Graduation Table: the original text of Zhuge Liang's "Graduation Table"

Those who read the "Graduation Table" without shedding tears will be unfaithful. Those who read the "Chenqing Table" without shedding tears will be unfilial.

-----Zhuge Changqing

Zhuge Liang is a brilliant star in Chinese history. Politically, Xu Shu said that he "has the ability to manage the world and the land, and covers the whole world". He "knows three parts of the world before coming out of the hut". At the first sight of Liu Bei, he offered the great strategy of establishing the country "to reject Cao Cao in the north, marry Sun Quan outside, and cultivate political principles inside"; "to achieve hegemony, let Cao Cao occupy the sky in the north, let Sun Gong occupy the land in the south, and the general can occupy the peace". Out of the hut, he assisted Liu Yuzhou, who was under Liu Biao's fence, to "take Jingzhou first and then take Sichuan, and expand the scope of his skills to fill the sky", helping the "people in cloth", who only had the reputation of "the nobles of the Han Dynasty", to step up to the position of the monarch of Shu, who stood in a tripod with Cao Cao and Sun Quan.

Zhuge Liang also has a place in the ancient military art. "A well-controlled army, an incompetent general, cannot be defeated; a well-controlled army, a capable general, cannot be defeated. During the 27th Spring and Autumn Period of the Romance, he planned a strategy, fought for thousands of miles, exhausted his mind, and experienced hundreds of battles. He had the heart of Liu Bei, "Although the minister was confused, he could repay the kindness of the encounter". In the 11th year after his death, he was "bedridden and unwilling to eat." "The former emperor entrusted him with a heavy burden, for fear that others would not be as devoted as me." Six times out of Qi Mountain, he experienced the hardships of the Northern Expedition; Before and after leaving the school, "it's a tearful sight!". Even after his death, he scared Sima Yi away with a wooden statue; Leave behind a brilliant plan to kill the counter-general Wei Yan. He really realized his life intention of "making every effort to die".

Zhuge Liang's great personality shows the significance and aesthetic ideal of the Chinese culture, and he has become a model of life for the world behind him. His "feather fan and silk scarf, while talking and laughing, and the strong cloud of dust and smoke" was the idol worshipped by generations of military strategists. Yue Fei waved the splash-ink "Graduation Table", which shows his reverence. Yuan Zhen praised him for his "brilliant talent over wind music, brilliant strategies over Sun Wu,... if the public is full of virtue, it should be lamented that there is no such thing in ancient and modern times!"

Read again and feel deeply------

The original and translation of "The Former Teacher"

Chen Liang said: The first emperor started his business before half, but the middle way collapsed; At the third quarter of the day, Yizhou is in a state of weakness. This is the autumn of crisis. However, the ministers of the guards are tireless in their work; Loyal people forget to be outside: Gai chases the special experience of the former emperor and wants to report it to his majesty. It is advisable to open a holy hearing, so as to glorify the virtue of the first emperor and the spirit of a noble man; It is not advisable to belittle yourself and misquote others.

Chen Zhuge Liang said: The first emperor died in the middle of his career before he was half finished. Now, the world has been divided into Wei, Shu and Wu. Our Shu is exhausted in manpower and lack of material resources. This is indeed a critical moment for our country to survive. However, the ministers of the bodyguard did not slack off in the court. Loyal and ambitious soldiers sacrificed their lives to fight on the battlefield. This is because they remembered the special treatment of the former emperor when he was alive and wanted to serve his majesty. Your majesty should really listen to the opinions of the ministers, carry forward the virtues left by the former emperor, and carry forward the spirit of the people with lofty ideals; You should not look down on yourself casually. It is inappropriate to use metaphors in speech, so as to block the way for loyal ministers to give advice.

In the palace and in the palace, they are all integrated; There should be no similarities and differences between the punishment and the punishment. If anyone commits adultery and commits crimes, and is loyal and good, he should be paid to the court, and his punishment and reward should be discussed to show his majesty's rule of justice; It is not appropriate to be selfish and make internal and external laws different. Shizhong, Shilang Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc., are all good and honest. They are determined to be loyal and pure. They are simply drawn from the previous emperor and left to his majesty: foolishly think that things in the palace are of no importance, and learn to consult with them, and then implement them, which will help fill the gap and be of great benefit. General Xiang Chong, his character is gentle, and his military skills are smooth. He tried it in the past. The former emperor called it "Neng", which is based on the recommendation of the public. Foolish people think that everything in the camp is big or small. When they learn from it, they will be able to make the array and Mu, and get the advantages and disadvantages. The former Han Dynasty flourished because it was close to sages and far from villains; Since then, the Han Dynasty has been in decline. When the Emperor Xiandi was here, every time he discussed this matter with his ministers, he sighed and hated Yu Huan and Ling! The chamberlain, the minister, the long history, and the army are the ministers who know the chastity and virtue of the dead. If your majesty is willing to be loyal and faithful, the prosperity of the Han family can be counted by the day.

The courtiers of the imperial palace and the officials of the prime minister's office are a whole. Their promotion, punishment, praise and criticism should not be different from each other. If there are people who engage in malpractice, violate the law and do harm faithfully, your majesty should give it to the officials in charge, who will assess the punishment or reward they deserve, to show your majesty's just and strict governance policy. We should not favor favoritism, so that there are different rules in and out of the palace. Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, and Dong Yun, the waitress, are loyal and honest people. Their ambition and mind are the same, so the Emperor selected them to his majesty. I think your majesty should consult with them and then carry out the matters in the palace, no matter how big or small, so as to make up for the deficiencies and omissions and achieve better results. General Xiang Chong is kind, fair and proficient in military affairs. After trial, the Emperor Xiandi praised him for his talent, so everyone discussed and recommended him as the Central Governor. I think we should consult with him about all the affairs in the military camp, so that the army can work together and make reasonable arrangements for the soldiers with high ability, poor ability and strong team. The reason for the prosperity of the former Han Dynasty was to be close to the wise ministers and alienate the villains; Close to the villains and alienate the wise ministers are the reasons why the later Han Dynasty collapsed. When the first emperor was alive, every time he talked about these things with me, there was never a time when he did not sigh and feel sorry for the two emperors. Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, the secretary of state Chen Zhen, the long history of Zhang Yi, and Jiang Wan, who joined the army, are all loyal ministers who are loyal, virtuous and able to serve their country with death. I hope your majesty will get close to them and trust them, so the prosperity of the Han family is just around the corner.

The minister, who was originally dressed in cloth, worked hard in Nanyang, devoted his life to the troubled times, and did not seek to be heard of and communicated to the princes. The first emperor did not mean his ministers, and he was obscene and self-deserved. He looked at his ministers in the hut and consulted them about the affairs of the world, so he was grateful, so he allowed the first emperor to drive away. After the collapse, he was entrusted with the defeat of the army, and was ordered to be in distress: it has been a year since then. The former emperor knew that his ministers were cautious, so he sent them important things in the face of collapse. Since being appointed, I have been worried all night, and I am afraid that the entrustment will not work, so as to hurt the wisdom of the former emperor; Therefore, crossing the Luzhou River in May is not deep enough. Now that the south has been settled, the armour has been sufficient, and we should be the commander of the third army, and the north has been settled in the central plains. We are all dull and dull, and we can eliminate the evil and evil, revive the Han family, and return to the old capital: this minister is loyal to his majesty by reporting to the former emperor. As for the consideration of profits and losses and the full use of advice, it is also the responsibility of you, according to, and allowing.

I was originally a civilian who cultivated the fields in Nanyang. I only wanted to save my life in troubled times, and I didn't want to be famous in front of the princes. The first emperor did not lower his identity because of my humble background and short knowledge. He visited me in the hut three times and asked me for advice on the world's major events. I was very grateful for that, so I promised the first emperor would serve him. Later, when I was defeated, I was appointed to serve as an envoy to Soochow at the time of crisis. It has been 21 years since then. The late emperor (Liu Bei) knew that I was cautious, so he entrusted me with the state affairs before he died (Zhuge Liang). Since I accepted the appointment, I have been worried and sighed day and night, and worried that I could not do the things entrusted by the former emperor well, which would damage the sanctity of the former emperor. So I crossed the Lushui River in May and went deep into the wilderness. Now that the south has been pacified and the weapons are well prepared, we should encourage and lead the three armies to pacify the Central Plains to the north. I hope to contribute all my mediocre talents, eradicate the evil Cao Wei, revive the Han family, and return to the original capital Luoyang. This is my duty to repay the emperor and be loyal to his majesty. It is the responsibility of Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun and others to consider the rise and fall of political affairs and offer loyal suggestions.

May your majesty entrust the minister with the effect of seeking the recovery of the thief, and if the effect is not effective, he will punish the minister's sin, so as to inform the spirit of the former emperor; If there is no word of recovery, we should take the blame of Youzhi, Yiyi and Yiyi to compensate for its slowness. Your majesty should also plan for himself to consult Suwa's good ways, understand the elegant words, and deeply pursue the imperial edict of the former emperor. Thank you very much! Today, I should stay away from you. I cry at my face and don't know what to say.

I hope your majesty will entrust me with the task of punishing the traitors and reviving the Han family. If it is not completed, please punish me for a felony to comfort the spirit of the former emperor. If you do not encourage your majesty to preach the advice of virtue, blame Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun and others for their neglect to expose their mistakes; His majesty should also seriously consider national affairs, seek good ways to govern the country, listen to correct opinions, and deeply remember the last words of the former emperor. I would be grateful if I could do so. Now I'm going to say goodbye to your majesty for a long journey. I'm in tears when I face the instrument. I don't know what to say.

"The Later Teacher" and its translation

The former emperor worried that the Han and the thief were not at odds, and the king's industry was not biased, so he entrusted the minister to beg for the thief. With the wisdom of the first emperor and the talent of the minister, we know that the enemy is strong only when the minister attacks the thief. However, if you do not attack the thieves, the king's industry will also perish. But sit and wait for death, which is better to fight? It is the reason why I trust you and don't doubt you.

The Emperor Xiandi considered that the Shu Han and the Cao thief could not exist at the same time, and the revival of the king's industry could not be partial to one side, so he entrusted me with the great event of conquering the Cao thief. Judging by the wisdom of the former emperor, he knew that I was going to fight against the Cao thief. My talent was poor, and the enemy was strong. But if you don't fight against the Cao thief, the king's estate he created will also be lost, and you will sit and wait for the destruction. How can you beat the enemy? Therefore, the Emperor Xiandi did not hesitate to entrust me with the cause of attacking the Cao thieves.

On the day of my appointment, I couldn't sleep well and eat well; Thinking about the northern expedition, we should enter the south first: so we can cross the Luzhou River in May, go deep into the barren land, and eat together with the sun—— The minister must not regret himself: Gu Wangye should not be partial to the capital of Shu, so he took risks to honor the legacy of the former emperor. And those who argue are called non-plan. Today, the thief is tired in the west, but also in the east. The method of war is "taking advantage of labor": this is the time to move forward. I would like to state the following:

After I accepted the order, I couldn't sleep well and eat well every day. Thinking that in order to conquer the enemy in the north, we should go to the south to pacify the counties first, so I led the troops across the Lushui River in May and went deep into the area where even the vegetation and grain did not grow. I could eat the next day's meal in two days. It's not that I don't cherish myself. It's just that I think that the king of Shu Han can never live in the capital of Shu, so I take risks to follow the legacy of the former emperor. However, some commentators say that this is not the best policy. Now, just as the thief Cao appeared tired in the west, he tried to fight against Sun Wu in the east. The military strategy said that he should attack the enemy when he was tired. Now is the time to advance. I respectfully state to your majesty some information as follows:

Gao Diming is the same as the sun and the moon, and his advisers are profound. However, if he is involved in danger, he will be hurt, and then he will be safe; Today, your majesty has not reached the high emperor, and his advisers are not as good as good and fair. He wants to win with a long strategy and sit down in the world.

Emperor Gao is as wise as the sun and the moon, and his advisers are knowledgeable and profound, but they have experienced hardships, traumas, and difficulties before they are safe. Now your majesty has not been able to catch up with Emperor Gao, and the advisers are not as good as Zhang Liang and Chen Ping, but they want to use the strategy of long-term stalemate to win and pacify the world, which is the first point I don't understand.

Liu You and Wang Lang, according to their respective prefectures and counties, discussed the plan of safety and introduced saints. They were full of suspicions; There will be no war this year, and no war next year, so that Sun Ce will be in power, and he will merge with Jiangdong.

Liu You and Wang Lang, who occupied the prefectures and counties respectively, were always quoted by sages when talking about how to be safe and put forward various strategies. They were full of questions. They were full of difficulties. They would not fight this year and would not go out next year, which made Sun Ce stronger and stronger, so they annexed Jiangdong. This is the second point I don't understand.

Cao Cao's wise plan is superior to that of others. His use of military force is similar to that of Sun and Wu, but he is trapped in Nanyang, threatened by Wuchao, threatened by Qilian, forced by Liyang, defeated by Beishan, nearly died at Tongguan, and then faked for a while; Kuang minister is weak, and he wants to be determined by not being in danger: this minister has not solved three problems.

Cao Cao's wisdom and stratagem is far more than that of ordinary people. He used to fight like Sun Bin and Wu Qi, but he was trapped in Nanyang, in danger in Wuchao, in danger on Qilian Mountain, forced in Liyang, almost failed in Beishan, nearly died in Tongguan, and then became stable on the surface for a period of time. What's more, my talent is very weak, but I intend to stabilize the world without going through danger. This is the third point I don't understand.

Cao Cao's five attacks on Changba were not enough, and he could not cross the Chaohu Lake four times. He appointed Li Fu and Li Fu to serve him, and appointed the Xia Hou and the Xia Hou was defeated. The former emperor still lost every time he called Cao Cao "can"; Kuang, under the crossbow, how can he win? This minister has not solved four problems.

Cao Cao attacked Changba five times without success, and crossed Chaohu four times without success. He appointed Li Fu, but Li Fu tried to kill him and appointed Xia Houyuan, but Xia Houyuan was defeated and killed. The Emperor Xiandi often praised Cao Cao as a talented man. He also made these mistakes. Besides, if I am mediocre, where can I win? This is the fourth point I don't understand.

From the minister to Hanzhong, in the middle of the year, Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Ding Li, Bai Shou, Liu He, Deng Tong, etc., and more than 70 of the general of the Quchang Tun were killed, and there were more than one thousand people who were suddenly killed. Cong Sen, Qing Qiang, and scattered on horseback and horseback. All of these were the elites of the four sides, which were not owned by a state within decades; If there are multiple years, it will lose two thirds—— What should we do to attack the enemy.

Since I arrived in Hanzhong, it has been only a year, but I have lost Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Ding Li, Bai Shou, Liu Tai, Deng Tong and others, as well as more than 70 leaders in the trilogy and generals in the garrison, more than 1000 soldiers from the Cong and Qiang nationalities, and more than 1000 cavalry troops from scattered and military cavalry, all of which are the elite forces gathered from all over the past decades, and are not what a state can have. In a few years, we will lose two-thirds of the whole army. What force will we use to destroy the enemy then? This is the fifth point I don't understand.

Now the people are poor and the soldiers are tired, and things cannot be stopped; If there is no rest, then live and travel, and labor and expenses are equal; But not as shown in the present picture, I want to stay with the thief in a state: I still have six problems.

Now the people are poor and the soldiers are tired, but the war cannot stop. The war cannot be stopped. The effort and cost of the army to stay down and attack the enemy are exactly the same. In this case, instead of taking advantage of the present time to consider capturing the north, he wanted to use the land of one state to fight the Cao thieves for a long time. This is the sixth point I don't understand.

It is difficult to find a way out. In the past, Emperor Xiandi was defeated in Chu. At that time, Cao Cao held his hand and said that the world was settled—— Then the first emperor connected Wu and Yue in the east, and took Ba and Shu in the west. He raised his troops to the north, and the summer marquis said: "This is a bad plan, and the Han thing will be done."—— Then Wu even violated the alliance, Guan Yu was destroyed, Zigui fell in vain, and Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor: "Nothing is reversible if it is true.". The minister made every effort and died; As for the success or failure, it is not the wise of the minister to see it.

It is difficult to judge things in the world. Once upon a time, the Emperor Xiandi lost the battle in Chu. At this time, Cao Cao applauded and thought that the world had been pacified by him. Later, the Emperor Xiandi joined forces with Wu and Yue in the east, captured Bashu in the west, and sent troops to the north. Xia Houyuan was killed, which Cao Cao did not expect, and the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty was about to succeed. Later, the Eastern Wu changed its attitude and violated the covenant. Guan Yu was defeated and killed. The former emperor made a mistake in Zigui. Cao Pi became the emperor. Everything was like this. It was hard to predict. I carefully gave all my strength for my country until I died. As for the success or failure of the business, whether it is going smoothly or not, that is not what my wisdom can foresee.

Nanwu Master Sakyamuni Buddha. Namo Amitabha. There is no Oriental Glazed Medicine Master Buddha in the south.

Nanwu Guanyin Bodhisattva. Nanwudi Tibetan King Bodhisattva. Nanwukong hides Bodhisattva.

Blessed life is limitless. Yuanshi Tianzun. Lingbao senior. The moral supremacy.

Taiyi saved the bitter god. Confucius, the supreme teacher of Dacheng. Jesus Christ. Mohammed.

All Buddhas and Bodhisattvas of the three generations in ten directions.

All immortals in the three realms and ten directions.

All sages at all times and in all countries.

Don't do any evil, and do all good. Persistence and responsiveness.

出师表：诸葛亮前后《出师表》原文

   读《出师表》而不堕泪者,其人必不忠。读《陈情表》而不堕泪者，其人必不孝。

   ----- 诸葛长青 

  诸葛亮是中国历史上一颗璀璨耀眼的明星。政治上，徐庶称他“此人有经天纬地之才，盖天下一人也”。他“未出茅庐，已知三分天下”，初见刘备就献上“北拒曹操，外结孙权，内修政理；”“欲成霸业，北让曹操占天时，南让孙公占地利，将军可占人和”的立国大策。走出茅庐，他辅佐寄刘表篱下的刘豫州，“先取荆州后取川，大展经纶补天手”，助这位仅有“汉室之胄”虚名的“布衣之民”，一步步走上与曹操、孙权三足鼎立的蜀国君主的地位。

   在古代兵法中，诸葛亮亦占一席之地，其“有制之兵，无能之将，不可以败；无制之兵，有能之将，不可以胜。”“用兵之道，攻心为上，攻城为下；心战为上，兵战为下。”这些著名治军作战之术，不在吴子、尉缭子等谋略家之下。演义中,27个春秋，他运筹帷幄，决战千里，殚精竭智，身经百战，对刘备胸怀“臣虽肝脑涂地，安能报知遇之恩也”的心念。尤托孤后11年，“寝不安席，食不甘味。”“受先帝托孤之重，惟恐他人不似我尽心也。”六出祁山，饱尝北伐艰辛；前后出师表，“令人一览泪沾襟！”。乃至死后，他还以木像吓退司马懿；留下锦囊妙计，斩除反将魏延。真正实现了他“鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已”的人生意愿。

    诸葛亮的伟大人格昭示出中华民族文化的意义和审美理想，他成为身后世人的人生楷模。他那“羽扇纶巾，谈笑间，强虏飞灰烟灭”的襟怀、气魄、风度，为世代军事家膜拜之偶象，岳飞挥毫泼墨《出师表》，足见其崇敬之心。元稹赞他“英才过管乐，妙策胜孙吴，……如公全盛德，应叹古今无！”

再次品读，体会深深------

《前出师表》原文及译文

   臣亮言：先帝创业未半，而中道崩殂；今天下三分，益州疲敝，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣，不懈于内；忠志之士，忘身于外者：盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
          
   臣诸葛亮上言：先帝创立帝业还没有完成一半，就中途去世了。现在，天下已分成魏、蜀、吴三国，我们蜀国人力疲惫，物力又很缺乏，这确实是国家危急存亡的关键时刻。然而，侍卫大臣们在宫廷内毫不懈怠，忠诚有志的将士在疆场上舍身作战，这都是因为追念先帝在世时对他们的特殊待遇，想报效给陛下啊。陛下确实应该广泛地听取群臣的意见，发扬光大先帝留下的美德，弘扬志士们的气概；不应该随随便便地看轻自己，言谈中称引譬喻不合大义（说话不恰当），以致堵塞忠臣进谏劝告的道路。
          
   宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同：若有作奸犯科，及为忠善者，宜付有司，论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之治；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费依、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必得裨补阙漏，有所广益。将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用之于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督：愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和穆，优劣得所也。亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也！侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣也，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。

       
             
     皇宫的侍臣和丞相府的宫吏都是一个整体，对他们的提升、处分、表扬、批评，不应该因人而有什么差别。如果有营私舞弊、违犯法律和尽忠行害的人，陛下应交给主管的官吏，由他们评定应得的处罚或奖赏，用来表明陛下公正严明的治理方针。不应偏袒徇私，使得宫内和宫外有不同的法则。侍中郭攸之、费祎、侍郎董允等人，他们都是忠良诚实的人，他们的志向和心思忠诚无二，因此先帝把他们选拔出来留给陛下。我认为宫中的事情，无论大小，陛下都应征询他们，然后再去实施，这样一定能补求欠缺疏漏的地方，获得更好的效果。将军向宠，性格和善，品德公正，精通军事，从前经过试用，先帝称赞他有才能，因此大家商议推举他做中部督。我认为军营中的事务，都应与他商量，这样一定能使军队团结协作，将士才干高的差的、队伍强的，都能够得到合理的安排。亲近贤臣，疏远小人，这是前汉兴隆昌盛的原因；亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是后汉所以倾覆衰败的原因。先帝在世时，每次与我谈论这些事，没有一次不对桓、灵二帝感到叹息、惋惜痛心的。侍中郭攸之、费祎，尚书陈震，长史张裔，参军蒋琬，这些都是忠贞贤良能够以死报国的忠臣，希望陛下亲近他们、信任他们，那么汉室的兴隆就指日可待了。

            
     臣本布衣，躬耕南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，谘臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间：尔来二十有一年矣。先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧虑，恐付托不效，以伤先帝之明；故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，甲兵已足，当奖帅三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都：此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、依、允等之任也。
         
     我本来是一介平民，在南阳亲自种田，只求能在乱世中暂且保全性命，不奢求在诸侯面前有什么名气。先帝不因我身世卑微、见识短浅，反而降低自己的身份，三次到草庐里来访问我，向我征询对当今天下大事的意见，我因此十分感激，于是答应先帝愿为他奔走效劳。后来遇到失败，我在战败的时候接到委任，在危难的时候奉命出使东吴，从那时到现在已经二十一年了。先帝（刘备）知道我谨慎，因此在临终前把国家大事托付给我（诸葛亮）。自从接受任命以来，我日夜忧虑叹息，担心不能将先帝的托付的事情办好，有损先帝的圣明。所以我在五月渡过泸水，深入到荒凉的地方。现在南方已经平定，兵器已经准备充足，应当鼓舞并率领三军，向北方平定中原。希望全部贡献出自己平庸的才能，铲除奸邪凶恶的曹魏，复兴汉室，回到原来的都城洛阳。这是我用来报答先帝并忠于陛下的职责的本分。至于对政事的斟酌兴废，进献忠诚的建议，那是郭攸之、费祎、董允等人的责任。

           
     愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵；若无兴复之言，则责攸之、依、允等之咎，以彰其慢。陛下亦宜自谋，以谘诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激！今当远离，临表涕泣，不知所云。
           
     希望陛下把讨伐奸贼、复兴汉室的任务交给我，如果没有完成，就请治我重罪，来告慰先帝在天之灵。如果没有劝勉陛下宣扬圣德的忠言，就责备郭攸之、费祎、董允等人的怠慢，来揭露他们的过失；陛下自己也应该认真考虑国家大事，征询治理国国的好办法，听取正确的意见，深切追念先帝的遗训。如果能够这样，我就受恩感激不尽了。现在我就要辞别陛下远行了，面对奏表热泪纵横，不知说了些什么。

                               《后出师表》及译文
             
     先帝虑汉、贼不两立，王业不偏安，故托臣以讨贼也。以先帝之明，量臣之才，故知臣伐贼，才弱敌强也。然不伐贼，王业亦亡。惟坐而待亡，孰与伐之？是故托臣而弗疑也。
         
     先帝考虑到蜀汉和曹贼是不能同时存在的，复兴王业不能偏安一方，所以他才把征讨曹贼的大事托付给我。凭着先帝的英明来衡量我的才干，本来他是知道我去征讨曹贼，我的才能是很差的，而敌人是强大的。但是不征伐曹贼，他所创建的王业也会丢掉，坐着等待灭亡，哪里比得上去讨伐敌人呢？因此先帝毫不迟疑地把讨伐曹贼的事业托付给我。
             
     臣受命之日，寝不安席，食不甘味；思惟北征，宜先入南：故五月渡泸，深入不毛，并日而食。——臣非不自惜也：顾王业不可偏安于蜀都，故冒危难以奉先帝之遗意。而议者谓为非计。今贼适疲于西，又务于东，兵法“乘劳”：此进趋之时也。谨陈其事如左：

         
     我接受遗命以后，每天睡不安稳，吃饭不香。想到为了征伐北方的敌人，应该先去南方平定各郡，所以我五月领兵渡过泸水，深入到连草木五谷都不生长的地区作战，两天才吃得下一天的饭。不是我自己不爱惜自己，只不过是想到蜀汉的王业决不能够偏安在蜀都，所以我冒着艰难危险来奉行先帝的遗意。可是有些发议论的人却说这样作不是上策。如今曹贼刚刚在西方显得疲困，又竭力在东方和孙吴作战，兵法上说要趁敌军疲劳的时候向他进攻，现在正是进兵的时候。我恭敬地把一些情况向陛下陈述如下：

   高帝明并日月，谋臣渊深，然涉险被创，危然后安；今陛下未及高帝，谋臣不如良、平，而欲以长策取胜，坐定天下：此臣之未解一也。
         
     高帝象日月一样英明，谋臣们智谋渊博深远，却是经历过艰险，受过创伤，遭遇危难以后才得到安全，现在陛下未韶赶得上高帝，谋臣不如张良、陈平，却想采用长期相持的策略来取得胜利，安然平定天下，这是我不理解的第一点。

    刘繇、王朗，各据州郡，论安言计，动引圣人，群疑满腹，众难塞胸；今岁不战，明年不征，使孙策坐大，遂并江东：此臣之未解二也。
         
     刘繇、王朗，各自占据州郡，在谈论如何才能安全、提出种种计谋时，动不动就引用圣贤的话，满腹都是疑问，胸中塞满了难题，今年不战，明年又不出征，使得孙策安然强大起来，于是吞并了江东。这是我不理解的第二点。

             
     曹操智计，殊绝于人，其用兵也，仿怫孙、吴，然困于南阳，险于乌巢，危于祁连，逼于黎阳，几败北山，殆死潼关，然后伪定一时耳；况臣才弱，而欲以不危而定之：此臣之未解三也。
         
     曹操的智慧计谋，远远地超过一般人，他用起兵来就好象孙膑、吴起一样，可是他却曾在南阳受困，在乌巢处于险境，在祁连山上遭到危险，在黎阳被逼，几乎在北山失败，差一点死在潼关，后来才在表面上稳定了一段时间。何况我的才力很弱，却打算不经历危险来安定天下。这是我不理解的第三点。

             
   曹操五攻昌霸不下，四越巢湖不成，任用李服而李服图之，委任夏侯而夏侯败亡，先帝每称操为能，犹有此失；况臣弩下，何能必胜：此臣之未解四也。

         
     曹操五次攻打昌霸没有获胜，四次渡过巢湖没有获得成功，任用李服，可是李服却图谋杀死他，委任夏侯渊，可是夏侯渊却战败身亡。先帝常常称赞曹操是个有才能的人，他还有这些失误的地方，何况我才能平庸低下，哪里就一定能获胜呢？这是我不理解的第四点。

             
     自臣到汉中，中间期年耳，然丧赵云、阳群、马玉、阎芝、丁立、白寿、刘合、邓铜等，及驱长屯将七十余人，突将无前，丛叟、青羌，散骑武骑一千余人，此皆数十年之内，所纠合四方之精锐，非一州之所有；若复数年，则损三分之二也。——当何以图敌：此臣之未解五也。
         
     自从我到汉中，其间不过一年罢了，可是却失去了赵云、阳群、马玉、阎芝、丁立、白寿、刘邰、邓铜等人，以及部曲中的首领、屯兵中的将官共七十多人，冲锋无前的将领，賨、羌民族将士以及散骑、武骑各路骑兵一千多人，这都是几十年来从四处聚合起来的精锐力量，不是一州所能具有的。如果再过几年，那就要损失全军的三分之二，那时拿什么兵力去消灭敌人呢？这是我不理解的第五点。
   

   今民穷兵疲，而事不可息；事不可息，则住与行，劳费正等；而不及今图之，欲以一州之地，与贼持久：此臣之未解六也。
         
     现在百姓穷困、兵士疲惫，可是战争不能停止。战争不能停止，那军队驻扎下来和去攻打敌人，所付出的辛劳和费用正好是相等的。既是这样，不趁现在考虑攻取北方，却想用一州之地，去和曹贼长期相持。这是我不理解的第六点。
             
     夫难平者，事也。昔先帝败军于楚，当此时，曹操拊手，谓天下已定。——然后先帝东连吴、越，西取巴、蜀，举兵北征，夏侯授首：此操之失计，而汉事将成也。——然后吴更违盟，关羽毁败，秭归蹉跌，曹丕称帝：凡事如是，难可逆见。臣鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已；至于成败利钝，非臣之明所能逆睹也。
         
     天下的事情是很难评论断定的。从前先帝在楚地打了败仗，在这时，曹操拍手称快，认为天下已被他平定了。以后先帝东边联合吴越，西边攻取巴蜀，发兵向北征讨，夏侯渊就被杀掉了，这是曹操未曾想到的，而复兴汉朝的大业将要成功了。后来东吴改变态度，违背了盟约，关羽兵败被杀，先帝又在秭归失误，曹丕称帝，所有的事情都象这样，很难预料。我小心谨慎地为国献出我的一切力量，直到死为止。至于事业是成功是失败，进行得顺利还是不顺利，那就不是我的智慧所能够预见的了。

南无本师释迦牟尼佛。南无阿弥陀佛。南无东方琉璃药师佛。
南无观世音菩萨。南无地藏王菩萨。南无虚空藏菩萨。
福生无量天尊。元始天尊。灵宝天尊。道德天尊。

太乙救苦天尊。大成至圣先师孔子。耶稣基督。穆罕默德。
十方三世诸佛菩萨。
三界十方一切神仙。
古今中外一切圣贤。

     诸恶莫作，众善奉行。持之以恒、有求必应。     　

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

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往期精选文章

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1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向