Confucius disciple: Yan Yan (Ziyou) enlightens people with rites and music

Confucius disciples are loyal, virtuous, benevolent and respectable.

... Zhuge Changqing

Confucius teaches students according to their aptitude.

Confucius has cultivated many sages and pillars for the Chinese nation.

Among the seventy-two sages of Confucius, there was a southern disciple named Yan Yan, who used etiquette and music to govern society, which was amazing.

Zhuge Changqing believes that when we study Confucius today, we should learn from all aspects to understand, and learn from sages with the "heart of sages", so that we can make rapid progress.

Yan Yan (506-443 BC), Zi You, Wu people (recorded as Lu people in Confucian family language). During the Spring and Autumn Period, the only southern disciple of the "seventy-two sages of Confucius" was a thinker.

Yan Yan, who is good at literature, once served as the magistrate of Wucheng County of the State of Lu, expounded Confucius' theory, and used etiquette and music to educate the people. There are strings of songs everywhere in the territory. Confucius praised him as "I have Yan in my door, and I go to the south", known as "Southern Master".

The story of Yan Yan governing society with rites and music and changing people's minds is recorded in the seventeenth chapter of The Analects of Confucius.

Zhuge Changqing believed that Confucius' disciples were admirable for their military skills, loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness.

Zhuge Changqing shared the story of Yan Yan's music governing society in The Analects of Confucius:

The Analects of Confucius

The sound of stringed songs is heard in the Wucheng of the son.

The master smiled and said, "Why use an ox knife to cut chicken?"

Zi You said to him, "The old man Yan also heard that Confucius said, 'A gentleman who learns Tao loves others, and a villain who learns Tao is easy to use.'"

Confucius said, "Two or three sons, Yan's words are right! The ear of the foreword play."

Zhuge Changqing believes that the basic meaning of this passage is~

One day, Confucius and some of his disciples came to Wucheng County, where Yan Yan was the magistrate, and heard the elegant orchestra and singing voice in the county.

Confucius smiled and said, "Why use a knife to kill a chicken?"

(Confucius means, in order to govern such a small county, is it necessary to make a mountain out of a molehill and educate with etiquette and music?)

Ziyou replied, "I heard the teacher say before: 'When a gentleman learns the Tao, he will love others. When people learn the Tao, they will easily abide by the law and morality, and consciously accept orders. Therefore, I will use etiquette and music to educate people.'"

Confucius said, "Dear disciples, Yan Yan is right. He has done a good job and deserves your study. What I said just now is just a joke."

According to books such as The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Rites, Yan Yan studied very hard at Confucius and often asked Confucius for advice when encountering difficult problems; Confucius also regarded Yan Yan as one of his satisfied disciples. He once described to Yan Yan the beauty of his ideal society.

Once, Yan Yan accompanied Confucius to participate in the sacrificial ceremony (an activity of killing animals and animals to sacrifice their ancestors at the end of the year in December). After the ceremony, the two people walked to the tall building outside the temple, and Confucius looked up and sighed.

Yan Yan felt very strange and asked, "Why is the teacher sighing?"?

Confucius said: I have not caught up with the era of the implementation of the Great Way and the era of three generations (Xia, Shang and Zhou) of wise people in power, but I always yearn for it!

Then Confucius eloquently described to Yan Yan the scene of the Datong society of "plotting to shut down but not prospering, stealing and not doing, and therefore not shutting down outside". This left a deep impression in Yan Yan's mind.

Confucius was determined to practice his teacher's teachings. Later, when he was the prime minister of Wucheng in the State of Lu, he followed his teacher's instructions and educated the people with etiquette and music, and made achievements.

Confucius also said, "Have you got any talents here?"?

Yan Yan replied, "There is a man named Dantai Mingming who never comes to my house without taking the path. The implication is that this person acts well and does not flatter his boss. He is a talent who can be reused. This shows that Yan Yan can identify talents very well. After becoming an official, he is not only interested in flattery.

In the 25th year of mourning for Duke Lu, Yan Yan died and was buried at the east foot of Yushan Mountain. He became the ninth person known as the "Ten Philosophers of Confucius" from sacrificing to the temple of Confucius, enjoying the Confucian sacrifice, and worshipping Duke Danyang and Duke Wu in successive dynasties. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, it was definitely called "Xianxian Yanzi". The Qing Dynasty set up a doctor of the Five Classics, who was inherited by Yan Yan's descendants. Now there is Yanzi's Former Residence in Yanzi Lane, Yushan Town, Yanzi's Tomb in the East Ridge of Yushan Town, Yanzi's Special Shrine in Xueqian Street, and Yanzi's Former Residence Pavilion on the bank of Zhoutang.

Yan Yan won the respect of later generations after his death, and he has lived for many years.

In the eighth year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (720), he was listed as one of the ten sages and entered the Confucius Temple and was worshipped by people. Nineteen years later, in the twenty-seventh year of the Kaiyuan era of the Tang Dynasty (739), he was forced to become a marquis. In the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu in the Northern Song Dynasty (1009), he was also named Duke of Danyang. In the second year of Xianchun's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty (1266), he was appointed Duke Wu.

During the Dade period of the Yuan Dynasty, he was granted the title of Duke of Wu.

During the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, he was granted the title of "Xianxian Yanzi". The Qing Dynasty inherited the title of the Ming Dynasty.

In the 51st year of Kangxi (1712), the court approved the establishment of a doctor of the Five Classics among Yan Yan's descendants, which was inherited from generation to generation to worship the ancestors. Several emperors of the Qing Dynasty visited the south and sent ministers to the tomb of Yan Yan in Changshu to pay a tribute, and presented a plaque inscribed with imperial inscriptions.

Yanyan Tomb is located at the east foot of Yushan Mountain. It is built on the mountain with a magnificent momentum. The tomb is a tall mound of sealed earth, and the existing foundation road consists of three archways and a stone pavilion. The first archway faces the North Gate Street and is inscribed with four big characters: "Yan Zi's Tomb Path". There is "Ying'e Pool" in the entrance, and a stone arch bridge and a literary bridge are built on the top. There is a half-hill pavilion on the top of the bridge. There is a plaque inside the pavilion and the inscription of Kangxi "Wen Kai Wu Hui" (Wu Jun and Kuaiji Jun). There are three arches in the tens of steps up, with four big characters of "Southern Master" carved on the stone. Yan Zi's tomb is behind the square. Ancillary buildings of the tomb include Luocheng, altar, banquet hall, etc. There is no record of the date when the tomb was first built. According to documents, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Yan Yan's seventeenth grandson Yan Cheng Dashi repaired the ancestral tomb. To the third year of Duanping in the Southern Song Dynasty (1236), the Changshu County Magistrate Wang Mingling announced the protection of Yan Zi's tomb, and then underwent several repairs. Most of the existing buildings were built in the Qing Dynasty. It is now a provincial cultural relics protection unit.

There are several places in Changshu about Yanzi's historic sites. Rudong Yanzi Lane has Yanzi's former residence, which was built in the late Qing Dynasty. The third entrance has the stone carving of Yan Zi's Former Residence, and the fourth entrance has the image of Yan Zi and the stele pavilion. There is also an ink well in the former residence, also known as the Yan Gong Well. It is the only remains of Yan Zi in the residence, which has lasted for more than 2000 years. There is a lake stone beside the well with the words "ink well" engraved in official script. It is reported that the well was ten zhang deep and three zhang wide, and the water was black and sweet, but today it is no different from ordinary wells. There was a washing stone beside the well, which was three feet long, but it was gone. There are Yanzi Bridge and Literature Bridge at the entrance of Dongyanzi Alley. On the east side of the Confucian Temple in Xueqian Street is the Yanzi Temple, which has been renovated. There is Yangang Bridge outside Dadongmen. On the east bank of Chuzhou Tangqiao, five kilometers to the south of the city, there is a stele pavilion in Yanzi's hometown, which is more than three feet wide. In the pavilion, there are "famous places in the city", The stone couplet of Zhong Daxian in the southeast. These historic sites can still be seen today. There are only relics left. They are: The Academy has a Literature Academy (later renamed Yushan Academy) 。 According to the records, the academy has a considerable scale, with Xuedao Hall in the middle, Yanzi Temple in the west, Xiange Building in the west, Shepu in the northwest, Yuanchi and Zhijin Bridge in the front; The original Yan family temple in Hedong Street. Inside, there are gate towers, main halls, stringed song towers, and a back tower dedicated to collecting sacrificial vessels and bequests; There is Yanzi Queli Square in Nanmen Street. Today, we can only imagine the situation in those years from the records or pictures of the Cultural Supervision Institute.

Yan Zi's words and deeds are scattered in The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, The Book of Rites, The Records of History, etc. The second volume of Yan Zi in the Song Dynasty was lost. Hou Xianchun of the Ming Dynasty compiled the "Records of Literature", which was annotated by Geng Ju, but was not printed. To the Qing Dynasty, Yan Rushi, the descendant of Yan Yan, searched for the lost and compiled three volumes of the "Literature Record". There are woodcut versions that have been handed down today.

Yanyan is worshipped by Fengxian District of Shanghai and thought to be its hometown. Fengxian got its name from Yanyan. It is said that in the pre-Qin period more than 2000 years ago, Confucius, who was regarded as a sage by later generations, ran a school to promote Confucianism. His disciple Yan Yan resigned and returned to school after completing his studies. According to legend, in 444 BC, Yan Yan came to the East China Sea to open a school, which not only taught his disciples to learn Chinese characters, but also taught people to cultivate morality with Confucian etiquette. Under the advocacy of Yan Yan, the sound of rites and music can be heard everywhere in the corner of the sea. Yan Yan is also respected as a "sage" by the people in the corner of the sea. In order to commemorate the sage who devoted his whole life to spreading knowledge and promoting etiquette, later generations named the county "Fengxian" and built "Yanzi Temple" to express their nostalgia, and further highlight the folkway of later generations who took Yan Yan as an example and worshipped "respect Fengxian, and think of the same with the virtuous". Nowadays, "respecting, learning from and uniting the virtuous" has become the code of conduct for Fengxian citizens. See "Fengxian Historical and Cultural Celebrities", written by Zhang Zhidi, Oriental Publishing Center, 2006 edition.

Yanyan Ancient Site.

Don't do any evil, and do all good.

Zhuge Changqing, I wish you success.

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Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of the traditional culture of Chinese traditional culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China, and benefit the world" with like-minded people in the world.

孔门弟子，忠贤仁义，令人尊敬。

……诸葛长青

孔子，因材施教。

孔子，为中华民族培养很多圣贤栋梁。

在孔子七十二贤中，有一个南方弟子，名叫言偃，用礼乐治理社会，令人赞叹。

诸葛长青认为，我们今天学习孔子，要全方位的去学习去理解，要用“圣贤之心”学习圣贤，这样就可以进步神速了。

言偃（前506年—前443年），字子游，吴人（孔子家语记载为鲁人）。春秋时期思想家、“孔门七十二贤”中唯一的南方弟子。

言偃，擅长文学，曾任鲁国武城县令，阐扬孔子学说，使用礼乐教化士民，境内到处有弦歌之声，为孔子所称赞“吾门有偃，吾道其南”，人称“南方夫子”。

言偃用礼乐治理社会改变人心故事记录在《论语》第十七篇中。

诸葛长青认为，孔子弟子文韬武略，忠孝仁义，令人敬仰。

诸葛长青分享《论语》记载言偃音乐治理社会故事：

《论语》原文～

子之武城，闻弦歌之声。

夫子莞尔而笑，曰：“割鸡焉用牛刀？”

子游对曰：“昔者偃也闻诸夫子曰：‘君子学道则爱人，小人学道则易使也。’”

子曰：“二三子，偃之言是也！前言戏之耳。”

诸葛长青认为这段话的基本意思是～

一天，孔子带着一部分弟子来到言偃任县令的武城县，听到县城里有优雅的管弦和歌唱的声音。

孔子微笑着说：“杀鸡何必用宰牛的刀呢？”

（孔子的意思是，为治理这么个小县城还用得着小题大做、以礼乐来教育吗？）

子游回答说：“以前我听老师说过：‘君子学习了道就会仁爱他人，老百姓学习了道就容易遵守法律道德，自觉接受命令。所以，我就用礼乐教化人心。’”

孔子说：“各位弟子们，言偃的话是对的，他做的很好，值得你们好好学习。我刚才说的话是同他开玩笑罢了。”

据《论语》《礼记》等书记载，言偃在孔子处学习十分勤奋，遇到疑难问题常向孔子请教；孔子也视言偃为他所满意的及门弟子之一，曾向言偃描绘过他心中的理想社会的美境。

一次，言偃陪孔子参加腊祭(十二月时猎禽兽岁终祭先祖的一种活动)，祭祀仪式结束后，两人走到宗庙外面高大的建筑物旁边，孔子仰天长叹。

言偃觉得十分奇怪，就问道：老师为什么叹气？

孔子说：我没有赶上大道实行的时代和三代(夏、商、周)英明人主当政的时代，可心里总是很向往啊！

接着孔子滔滔不绝地向言偃描述了"谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭"的大同社会的景象。这在言偃的脑海里留下了深刻的印象。

孔子决心实践老师的教诲，后来在鲁国当武城宰相时，遵照师训，以礼乐教化人民，做出了成绩。

孔子还言偃道：你在这里得到什么人才没有?

言偃回答说：有一个叫澹台灭明的人，走路不抄小道，不是公事从不到我屋里来。言下之意是此人行为端正，不对上司拍马奉承，是可以重用的一个人才。这说明言偃很能识别人才，当了官以后，不是专喜听恭维话的。

鲁悼公二十五年，言偃去世，葬于虞山东麓，从祀孔庙，成为称“孔门十哲”第九人，享受儒家祭祀，历代追封丹阳公、吴国公。明朝嘉靖时期，定称“先贤言子”。清朝设置五经博士一员，由言偃后裔世袭。如今虞山镇言子巷建有言子故宅，虞山东岭设有言子墓，学前街设有言子专祠，州塘畔有言子故里亭。

言偃死后得到后人的崇敬，累世不绝。

唐代开元八年（720年）他被列为十哲之列进入孔庙而受到人们的祭祀。十九年以后，即唐开元二十七年（739年），他被迫封为号侯。北宋大中祥符二年（1009年），又被封为丹阳公。南宋咸淳二年（1266年）被封为吴公。

元代大德年间，被封为吴国公。

明嘉靖年间，被封为先贤言子。清代承袭明代的封号。

康熙五十一年（1712年），朝廷批准在言偃后裔中设五经博士一员，世代承袭，用以奉祀先贤。清代几个皇帝南巡，先后派大臣到常熟言偃墓致祭，并赠送御笔题的匾额。

言偃墓位于虞山东麓，依山而建，气势雄伟。墓系一高大的封土堆，现在所存的基道由三座牌坊和一个石亭组成。第一座牌坊面临北门大街，上书"言子墓道"四个大字。入内有"影娥池"，上架石拱桥一文学桥。过桥拾级而上是半山亭，亭内有匾，上有康熙题词"文开吴会"（吴郡与会稽郡)。再上行数十步为三道牌坊，横额石刻"南方夫子"四个大字。言子墓就在坊后。墓的附属建筑有罗城、祭台、飨堂等。墓道始建年月已无考，据文献记载，在汉武帝时，言偃的十七世孙言成大始修缮祖墓。至南宋端平三年（1236年）常熟县令王明令昭示保护言子墓，后经历次修缮，现存建筑多为清代所建。现属省级文物保护单位。

有关言子的古迹，常熟城内还有数处。如东言子巷有言子故居，房屋为清代后期修建。第三进场上有《言子故宅记》石刻，第四进有言子像、碑亭。故居中还有墨井一口，又名言公井，它是宅中仅存的言子遗迹，已历二千多年。井旁有湖石一块，上刻隶书"墨井"两字。据载，井原深十丈，阔三丈，水黑而味甘，但今天已同普通水井无异。井旁原有洗衣石一块，周三尺，但已不知所终。东言子巷口有言子桥和文学桥。学前街文庙东侧有言子专祠，现已修葺一新。大东门外有言港桥。城南五公里处州塘桥东岸有言子故里碑亭，亭广一丈三尺余。亭内有"邑里崇名迹"，东南钟大贤"石刻对联。上述这些古迹，今天尚能看到。还有的古迹则仅留遗迹了。它们是：书院弄有文学书院（后改名虞山书院）。据载，书院颇具规模，中有学道堂，西有言子祠、弦歌楼，西北为射圃，前为渊源池、知津桥等；河东街原有言氏家庙。内有门楼、正殿，弦歌楼，并有专门收藏祭器、遗书的后楼；南门大街有言子阙里坊。这些古迹，我们今天只能从文监察院记载或图画中想象当年的情形了。

言子的言行散见于《论语》、 《孟子》 、《礼记》、《史记》等。宋代辑《言子》二卷，后失传。明代侯先春辑《文学录》，邑令耿桔为之作注，但并未付印。至清代，言偃后裔言如泗搜讨遗佚，编纂成《文学录》三卷。有木刻本流传于今。

言偃为上海市奉贤区所崇尚，以为是其故乡，奉贤的得名就是来自言偃。据说二千多年前的先秦时期，被后世尊为圣贤的孔子办学兴儒，其弟子言偃学成后，辞官归学。相传公元前444年，言偃来到东海之滨开设学馆，不但教授弟子学文习字，更以儒学的礼仪教人育德。在言偃的倡导下，海隅处处可闻礼乐之声，言偃也被海隅百姓尊为“贤人”。为纪念这位毕生致力于传学兴礼的贤人，后人将县名取为“奉贤”，建造了“言子祠”，以表达怀念之情，更彰显后人以言偃为楷模，崇尚“敬奉贤人，见贤思齐”的民风。 如今“敬贤、学贤、齐贤”已然成为奉贤市民的行为准则。详见《奉贤历史文化名人》，张志弟著，东方出版中心，2006年版。

言偃古迹。

诸恶莫作，众善奉行。

诸葛长青，祝你成功。

（本文欢迎转发，转发请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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