒，如罗汝怀、莫友芝、汪士铎、李善兰、张文虎和刘毓崧父子，多入《清史稿》的《文苑》等传。

    (三)军事和情报机构，包括营务处和采编所。营务处略似今日军中之参谋部，而职权略有不同，其任职条件是文武兼资，沈葆桢、李榕、李元度、罗萱等都曾任职其中。采编所主要有张德坚、邹汉章、程奉璜等人，其主要任务是通过降人、难民和侦察活动收集和整理太平天国的战略情报，后来据以编成《贼情汇纂》一书。

    (四)司法机构。咸丰三年初曾国藩到长沙不久，就奏准在团练大臣衙内设立审案局，大肆捕杀有反清活动或嫌疑的湖南民众。审案局办案废除一切司法程序，定罪不要证据，只据团绅一言即可置人于死地。它是紧随秘书处之后设立的幕府机构，承办案件的刘建德、厉云官等人也成为最早的一批幕僚。曾国藩“东征”后审案局改名发审局，成为幕府中的常设机构，遇有案件，就交发审委员审理。这一时期大多审理军中犯案，如万瑞书抢粮台案,李金旸“通贼”案等。曾国藩担任直隶总督期间，为清理历年积讼和办理天津教案，都曾设立发审局审理案件。在发审局任职的人员，主要有张丞实、李兴锐、庞际云、孙长绂、吴汝纶等。同治四年北上剿捻期间，曾国藩曾仿照湖南“清匪”办法，派遣大批查圩委员赴捻军老家蒙、亳一带查圩，以整顿和重建地方基层政权，稳定社会秩序，割断当地绅民与捻军的联系。查圩委员握有生杀大权。他们按照曾国藩的条令，对一切靠拢湘军的士绅，不管过去是否从苗从捻，一律加以提拔、重用、奖励，对一切不愿为其所用的士绅，即使并未从苗从捻，也要加以撤任和惩办，对一些回乡捻众或同捻军有联系的人，更是大加捕—杀。曾国藩为了多捕多杀，对查圩委员以杀人多少定功过，多杀者大加鼓励，心慈手软者严厉斥责。不少人开始缩手缩脚，被斥后胆大妄为，滥捕滥杀，遂成“能员”。

   (五)善后机构，包括善后总局及团练、保甲、田产、抚恤等局。湘军攻占安庆和江宁之后，曾国藩曾先后在两地设立善后总局，下设团练、保甲、田产、米粮、子弹、火药、抚恤等局，以维持秩序，清查田产，催收钱粮，供应军需，救济灾民等。负责这一机构的是万启琛、李榕等人。曾国藩的粮饷筹办机构分为供应和筹款两个系统。供应系统包括粮台、报销局和军工企业。粮台分为行营粮台、中转粮台和后路粮台，其总的任务是负责粮饷及各种军需物资的供应，而不同的粮台则又有其不同的具体任务和工作特点。行营粮台又称支应粮台，主要负责前线各军的供应。它一般随曾国藩湘军大营一起行动，有时根据战争形势的需要，也常于行营总粮台之外另设分支粮台或前敌支应所，如祁门粮台(又名山内粮台)、无为粮台(又名江北粮台)、徐州粮台、安庆银钱支应所等，以就近解决前线某军或数军的供应问题。这些粮台实际上也属于行营粮台。行营粮台的经办人员主要有李瀚章、张韶南、隋藏珠、王延长、李兴锐、李鸿裔、李作士等。

    曾国藩培养人才的办法主要有三条：读书、历练、言传身教。

   他在专为幕僚拟定的劝诫条令中规定，凡入其幕府者，必于军、政、饷、文四事之中精习一事，并结合实际进行学习，增长才干。而学习又不外学古与学今两种途径，学古则多读书籍，学今则多找榜样，多向人请教。他对身边秘书人员抓得尤紧，不仅经常找人个别谈话，还在条件许可的情况下规定课程，定期考试。

   同时，他还利用茶余饭后之隙谈古论今，向幕僚传授自己的读书心得和实践经验。对于不在身边的幕僚，则主要通过书信和批札，结合实际事项进行开导，传授知识和经验。

 在培养方向上，曾国藩亦注意因材施教，根据各人的特点进行培养。有的人，如张裕钊文学基础很好，但不适于做官，曾国藩就令其专攻文学，以求发展。对其所谓“文学四弟子”中的其他三人吴汝伦、薛福成、黎庶昌，曾国藩也都在文学方面进行过培养，不过与张裕钊的要求有些不同而已。在培养人才问题上，曾国藩真可谓呕心沥血，终生不懈。不少幕僚受其感动，拜他为师。例如，赵烈文咸丰六年初入曾幕，咸丰十一年再次入幕，同冶四年始行拜师大礼，改变称呼。此足见其郑重其事，并非草率之举，阿谀之行。曾国藩幕僚中有如此众多的人才，对他们大多数来说，恐怕是同曾国藩的教育、培养分不开的。

    然曾国藩幕僚中人数最多、影响最大的是从政人员。

   他们有的身居要津，有的独任封疆，一时形成“名臣能吏，半出其门”[14]的局面。据不完全统计，出身曾国藩幕僚而后官至三品者达47人，位至督抚者33人，其中大学士一人，军机大臣一人，大学士入值军机者一人。他们就象曾国藩播下的“种子”，在其身后纷纷开花结果，致使清朝晚期的用人、行政、国防、外交无不打上曾国藩的思想政治烙印，一时形成风气，影响到整个政局。

    这种湘、淮军系统，尤其是曾国藩幕僚出身的官员到处主持要政的情况，曾国藩在世时已经出现，而到了光绪年间就变得更为明显。仅就掌握地方最大实权的各地总督而言，当时除河、漕二督外，主持军、政者只有八员。光绪元年至十年全国先后担任是职者共有18人，其中湘淮系官员12人，曾为曾国藩幕僚者即有6人，占总数的三分之一。而光绪三至四年则情况尤为突出，不仅八名总督全属湘淮系官员，且曾为曾国藩幕僚者竟有5名，占总数的将近三分之二。这种现象在历朝历史上都是不多见的。难怪清末文人夏震武会说：“数十年来朝野上下所施行，无一非湘乡之政术、学术也。”

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

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往期精选文章

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1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向