Interpretation of the 48th Nanman in Zhuge Liang's Art of War

The 48th Nanman

——We should fight quickly

There are many kinds of southern barbarians. They can't teach each other. They can unite with friends. If they are frustrated, they will attack each other. The cave is close to the mountain, or gathered or scattered, west to Kunlun, east to the ocean sea, and the sea products are strange. The old people are greedy and brave to fight. There are many diseases in spring and summer. The advantage is to fight with diseases. It is not necessary to master for a long time.

translation

There are many small barbaric nationalities in the south. Their temperament cannot be taught. These nationalities often form different interest groups and attack each other when they encounter big interests. They usually live near caves and waters. Some nationalities gather in one place, while others are scattered everywhere. Their activities range from Kunlun Mountain in the west to the sea in the east. They have strange seafood there, and their enemies are greedy and belligerent. Plague often occurs in spring and summer, Therefore, in the case of the use of force against the South Barbarians, we can only make a quick decision and not stay for a long time.

analysis

This article clearly points out that there are many ethnic groups in the South Barbarians who are not easy to educate and love to make friends, but they are slightly dissatisfied and attack each other. Moreover, these ethnic groups live in a scattered and uncertain way, and are greedy but brave. Infectious diseases are often prevalent in the residential areas of Nanman in spring and summer. In response to these situations, Zhuge Liang pointed out that the fight against the South Barbarians should be quick and decisive, rather than protracted.

Extension example

Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo seven times

In the third year of Jianxing in the Shu Dynasty (225 A.D.), there was a rebellion in the area of Nanzhong (now the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan). Zhuge Liang personally led the army to go out, and with the help of his stratagem, the war was bloodless, and the Nanzhong Rebellion was quelled. Then, Zhuge Liang continued his southern expedition and attacked Meng Huo.

Meng Huo is a tribal chieftain in the south central region. He has the courage of thousands of men and the courage to uphold justice. He has great prestige among ethnic minorities. Zhuge Liang ordered his subordinates not to hurt Meng Huo, but to catch him alive. Zhuge Liang followed Ma Su's advice and decided to win Meng Huo over as much as possible.

In the first battle, the Shu army captured Meng Huo under the command of Zhuge Liang. When the soldier took Meng Huo into the camp, Zhuge Liang personally untied him and asked for a banquet to entertain him. The next day, Zhuge Liang accompanied him to visit the camp of the Shu army. At the end of the visit, Zhuge Liang asked Meng Huo, "How is our army?" Meng Huo not only did not praise, but said, "But so. I didn't know your reality before, so I was defeated. Now I see your deployment. If I go back, I will defeat you." Zhuge Liang laughed and let Meng Huo go. A few days later, Meng Huo led his troops to challenge him and was defeated and captured. Meng Huo still didn't admit defeat, and Zhuge Liang let him go again.

In this way, Meng Huo was caught seven times, and for the seventh time, Zhuge Liang still wanted to let him go. He knelt down and cried, "I sincerely belong to you, and I will no longer resist." Zhuge Liang said to the generals, "It is only when force is used to suppress and disobey." Later, Zhuge Liang appointed Meng Huo as an official of the Shu Han Dynasty, leaving no Han officials, and let Meng Huo manage himself. After Meng Huo was loyal to Shu Han, the southern area was completely settled.

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》 南蛮第四十八

南蛮第四十八

——宜速战速决

   南蛮多种，性不能教，连合朋党，失意则相攻。居洞依山，或聚或散，西至昆仑，东至洋海，海产奇货，故人贪而勇战。春夏多疾疫，利在疾战，不可久师也。

译文

　　南部有许多小的野蛮民族，他们的性情是无法教化的，这些民族常常结合成不同的利益团体，遇到大的利害就互相攻伐，他们平时住在山洞水边，有的民族聚集一处，有的民族则分散在各处，西到昆仑山、东到大海都是他们活动的范围，他们那里海产奇货，敌人个个贪婪好战，春夏两季常发生瘟疫，所以对南蛮用兵，只能速战速决，不可以久留。

　　解析

　　本篇文章明确指出，南蛮有许多民族，不易教化，爱结朋党，但稍有不满又互相攻打。而且这些民族居住分散，聚分不定，为人贪心，却很勇敢。南蛮居住区春夏常流行传染病。针对这些情况，诸葛亮指出，对南蛮应该速战速决，而不能打持久战。

　　拓例

　　诸葛亮七擒孟获
　　蜀汉建兴三年（公元２２５年），蜀国南中（今云贵川交界处）一带拥兵叛乱。诸葛亮亲率大军出征，凭计谋，兵不血刃，平定了南中之乱。接着，诸葛亮继续南征，讨伐孟获。
　　孟获是南中一带的部落酋长，有万夫不当之勇，豪侠仗义，在少数民族中很有威望。诸葛亮命令部下，遇到孟获，千万不要伤害他，要抓活的。诸葛亮又听从参军马谡的忠告，攻心为上，决定尽力把孟获争取过来。
　　第一次战斗，蜀军在诸葛亮的指挥下逮住了孟获。当兵士押孟获进营帐时，诸葛亮亲自给他松绑，还叫人摆酒席款待他。第二天，诸葛亮陪他参观蜀军营地，参观结束时，诸葛亮问孟获：“我们的军队怎么样？”孟获不仅不赞扬，反而说：“不过如此。以前我不知道你们的虚实，所以战败了。现在我看到了你们的部署，如果放我回去，我一定能战胜你们。”诸葛亮笑着，把孟获放走了。几天以后，孟获果然带兵来挑战，结果又战败被俘。孟获还是不认输，诸葛亮又放了他。
　　就这样，孟获被捉住七次，第七次，诸葛亮还要放走他，他跪地哭道：“我真心诚意地归附你们，不再反抗了。”诸葛亮对部将说：“靠武力往往压而不服，这样才是心悦诚服。”后来，诸葛亮任命孟获为蜀汉官吏，不留汉官，让孟获他们自己管理自己。孟获以后忠于蜀汉，南方一带彻底安定了。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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