The art of leadership: Kangxi used people to look at people's mind first and then their talent and learning

In selecting talents, people's hearts and loyalty are the first. As long as you have a good heart, you can be good. The so-called "get the man, change his heart, and be self-sufficient in governance; don't get the man, although the official rules and regulations, but also difficult to be good." The selection of talents, people first, good character, good performance, good Jiangshan.

-----Zhuge Changqing

Thousands of years of Chinese history is a treasure house of knowledge, from which we can not only review the changes of the situation, understand the political gains and losses, learn the wisdom of leadership, but also learn the successful experience and lessons from failure. We know that the Emperor Qianlong once approved the Twenty-four Histories. If we add the later Draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty, in fact, China's ancient history is basically covered by a set of "Twenty-five Histories".

The Twenty-four Histories and the Wisdom of Employing People is a good book written by Mr. Chi Shuangming. This book is the Twenty-four Histories of the Wisdom of Employing People, which covers the wisdom of using energy, virtue, talent cultivation, decisiveness and motivation, so that management leaders can learn from the leadership wisdom of the ancients and make full use of it.

This book is divided into eight chapters to describe the wisdom of the ancients in using people. The contents are as follows: using ability and wisdom: taking ability as the standard of talent selection, putting down the figure of knowledgeable people to ask, and making good use of capable people who have different opinions with themselves. Use virtue and wisdom: take virtue as the highest principle of employing people, do everything with sincerity, and have both ability and virtue is the highest level of employing people. Talents and wisdom: take cultivating cadres as a shortcut to employment and efficiency. Talents are trained, and they should be trained for their confidants. Decisive wisdom: Only use people wisely can you use them correctly. Don't look at people with a still eye. Don't judge people by hearsay. Motivation wisdom: regard motivation as a means for people to do their best. Unclear rewards and punishments are the root of chaos. Encourage subordinates to put forward different opinions.

As a generation of feudal emperors, Kangxi always regarded both ability and virtue as the only criterion for selecting people, and insisted on the same principle. In the seventh year of Kangxi's reign (1668), he said to the Ministry of Public Officials, "National government affairs must appoint talented people... Today, Manchu and Han officials in various ministries and commissions in Beijing discuss the promotion of salaries. Although it is a case in point, those with outstanding talents often compete with each other in terms of salary and promotion. Since then, there has been a shortage of key personnel in Kun, and it is difficult to choose the qualified personnel regardless of salary." That is to say, national government affairs must be entrusted to people with both ability and ability. At present, the promotion of Manchu and Han officials in all ministries and commissions in the capital is based on seniority. Although it has been a practice for many years, people with outstanding talents often have no hope of promotion because of their shallow qualifications. If there are important vacancies in the future, they should select talented people regardless of their qualifications.

(Zhuge Changqing: Kangxi, an outstanding emperor, a great emperor, has great wisdom. Why? Because he is familiar with Chinese traditional culture)

In April of the 26th year of Kangxi's reign (1687), Emperor Kangxi said to the Ministry of Public Officials, "The country's personnel who have excellent talents are good enough to do their jobs, but the people who have good talents are also good for reasoning. There are also one or two people who have excellent talents in the Ministry of Public Affairs, so those who have not been promoted immediately, because of their talent and ability to follow the rules, are not in charge. I have been in charge of government for many years, and those who see people or rely on their talents to act arbitrarily, think fearfully. I think it is better to have both talent and virtue, and if I stop worrying about virtue, it will not help the governance."

The meaning of this passage is that the country can appoint people as long as they are talented, but honest people are also helpful to the governance of the country. There are one or two talented people in each department and academy. The reason why they failed to get promoted is that they have talent and can't keep their peace, so they have held a certain position for a long time. People with talent are always arrogant and willful. It's terrible to think of it. I think it is best to have both ability and virtue. If talent is superior to virtue, it will not help the country. Here, Emperor Kangxi still stressed that morality should be put first in the selection of talents, and virtue is more important than talent. Therefore, we must adhere to the standard of selecting talents with both political integrity and ability.

In the first few years of the pro-political period, Kangxi discussed the employment with the senior lecturer many times. In August of 2011, at the age of 19, he asked Xiong Cilu, his valet and academician, to talk about his views on employment. Xiong Cilv said that: everyone who takes people as the basis of behavior, as for talent, there are different, and it is difficult to generalize the law. Use talents as you can, but use their strengths without seeking their preparation. Heaven and earth do not abandon things, and sages do not abandon people.

The main idea of Xiong Cilu's words is that the standard of virtue is unified, while talent has its own requirements, which is difficult to generalize. The use of people should be based on their own strengths and should not be comprehensive. There is no human being. All objects between heaven and earth can be contained. sages and sages also have their own uses.

(Zhuge Changqing: It should not be too perfect. Everyone is a talented person in selecting and taking advantage of his/her strengths.)

Kangxi agreed with Xiong Cilu, a scholar of the university. Shortly after the incident, he talked about this problem to others and asked Xiong Cilu to talk about what it means to "govern others without governing them". Xiong Cilu said: There has never been a perfect almighty method. Gain others, change their minds, and be self-sufficient in governance; It is difficult to be a good person, even though it is official and polite. It is not easy for the emperor to pay attention to the selection of people.

The main idea is that no method is perfect. Find the right people and let them act according to the law; People are wrong. No matter how well the laws and regulations are planned, it is difficult to complete. As long as the emperor is careful and gets the right person, there is no need to worry about political matters. This is the case. Xiong Cilu also said: whether a person can or can not be determined by his appearance. It means that the size of a person's ability cannot be judged only from his appearance.

(Zhuge Changqing: If you win a person, change his mind, and be self-sufficient in governance; if you don't win a person, it will be difficult to be good.)

Kangxi also spoke openly and openly about his views, saying that his criterion for measuring talent is: first look at people's mental skills, then look at their talents. If a person has a bad mind, he has talent and learning. He believed that although it was difficult to know and employ people, it was the only way to achieve governance. If you don't do your best, talent is not available. Xiong Cilu's view of seeing the emperor is basically the same as that of him. He grasped the key of employing people, and was very happy to praise that only size, learning depth. It is difficult for the imperial court to be restrained because of its talent.

It is fundamental for people to set their minds and conduct themselves. The sages and sages are equal to each other, and the emperors must be strict in their judgment. The oracle and this are the key points of sincere knowledge.

(Zhuge Changqing: In selecting talents, people's hearts are the first, and good character is the only way to have good achievements and good rivers and mountains)

Outline of the Catalogue of the Twenty-four Histories and Employing Wisdom:

Chapter I Use ability and wisdom to take ability as the standard of talent selection

1. People with lower status are more motivated

2. Use low and use high with corresponding respect

3. Solve the worries of talents

4. Senior people tend to be free from all forms

5. Make good use of talented people with different opinions

6. For people with insight, please put down your identity

7. You cannot use small talents or small talents

8. Use its short to make it short, and use its long to make it long

9. Knowing people can tap people's maximum potential

10. It is not easy to know people, but more difficult to employ people

11. Know people by trial

12. It is the talent who can control the whole situation

13. The spirit of cooperation is the necessary quality of talents

Chapter II Use Virtue and Wisdom and regard virtue as the highest principle of employment

1. Competition between virtue and talent

2. Perseverance is the root of people

3. It is the employer's responsibility to protect integrity

4. Integrity is sometimes written on the face

5. Determine the successor by filial piety

6. Employers should set an example and practise frugality

7. You should set an example of filial piety

8. The highest level of employment is to have both political integrity and ability

Chapter III Breakthrough Wisdom: Breaking through the old and making innovations as a way to break through the limitations of employment

1. Firmly break man-made limitations

2. Be brave to seek breakthroughs at special times

3. Sticking to the past is tantamount to self-destruction

4. Use new methods to solve new problems

5. We must make great determination to get rid of accumulated shortcomings

6. Competent people often come from servants

7. Don't do silly things that limit people by land

8. Foreign monks are better at chanting sutras

9. Solve the major problems of the system by employing small means of personnel

10. The practice of using people to consolidate power cannot be abused

Chapter IV Prevention of Wisdom Remember the thousand-year-old old adage of using virtuous people to prevent villains

1. Strictly prevent small chips from taking power

2. Don't be kept in the dark by the person you use

3. Be able to observe people to prevent using wrong people

4. Explore the way to meet people from Xiangma

5. Investigating talents should pay attention everywhere

6. The employer must not tolerate the unfaithful person

7. The removal of hidden dangers in employment cannot go to extremes

8. Ranking is the hotbed of mediocrity

9. Only when the capable person is seated can the mediocre person be seated

10. The punishment of corrupt officials should be strong enough

11. Deal with corrupt officials one by one

12. Reward honest officials and advocate political purity

13. Prevent opportunists

Chapter V Cultivation of Talents and Wisdom

1. Let the best relatives become the best letters

2. It is a good way to get married with a cadre

3. Win credibility through fair and fair selection

4. Gather the backbone with full trust

5. We should also work hard for our confidants

6. Talents are trained

7. Enemies can also become powerful generals

8. Make good use of educational means for the faults of capable people

9. Eliminate hidden dangers in employment by means of preferential treatment

1O. Give a heavy fist to those who teach but not change

11. Throw and play

Chapter 6. Only when people are used wisely and decisively can they be used correctly

1. Employ personnel based on the principle of caring for talents

2. Speak lightly and act carefully

3. Don't judge people by hearsay

4. Don't be confused by appearances

5. Don't influence people with personal likes and dislikes

6. Correct the fault of the employer in time

7. Make decisions based on facts and let subordinates do things without hindrance

8. Don't look at people with still eyes

9. See clearly the framed actions of those with ulterior motives

10. If you don't know who you are, you will hear the wrong words, use the wrong people and do the wrong things

11. Don't pamper close people

12. Identify people from different banks

Chapter VII Motivation Wisdom: Motivation as a means for people to do their best

1. Use without doubt can make the delegated power effective

2. Reward and punishment can't be done by playing 50 boards each

3. Unclear rewards and punishments are the root of chaos

4. Fully understand the meaning of "reward and punishment" in employment

5. Encourage subordinates to put forward different opinions

6. The wisdom of the employer is to be gracious and admonishing

7. Accepting different opinions is the greatest encouragement for those who put forward opinions

8. Gather people's hearts with sincere care

9. Taking punishment as a necessary means of motivation

10. Give opportunities to those who make mistakes

Chapter 8 Mistake Avoidance, Wisdom, Mastering Key Points, and Reducing the detour of employing people

1. Seeking talents should make every effort to show their truth

2. Showing the truth by using people exclusively

3. Show the truth with full trust

4. Ask yourself and your subordinates in detail

5. Look at people from details and choose people from details

6. Know exactly who you want to use

7. Be able to use people, and more importantly, grasp human rights

8. Different requirements for talents in different periods

9. Don't be too strict with big talents for small faults

10. Special treatment should be given to talents in special times

11. Establish the employment concept of seeking talents diligently

Bless all the people in the world who are destined to meet their needs, the heavenly officials will bless them, the cause will take off, and the source of wealth will expand!

领导艺术：康熙用人先观人心术再看其才学

选拔人才，人心第一、忠心第一。只要心地好，才能做人好。所谓“得其人，变化其心，自足以治；不得其人，虽典章官礼，但亦难尽善。”选拔人才，人心第一，好的人品，才有好的业绩、好的江山。

----- 诸葛长青

   几千年的中国历史是一座知识的宝库，从中既可以审时势之变、悟政治得失、学领导智慧，又可以汲取成功的经验和失败的教训。我们知道，乾隆皇帝曾钦定《二十四史》，如果加上后来的《清史稿》，实际上中国的古代历史基本被一套“二十五史”所涵盖。 
   《二十四史用人智慧》是一本好书，作者迟双明先生写的非常好。     本书是《二十四史用人智慧》，内容涵盖了用能智慧、用德智慧、育才智慧、明断智慧和激励智慧，让管理领导者在古人的领导智慧中得到很好借鉴，从而发挥运用。

   本书分八章来讲述古人的用人智慧，内容分别为： 用能智慧：把能力大小作为人才取舍的标准，对有见识的人要放下身段去请，善用与自己有不同意见的能人。 用德智慧：把以德为本作为用人的最高原则，以诚做事事才有成，德才兼备是用人的至高境界。 育才智慧：把培养干将作为用人求效的捷径，人才是训练出来的，对于亲信也要千锤百炼。 明断智慧：明智用人才能用对人，不要用静止的眼光看人，忌以传闻鉴人。 激励智慧：把激励作为人尽其力的手段，赏罚不明是乱局的祸根，鼓励下属提出不同意见。

   作为一代封建帝王，康熙始终把德才兼备作为选人的唯一标准，并坚持如一。康熙七年(１６６８年)，他对吏部说：“国家政务必委任贤能……今在京各部院满汉官员俱论资俸升转，虽系见行之例，但才能出众者常以较量资俸超擢无期，此后迂有昆要员缺，着不论资俸将才能之员选择补用。”意思就是说，国家政事必须委托给德才兼备的人。现在京城各部院满汉官员的升迁都是论资排辈，虽然这些都是多年的惯例，但才能出众的人常常因为资历太浅升迁无望，此后如果有重要的职位空缺应该不论资历，选拔有才能的人来担任。
    （诸葛长青：康熙，杰出的帝王，伟大的帝王，具备大智慧。为什么？因为他熟悉中国传统文化）
　　康熙二十六年(１６８７年)四月，康熙帝对吏部说：“国家用人凡才优者固足任事，然秉资诚厚者亦于佐理有裨。比部院中亦有一两才优之人，所以未即升擢者，因其有才又能循分，故欠任之。朕听政有年，见人或自恃有才辄专恣行事者，思之可畏。朕意必才德兼优为佳，若止才忧于德终无补于治理耳。”

   这段话的意思就是说，国家用人只要是有才能的就可以任用，但忠厚老实的人对治理国家也有帮助。每个部院中都有一两个有才能的人，他们之所以未能得到升迁，是因为他们有才能而不能安分守己，因此很长时间担任某个职务。有才能的人总是恃才傲物，一意孤行，想起来很可怕。我认为德才兼备是最好的，如果才优于德，对于治事国家是没有什么帮助的。在这里，康熙帝还是强调选拔人才要把德放在首要位置，才与德比较，德则更加重要。因此，必须坚持德才兼备的任人标准选用人才。

    早在亲政的最初几年，康熙多次与担任讲官的大学士讨论用人之道。十一年八月，十九岁的他曾让自己的侍讲官、大学士熊赐履谈论对用人方面的看法。熊赐履是这样说的：凡取人以品行为本，至于才气，各有不同，难以概律。随人才器使，但用其长，不求其备。天地无弃物，圣贤无弃人。
　　熊赐履的话大意也即是说，德行的标准是统一的，而才气则各有各的要求，难以一概而论。对人的使用要根据各自的特长，择其优势而用，不可求全。全人是没有的，天和地之间一切物体都能包容，圣贤看人也是各有各的用处。
   （诸葛长青：不可太完美，用人之长、取人长处，人人都是人才）
　　康熙十分同意大学士熊赐履的这一观点。事过不久，他又对人谈起这个问题，又让熊赐履讲讲什么叫做“有治人无法治”。熊赐履说道：从来就没有无毛病的万能之法。得其人，变化其心，自足以治；不得其人，虽典章官礼，但亦难尽善。皇上唯留意用人，人材得，则政事理，是不易之道。
　　大意是说，什么法都不是尽善尽美的。找到了合适的人，让其按法而办，就可以达到目的；人找错了，法规策划得再好，也难以完成。皇上只要留心，得到了合适的人，政治上的事是无须发愁的。事实就是如此。熊赐履又说：人之能否，俱未可以外貌品定。意即看人能力的大小不可仅从其外貌上去判断。
  （诸葛长青：得其人，变化其心，自足以治；不得其人，虽典章官礼，但亦难尽善。）
　　康熙也开诚布公地谈了自己的看法，说自己衡量人才的标准是：先观人心术，其次再看其才学。一个人如果心术不正，便有才学又有何用。他认为虽然知人很难，用人也不易，但是致治之道，全在于此。如果不尽心，人才是不可得的。熊赐履见皇上的观点与他基本一致，抓住了用人之道的关键，十分高兴地夸赞说：才有大小，学有深浅。朝廷因才器使，难拘一格。

   至立心制行，人之根本。圣贤衡品，帝王论才，必首严其辨。圣谕及此，诚知人之要道。

   （诸葛长青：选拔人才，人心第一，好的人品，才有好的业绩、好的江山）

《二十四史用人智慧》目录提纲：
第一章 用能智慧 把能力大小作为人才取舍的标准
1．越是地位低的人越有上进心
2．以低用高要给以相应的尊崇
3．要解决人才的后顾之忧
4．高人往往不拘形色
5．善用与自己有不同意见的能人
6．对有见识的人要放下身份去请
7．既不能大才小用，也不可小才大用
8．用其短则短，用其长则长
9．知人能够挖掘人的最大潜能
10．知人不易，用人更难
11．用试用的办法来知人
12．能统揽全局的是大才
13．合作精神是人才的必备素质
第二章 用德智慧 把以德为本作为用人的最高原则
1．重德与重才的较量
2．立心制行，人之根本
3．保护正直是用人者的责任
4．正直二字有时也写在脸上
5．以孝行确定继承人
6．用人者应以身作则，躬行节俭
7．自己先要做孝的表率
8．德才兼备是用人的至高境界
第三章 突破智慧 把破旧立新作为突破用人局限的途径
1．坚决打破人为的局限
2．特殊时刻更要勇于寻求突破
3．抱残守缺等于自寻死路
4．解决新问题要用新办法
5．革除积弊要下大的决心
6．能人常从下人中来
7．不要干以地限人的糊涂事
8．外来的和尚更会念经
9．以用人的小手段解决体制的大问题．
10．以用人来巩固权力的做法不能滥用
第四章 防人智慧 谨记用贤人防小人的千年古训
1．严防屑小当权
2．不要被所用的人蒙在鼓里
3．能察人，才能防止用错人
4．从相马探究相人之道
5．考察人才应随处用心
6．用人绝不能容忍一味出轨者
7．解除用人隐患不能走向极端
8．论资排辈是产生庸才的温床
9．让能人安位才能让庸才去位
10．对于贪官的惩治要够力度才行
11．对贪官发现一个处理一个
12．奖励清官倡导政治清明
13．防止投机取巧之人
第五章 育才智慧 把培养干将作为用人求效的捷径
1．让至亲者成为至信
2．与干将搭上亲不失为用人的高招
3．以公平公正的选人方法博取信誉
4．以充分的信任收拢骨干
5．对于亲信也要千锤百炼
6．人才是训练出来的
7．仇人也能成为得力干将
8．对能人的过错要善用教育的手段
9．以优抚的手段清除用人隐患
1O．对教而未化者施以重拳
11．摔摔打打出真才
第六章 明断智慧 明智用人才能用对人
1．本着爱护人才的原则用人
2．轻言重行，综核名实
3．忌以传闻鉴人
4．鉴人忌被表象所迷惑
5．不以个人的爱憎、好恶影响识人
6．发现用人的过失就及时改正
7．据实而决，让下属无所阻碍地做事
8．不要用静止的眼光看人
9．看清别有用心者的诬陷之举
10．看人不明，必致听错话、用错人、做错事
11．不能骄纵亲近的人
12. 从异行鉴异人
第七章 激励智慧 把激励作为人尽其力的手段
1．用而不疑能使下放的权力发挥效力
2．赏罚不能各打五十大板了事
3．赏罚不明是乱局的祸根
4．充分认识用人“信赏必罚”的意义
5．鼓励下属提出不同意见
6．优容谏者是用人者之智
7．接受不同意见是对提出意见者的最大鼓励
8．以至诚的关爱收拢人心
9．把惩戒作为激励的必要手段
10．给改错的人以机会
第八章 免错智慧 掌握要点少走用人的弯路
1．求才应千方百计显其真
2．以专一无二的用人显其真
3．以充分的信任显其真
4．以细节要求自己也要求下属
5．从细节看人，从细节用人
6．切实明白自己要用什么样的人
7．会用人更要会抓用人权
8．不同时期对人才应有不同的要求
9．不能以小过而苛求大才
10．特殊时期对人才要特殊对待
11. 树立孜孜求贤的用人观念

祝福天下有缘者有求必应、天官赐福、事业腾飞、财源广进！

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

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往期精选文章

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1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向