Zhuge Changqing: Who compiled the banknotes of the Eight Great Writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties?

The Chinese nation has many selfless people who are the backbone of the Chinese nation.

... Zhuge Changqing

Vast China, majestic China.

The wisdom of sages shines on the world.

When we look back on history, we are always touched.

This move is because there are always many selfless people in the Chinese nation.

They dedicate their blood and wisdom, leaving many cultural works and classic wisdom for the Chinese nation. Confucius, Laozi and other sages, and classics such as The Great Learning, The Analects of Confucius and The Tao Te Ching are outstanding representatives.

The familiar banknotes of the Eight Great Writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties are among them

A book [Zhuge Changqing: "The Eight Great Writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties" is the collective name of eight ancient writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty, and Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe (collectively known as Sansu), Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong of the Song Dynasty].

Zhuge Changqing read the banknotes of the Eight Great Writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties and sighed!!

The Eight Literary Notes of the Tang and Song Dynasties not only has literary wisdom, but also has many connotations of Confucianism, Taoism and other schools of thought. Many things that can't be known from the history books, many anecdotes of celebrities such as Han Yu, and many ancient folk cultures can be found in this banknote. It can be said that the Eight Great Literary Banknotes of the Tang and Song Dynasties is a classic of history books, a treasure of wisdom, and a classic of various schools of thought in another sense.

So, who compiled the volume of "The Eight Literary Banknotes of the Tang and Song Dynasties"?

1、 Who compiled the Eight Great Writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties?

Zhuge Changqing: The banknotes of the eight famous writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties were compiled by Mao Kun in the Ming Dynasty.

In the mid-spring of the seventh year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1579), Mao Kun compiled and published the eight famous banknotes of the Tang and Song dynasties (hereinafter referred to as "banknotes"). Mao Kun wrote the general narrative and argumentation in person, his nephew Mao Yigui was responsible for collation, and his nephew Gu Erxing's inscription. It is called "Mao Yigui Ben" in history. Mao's book, for a time, was "popular in the country, and no one in the countryside knew about Mao Lumen". The book has 144 volumes, including 16 volumes of Han Yuwen, 12 volumes of Liu Zongyuan, 12 volumes of Ouyang Xiuwen, 16 volumes of Wang An Shi, 10 volumes of Zeng Gong, 10 volumes of Su Xun, 28 volumes of Su Shi and 20 volumes of Su Frog. There are "General Preface" and "On Examples" at the beginning of the volume, and there are quotations and biographies in front of each article, entitled "Gui'an Lumen Mao Kun Criticism".

2、 Who is Mao Kun?

Mao Kun (August 31, 1512 to December 22, 1601), with the name of Shunfu and the name of Lumen, was born in Gui'an County, Huzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (now Wuxing, Zhejiang Province), and was an essayist and book collector of the Ming Dynasty. The grandfather of Mao Yuanyi, a Confucian general in the late Ming Dynasty.

In the 17th year of Jiajing's reign (1538), Mao Kun was a scholar who was good at both literature and martial arts. He was elegant and good at calligraphy. He advocated learning the ancient writings of the Tang and Song dynasties and opposed the view that "the writings must be written in the Qin and Han dynasties". As for the content of the works, he advocated that the purport of the "Six Classics" must be clarified. The compilation of "Notes of the Eight Great Writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties" particularly praised Han Yu, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi. Mao Kun, together with Wang Shenzhong, Tang Shunzhi, Gui Youguang, are known as the "Tang and Song School". There is a rare edition of the "Bai Hua Lou Collection". The traveller has Mao Lumen Collection.

According to Zhuge Changqing's research, Mr. Mao Kun has a lofty ambition, a broad mind, and a wide range of books. He has devoted his whole life to the strategy of literature and martial arts, and various schools of thought.

According to the Records of the Lake, Mao Kun's collection of books dominated the country at that time, with the names of "White Birch House" and "Yuzhi Mountain House", and a large number of books in the Song and Yuan dynasties. The family has compiled the Bibliography of the White Birch Tower. There are dozens of library buildings, but they are still too big to accommodate. Later, his grandson Mao Yuanyi (the son of Mao Guojin, the second son of Mao Kun) compiled "Nine Studies and Ten Parts". It is divided into nine studies and ten parts. The nine studies are: the first classics, the second history, the third literature, the fourth theory, the fifth primary school, the sixth military science, the seventh category, the eighth mathematics, and the ninth foreign language. In addition to nine studies, plus worldly studies, it is called Ten Parts. Its collection is printed with "Mao Kun", "Tong Garden", "Ink Fragrance Pavilion", etc.

3、 Mao Kun's literary grace

Zhuge Changqing believed that Mao Kun was well-read, intelligent and extraordinary.

Mao Kun showed his profound vision, profound information and profound insight in the general narrative of "The Eight Literary Notes of the Tang and Song Dynasties", which is admirable. Mr. Mao Kun wrote:

The book of Changes of Confucius said, "Its purpose is far away, and its diction." So Si Gu taught the world the best writers in the future. However, there are more than 70 people who pass the door, such as Yan Yuan, Zi Gong, and Xiu Jie between Qi and Lu, or Yun, who are skilled in the six arts. They can't compete with each other in the field of literature, and they belong to only Ziyou and Zixia. What is it? Guys are born wise and have their own characteristics, such as the temperature of spring, the cold of fire, the green of stone, and the guide of gold. In the meantime, people should be unique in their temperament, and they must be specific in their actions, so that they can reach the end of the game. Ling Lun is good at the sound, the kitchen is good at the possession, the foundation is good at shooting, the father is good at the defense, the flat magpie is good at the medicine, the bureaucrat is good at the pill, and the autumn is good at the chess. They all use the wisdom of the heaven, plus the specific learning, and get the unique understanding. Si Gu is famous for his good at the time, not for his gain.

Confucius did not travel, and the Xia generation taught the kingdom of the vassal states according to their learning. However, the Qin people had a bachelor's degree in burnt scripture pit, and the purpose of the six arts was almost dropped. In Hanxing, he was asked for a bachelor's degree by calling for the Death Sutra, while Chao Cuo, Jia Yi, Dong Zhongshu, Sima Qian, Liu Xiang, Yang Xiong, and Ban Gu were just a little out, and the article of Xijing was called Er Ya. Under Cui and Cai, not only did they act like a dragon, but also the purport of the six arts was gradually lost. Between the Wei, Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Sui and Tang dynasties, the style of writing became weaker and weaker, and the end of the powerful crossbow was not as good as that of Lu, let alone wearing clothes?

Han Yu of Changli, who was the first to rise, and Liu Liuzhou, who was in harmony with it, began to know that it was not the Six Classics that should be read, and it was not the books of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties that should be read. His books, theories, prefaces, notes, steles, inscriptions, eulogies and debates are so many that many of them have opened their own doors, which are much more than those of the six arts. After Zhenyuan, the Tang Dynasty fell in the middle, and along the five dynasties, there were only a few countries in the world at the time of war. In the hundred years of the rise of the Song Dynasty, the literary movement was apocalyptic, so Ouyang Public Xiu, from the ancient home of Suizhou, occasionally got Han Yu's book, which was read by hand, and the people in the world only knew that the classics and erudition were high, while the scholar of the time, Binbin, was attached to him. Su's father and son, and Zeng Gong and Wang Anshi's disciples, during the period, the material tenor and the sound were slow and urgent, although they were different, but those who wanted to learn from the six arts that Confucius had deleted, were also those who learned from home.

From this point of view, for example, the people who walk in the world, and the people who walk in the gate of a thousand miles, and the people who drop out of the gate of a hundred miles and three hundred miles, are not the same. Those who practice the "Gu" in the world often say that the article is superior to the time, but after the Tang Dynasty, it is not enough. Eh! I do not know that the rise and fall of literary poetry are related to the Tao, which is not what we talk about. The lack of work during this period is also due to the talent of the people. What is the difference between the single-minded and the single-minded? As the saying goes, it must be the fashion of the thick soup of the wine, the old of the Maoci Tugui, and the three generations down, the jade belt of the Ming Dynasty Hall, and the design of the cloud Lei sacrificial cup are all parallel branches! Confucius said that "its purpose is far", that is, it is not deceitful to the Tao, and "its words", that is, the brilliance of the Tao, like the melody of the weft. It is not easy to unify the humanities since Si Gu Paoxi!

During the reign of Emperor Hongzhi and Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty, Li Mengyang rose to the north, and Hao Jun converged on the north. He has already raised the voice of poetry and re-released the literary track. He said, "I left", "History" and "Han", and then he said, "I am at the beginning of the Yellow River and Jian'an". In view of this, the so-called Xiong Er of Cilin, whose legacy in the six ancient arts, is not exquisite and indiscriminate, but plagiarism is already!

So I handed over Han Gongyu, Liu Gongzongyuan, Ouyang Gongxiu, Su Gongxun, Shi, Zhe, Zeng Gonggong and Wang Gonganshi, and criticized them a little. This is the ticket for those who play the Gu, and the title is "Eighty-six Literary Notes". Every family has its own guide. Alas! Those of the Eight Gentlemen dare not immediately say that they have obtained the purport of the six ancient arts, and criticize them, nor dare they think that they have obtained the depth of the Eight Gentlemen, and that they want to reveal the righteousness of the Eight Gentlemen, point to embellishments, or do not match the Tao. I write to those who know me by the quality of the world.

Zhuge Changqing, I wish more people of insight to participate in the inheritance of traditional Chinese culture, learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China, benefit the world, and let the light of Chinese culture shine all over the world!

Learn from sages and promote virtue

Revitalizing China and benefiting the world

中华民族，有许多无私奉献的人，他们是中华民族的脊梁。

……诸葛长青

浩浩中华，巍巍神州。

圣贤智慧，光照世界。

当我们回顾历史，内心总有许多感动。

这份感动，是因为中华民族总有许多无私奉献的人。

他们奉献自己心血智慧，为中华民族留下许多文化著作、经典智慧。孔子、老子等圣贤，《大学》《论语》《道德经》等经典是杰出代表。

大家熟悉的《唐宋八大家文钞》就是其中

一部著作【诸葛长青：“唐宋八大家”是唐宋时期八位古文作家的合称，即唐代的韩愈、柳宗元和宋代的苏轼、苏洵、苏辙（合称三苏）、欧阳修、王安石、曾巩】。

诸葛长青拜读《唐宋八大家文钞》，感叹不已！！

《唐宋八大家文钞》，不仅有文学智慧，更有许多儒家、道家等诸子百家内涵。很多从历史书中无法知晓的事情、很多韩愈等名人轶事、很多古代民俗文化等，都可以从这部文钞中找到很多线索，可以说，《唐宋八大家文钞》是另一种意义的史书经典、智慧宝典、诸子百家经典。

那么，《唐宋八大家文钞》这卷书是谁编纂的呢？

一、《唐宋八大家文钞》是谁编纂的？

诸葛长青：《唐宋八大家文钞》是明代茅坤编纂的。

明万历七年(1579)仲春，茅坤编成《唐宋八大家文钞》（以下简称《文钞》）并初刻刊行。茅坤亲自撰写总叙和论例，侄茅一桂负责校勘，甥顾尔行题辞。史称“茅一桂本”。茅氏此书，一时“盛行海内，乡里小生无不知茅鹿门者”。全书共一百四十四卷，计收入韩愈文十六卷、柳宗元文十二卷、欧阳修文十二卷、王安石文十六卷、曾巩文十卷、苏洵文十卷、苏轼文二十八卷、苏辙文二十卷。卷首有《总序》、《论例》，各家文章前有小引和本传，题“归安鹿门茅坤批评”。

二、茅坤是谁？

茅坤（1512年8月31日－1601年12月22日），字顺甫，号鹿门，浙江湖州府归安县（今浙江吴兴）人，明代散文家、藏书家。明末儒将茅元仪的祖父。

嘉靖十七年（1538）进士，茅坤文武兼长，雅好书法，提倡学习唐宋古文，反对“文必秦汉”的观点，至于作品内容，则主张必须阐发“六经”之旨。编选《唐宋八大家文钞》，对韩愈、欧阳修和苏轼尤为推崇。茅坤与王慎中、唐顺之、归有光等，同被称为“唐宋派”。有《白华楼藏稿》，刻本罕见。行世者有《茅鹿门集》。

诸葛长青研究认为，茅坤先生，志存高远，胸怀天下，博览群书，一生致力于文韬武略、诸子百家。

《湖录》记载，茅坤的藏书在当时称霸一方，书楼名“白桦楼”、“玉芝山房”，收藏宋元刻本较多。家编有《白桦楼书目》。有藏书楼数十间，仍充栋不能容，后由其孙茅元仪（茅坤次子茅国缙之子）又编有《九学十部目》。分为九学十部。九学为：一经学、二史学、三文学、四说学、五小学、六兵学、七类学、八数学、九外学。九学而外，再加世学，号曰十部。其藏书印有“茅坤”、“桐园”、“墨香亭”等。

三、茅坤的文采

诸葛长青认为，茅坤博览群书，智慧超群，文采智慧非同一般。

茅坤在《唐宋八大家文钞》总叙中，展示了他深邃的眼光、深厚的底蕴、深远的洞察，令人敬佩不已。茅坤先生提笔写到：

孔子之系《易》， 曰： “其旨远， 其辞文。”斯固所以教天下后世文者之至也。然而及门之士，颜渊、子贡以下， 并齐、鲁间之秀杰也，或云， 身通六艺者七十余人， 文学之科， 并不得与， 而所属者仅子游、子夏两人焉。何哉?盖天生贤哲，各有独禀，譬则泉之温、火之寒、石之结绿、金之指南。人于其间， 以独禀之气， 而又必为之专一， 以致其至，伶伦之于音， 裨竈之于占， 养由基之于射，造父之于御，扁鹊之于医，僚之于丸， 秋之于弈，彼皆以天纵之智，加之以专一之学， 而独得其解，斯固以之擅当时而名后世，而非他所得而相雄者。

孔子没而游、夏辈各以其学授之诸侯之国， 已而散逸不传。而秦人燔经坑学士，而六艺之旨几辍矣。汉兴，招亡经， 求学士， 而晁错、贾谊、董仲舒、司马迁、刘向、扬雄、班固辈， 始乃稍稍出， 而西京之文，号为尔雅。崔、蔡以下， 非不矫然龙骧也，然六艺之旨渐流失。魏、晋、宋、齐、梁、陈、隋、唐之间， 文日以靡， 气日以弱， 强弩之末，且不及鲁缟矣， 而况于穿札乎?

昌黎韩愈，首出而振之，柳柳州又从而和之， 于是始知非六经不以读， 非先秦两汉之书不以观。其所著书、论、序、记、碑、铭、颂、辩诸什，故多所独开门户，然大较并寻六艺之遗略，相上下而羽翼之者。贞元以后唐且中坠， 沿及五代，兵戈之际， 天下寥寥矣。宋兴百年，文运天启， 于是欧阳公修，从隋州故家覆瓿中，偶得韩愈书， 手读而好之，而天下之士，始知通经博古为高， 而一时文人学士，彬彬然附离而起， 苏氏父子兄弟，及曾巩、王安石之徒， 其间材旨大小，音响缓亟， 虽属不同， 而要之于孔子所删六艺之遗， 则共为家习而户眇之者也。

由今观之，譬则世之走騕褭、骐骥于千里之门，而中及二百里三百里而辍者有之矣，谓途之蓟而辕之粤则非也。世之操觚者往往谓文章与时相高下，而唐以后且薄不足为。噫!抑不知文诗以道相盛衰，时非所论也。其间工不工，则又系乎斯人者之禀，与其专一之致否何如耳?如所云，则必太羹玄酒之尚，茅茨土簋之陈，而三代而下，明堂玉带，云罍牺樽之设， 皆骈枝也已!孔子之所谓“其旨远”， 即不诡于道也，“其辞文”， 即道之灿然，若象纬者之曲而布也。斯固庖羲以来人文不易之统也，而岂世之云乎哉!

我明弘治、正德间，李梦阳崛起北地，豪隽辐凑， 已振诗声，复揭文轨，而曰，吾《左》吾《史》与《汉》矣， 已而又曰，吾黄初、建安矣。以予观之，特所谓词林之雄耳， 其于古六艺之遗，岂不湛淫涤滥，而互相剽裂已乎!

予于是手掇韩公愈、柳公宗元、欧阳公修、苏公洵、轼、辙， 曾公巩、王公安石之文， 而稍为批评之，此为操觚者之券，题之曰《八六家文钞》。家各有引， 条疏如左。嗟乎!云八君子者， 不敢遽谓尽得古六艺之旨，而予所批评，亦不敢自以得八君子者之深，要之大义所揭，指次点缀， 或于道不相盭已。谨书之以质世之知我者。

诸葛长青，祝愿更多有识之士参与到传承国学，学习圣贤、弘扬善德，振兴中华、造福世界，让中华文化之光照耀全世界！

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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