Learn and use Sun Tzu's Art of War

Learn and use Sun Tzu's Art of War

Operations II

Starting from the dependence of war on manpower, material resources and financial resources, this article focuses on the quick and decisive offensive strategy of "victory is not expensive for a long time", and puts forward operational guiding principles such as "food for the enemy", "winning the enemy and gaining strength".

Original text

Sun Tzu said: All the methods of military use, such as driving thousands of cars, leather cars, carrying hundreds of thousands of armor, thousands of miles of food, internal and external expenses, guests' use, the material of glue paint, and the service of armor, will cost thousands of dollars a day, and then the 100000 division will be carried out.

Its use of war will also win. If it is long, the troops will be blunt and sharp. If it is attacked, the forces will be bent. If it is long, the army will be inadequate. If a man is blunt and his troops are sharp, and his strength is exhausted, the marquis will rise by taking advantage of his disadvantages. Although there are wise men, they can't do well after him. Therefore, it is too slow to see the opportunity for a long time. There is no such thing as a long army and a good country. Therefore, those who do not fully understand the harm of military use cannot fully understand the benefits of military use.

Those who are good at using the military will no longer serve for three years, but will use the food for the country. Because the food is for the enemy, the army can eat enough.

If the country is poor, the teachers will lose far, and if the people lose far, they will be poor; Those who are close to teachers should sell more. If they sell more, the people will run out of money. If they run out of money, they will be eager to serve. The Central Plains is empty at home because of strength and wealth. The cost of the people is seven out of ten; For the expenses of the public, the broken car, the broken horse, the armor, the arrow and crossbow, the halberd, the shield, the shield, and the large cart of the cattle are six out of ten.

Therefore, the wise general must feed the enemy. If you eat the enemy for one hour, you will kill me for twenty; One stone is worth twenty.

He who kills the enemy is angry; Those who take advantage of the enemy will also buy goods. Therefore, in the war of chariots, ten vehicles have been taken, the first one has been rewarded, and the flag has been changed. The vehicles are miscellaneous and the passengers are good, and the soldiers are good, which means winning the enemy and gaining strength.

Therefore, it is not expensive to win for a long time.

I know the general of the soldiers and the command of the living people. He is also the leader of national security.

[Translation]

Sun Tzu said, "The general rule of war is to send a thousand chariots, a thousand baggage carts, an army of 100000, and a thousand miles to carry grain."; So the front and rear expenses, the expenses for entertaining diplomatic envoys, the supply of equipment and supplies, and the maintenance and replenishment of weapons and equipment will cost thousands of dollars every day, and then 100000 troops can go out. Fighting with such a large army requires quick victory. If it lasts for a long time, it will make the army tired and demoralized. If it attacks a city, it will exhaust its strength. If it exposes the army to foreign countries for a long time, it will make the country's financial and economic difficulties.

If the army is tired, demoralized, exhausted, and the economy is exhausted, the vassals of other countries will take advantage of this crisis to attack, and even if there are very smart people at that time, they can't recover the crisis. Therefore, in the war, I only heard of those who prefer to be clumsy and seek quick victory, but have never seen those who seek to be skillful and delay for a long time. Never before has a lasting war benefited the country. Therefore, those who cannot fully understand the harm of military use cannot fully understand the benefits of military use.

For those who are good at military use, soldiers cannot be recruited twice, and grain cannot be transported three times; If weapons and equipment are supplied from home, the enemy will collect food, so that military food can be met.

Long-distance transportation is an important reason for the country's poverty caused by military use; Long-distance transportation will make people poor. The prices of the places close to the army are soaring, which will deplete the wealth of the people; When wealth dried up, they were eager to impose additional taxes and labor. The military is increasingly exhausted, the financial resources are increasingly exhausted, and the domestic family is empty. Seven tenths of the people's property was consumed; Six tenths of the public's wealth will also be consumed due to the damage of vehicles, the fatigue of horses, the wear and tear of equipment, weapons, war gear and the damage of baggage vehicles.

So the wise general must supply food in the enemy country. Because one hour of enemy food is equivalent to 20 hours of transportation from the country; Collect 1 stone of feed locally, which is equivalent to transporting 20 stones from the country.

To make the army brave enough to kill the enemy, it is necessary to arouse their hatred of the enemy; To make the army brave enough to seize the enemy's wealth, we must reward the soldiers. In the war of chariots, those who capture more than 10 chariots should be rewarded for winning the chariot first, and the flag on the chariot should be replaced. They should be mixed into their own team, and the captured soldiers should be treated and supported. This is what we call defeating the enemy and making ourselves stronger.

Therefore, military warfare is the most expensive to win quickly, rather than lasting. Generals who are proficient in the use of force are those who control the fate of the people and the security of the country.

Narration:

Starting from the dependence of war on manpower, material resources and financial resources, this article focuses on the quick and decisive offensive strategy of "victory is not expensive for a long time", and puts forward operational guiding principles such as "food for the enemy", "winning the enemy and gaining strength".

（1） War depends on economy

This article takes 100000 troops for example, and estimates the logistics supply of weapons and equipment. Before the troops go out, thousands of dollars will be spent every day. As the famous Austrian general Modguguri said, "The first element of war is money, the second element is money, and the third element is money.".

（2） It is not advisable to delay in declaring victory in offensive operations

Starting from the simple dialectic thought of "those who do not fully know the harm of military use cannot fully understand the benefit of military use", Sun Tzu emphatically expounds the strategic proposition of quick combat and quick decision in offensive operations. The reason for this is determined by the political purpose, economic conditions and military strength of the war between the two sides.

（3） Feed the war with war

In order to solve the conflict between the need of war and the difficulty of rear supply, and to reduce the financial expenditure and the burden of the people, Sun Tzu advocated that "service will no longer be registered, food will not last for three years, and food will be used for the country, but for the enemy". It means that the conscription is not repeated, and the grain is not transported three times; In this paragraph, he also made a 1 ∶ 20 benefit quantity calculation: "Eat the enemy for one hour, and we will eat for twenty minutes..." That is to say, in terms of transportation costs, it is still cost-effective to collect and distribute food in the enemy's country. Adopting the policy similar to "supporting war with war" can both "feed the enemy with food" and "take advantage of the enemy", that is, the army's combat food can be provided locally in the enemy country. In addition, it can reduce the burden of logistics supply and reduce the taxes and servitude of the people.

The principle of "food for the enemy" has always been valued and applied by the belligerent countries. For example, when Napoleon attacked Russia, he wanted to "feed the enemy", but Russia stood firm and cleared the country. It was also a severe winter. The French army was hungry and cold, and finally retreated. Those who are good at fighting with Napoleon can't help saying, "Food, food. If there is no food, the army will collapse."

  活学活用《孙子兵法》 作战篇第二

活学活用《孙子兵法》 

作战篇第二

  本篇从战争对人力、物力和财力的依赖关系出发，着重论述了“兵贵胜，不贵久”的速战速决的进攻战略，并提出了“因粮于敌”，“胜敌而益强”等作战指导原则。

原文  

   孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮，内外之费，宾客之用，胶漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。

   其用战也胜，久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，久暴师则国用不足。夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者，不能善其后矣。故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。
   善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。

国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫；近于师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，财竭则急于丘役。力屈、财殚，中原内虚于家。百姓之费，十去其七；公家之费，破车罢马，甲胄矢弩，戟盾蔽橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。

故智将务食于敌。食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；萁杆一石，当吾二十石。

故杀敌者，怒也；取敌之利者，货也。故车战，得车十乘已上，赏其先得者，而更其旌旗，车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。

故兵贵胜，不贵久。

故知兵之将，生民之司命。国家安危之主也。

[译文]

  孙子说：凡兴兵打仗的一般规律，要出动战车千辆，辎重车千辆，军队10 万，还要千里运粮；那么前方后方的经费，招待外交使节的开支，器材物资的供应，武器装具的保养补充，每天要耗费千金，然后10 万大军才能出动。用这样大的军队作战，就要求速胜。持久就会使军队疲惫、锐气挫伤，攻城就会耗尽力量，让军队长期暴露在国外，会使国家财政经济发生困难。

   如果军队疲惫、锐气挫伤，军力耗尽、经济枯竭，则列国诸侯就会乘此危机起兵进攻，那时虽有很高明的人，也无法挽回危局了。所以，用兵打仗只听说宁拙而求速胜的，没见过求巧而久拖的。战争持久对国家有利，是从来没有过的。所以，不能完全了解用兵害处的人，就不能完全了解用兵的好处。

   善于用兵的人，兵员不能征集两次，粮秣不能三次运送；如果武器装备从国内补给，粮秣就敌国征集，这样，军用粮秣就可以满足了。

   国家因用兵而导致贫困的，远道运输是个重要原因；远道运输就会使百姓贫困。靠近军队的地方物价飞涨，物价飞涨就会使百姓财富枯竭；财富枯竭，就急于加征赋税和劳役。军力日益耗尽，财力日益枯竭，国内家家空虚。百姓的财物耗去十分之七；公家的资财，由于车辆损坏，战马疲惫，装备、兵器、战具的损耗以及辎重车辆的损坏，也要耗去十分之六。

所以聪明的将帅，务求在敌国补给粮食。因为吃敌粮食1 钟，相当于从本国运输20 钟；就地征集饲料1 石，相当于从本国运输20 石。

   要使军队勇敢杀敌，就要激起他们对敌人的仇恨；要使军队勇于夺取敌人的资财，就要奖赏士卒。在车战中，凡缴获战车10 辆以上的，要奖赏最先夺得战车的人，并更换战车上的旗帜，混合编人己方车队之中，对俘虏的士卒要优待和供养他们。这就是所谓战胜敌人而使自己愈加强大。

   所以用兵作战最贵速胜，而不宜持久。精通用兵之法的将帅，是掌握人民生死命运的人，是国家安危的主宰。

[解说]

   本篇从战争对人力、物力和财力的依赖关系出发，着重论述了“兵贵胜，不贵久”的速战速决的进攻战略，并提出了“因粮于敌”，“胜敌而益强”等作战指导原则。

   （一）战争依赖于经济

   本篇以10 万部队出征为例，从武器装备等后勤供应方面进行概算，部队出动之前，每天要耗费千金正如奥国名将莫德古古里说：“作战第一要素是钱，第二要素是钱，第三要素还是钱。”。

   （二）在进攻作战中宣递胜不宜久拖

   孙子从“不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利”这一朴素的辩证法思想出发，着重阐述了在进攻作战中速战速决的战略主张。其所以如此，是由攻防双方战争的政治目的、经济条件和军事力量等基本条件决定的。

  （三）以战养战

  为了解决战争需要和后方补给困难的矛盾，为了减少财政开支和人民负担，孙子主张“役不再籍，粮不三载，取用于国，因粮于敌”。意思是，征兵不一再的征，粮秣不三次的运送；军需从国内取用，粮秣在敌国就地解决，他在这段文字中还作了一个1∶20 的效益数量计算：“食敌一钟，当吾二十钟......，”就是说，从运输成本计算，还是在敌国就地征发划算。采取这种类似“以战养战”的方针既可以“因粮于敌”，“取敌之利”，即军队的作战粮食能在敌国就地解决。又能够减轻后勤供应上的负担，少征老百姓的赋役。

   “因粮于敌”的原则，历来被各交战国所重视和运用。例如，拿破仑征俄，本想“因粮于敌”，但俄国坚壁清野，又逢严冬，法军饥寒交迫，终败退而返。善战加拿破仑者也不禁说：“粮食、粮食，如没有粮食，军队就要崩溃了。”

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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