Interpreting the fortieth book of Li Shi in Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Court

Lishi No.40

——In running the army, we should accumulate grace and establish trust

The way to use military force is to respect the nobles and support them with money; If you accept it with courtesy, and if you accept it with faith, you will die; If you are tireless in accumulating grace, and if you draw a picture of the law, you will be satisfied with it; The first is the body, and the second is the person, then the person is brave; Small good deeds must be recorded, and small achievements must be rewarded, so the scholars are all persuaded.

translation

The way for generals to use their troops is to honor them with titles and provide them with certain property, so that there is no one who does not work hard; Receive him according to etiquette and encourage him with heart, so that there is no soldier who does not work hard; We should continue to give favours to our subordinates and implement the military law without discrimination, so that the generals and men will not be unconvinced. Take the lead in everything, and then ask others, so that no soldier is not brave. If you do a good deed, you will praise it, and if you do a little merit, you will reward it, so that no soldier will not do his best.

analysis

This article discusses that the generals must be good at motivating the generals and men. According to the present statement, it is necessary to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the generals and men. It goes without saying that only when soldiers use their lives can they win. The article not only puts forward problems, but also puts forward solutions. The author puts forward five ways to motivate the generals and men, including rewards, courtesies, animal kindness, being the first scholar, and judging merit and reward. These are all effective ways to lead the generals and men. The key is to use these methods comprehensively and consistently, and treat them equally, so as to have the morale of the army, and to serve the life of the scholars and men, and win the battle.

Extension example

Yuejia Army conquers the enemy

After Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, he was repeatedly attacked by the Jin army. In order to protect his country, Yue Fei joined the army and began to participate in the anti-Jin struggle, He crossed the Yellow River with Wang Yan, the leader of the "Eight-character Army" (the officers and soldiers of the "Eight-character Army" stabbed in the face of "serving the country wholeheartedly, vowing to kill the gold thief" to show their determination, so they called the "Eight-character Army"), and recovered Xinxiang. When they marched to the Taihang Mountains, they captured the gold general Tuoba Yewu in the battle, and shot the king of Heifeng, which shocked the gold army from then on.

Wu Shu went south to fight in Dinghai, Zhejiang. Yue Fei blocked the Jin army in Guangde, winning 6 of 6 wars. Wu Shu lost his armor and fled the Yangtze River in a hurry. In 1104 BC, Yue Fei and Wu Shu fought a decisive battle in Yecheng. Wushu commanded the iron tower soldiers and the kidnappers and rushed to kill them. Yue Fei commanded a group of soldiers who used hooks and sickles to fight. The hook and sickle gun is equipped with a hook and a curved sickle. First hook off the enemy's iron armor with the hook, and then cut off his head with the curved sickle. Another group of knife-axemen were sent out to cut the leg of a horse when they met a kidnapper.

As soon as the two armies met, Yue Yun, the young hero, took the lead in rushing towards the enemy. Where his pair of sledgehammers went, the enemy fell in response.

When the battle was the most intense, Yang Zaixing arrived with his troops. He broke into the enemy's line on his own and wanted to catch Wu Shu alive. Wu Shu fled in confusion under the protection of his subordinates. Yang Zaixing still killed hundreds of golden soldiers after being injured and returned safely. The battle lasted from the afternoon until dark. The Jin army lost tens of thousands of people and fled after a great defeat. Yue Fei won the great victory.

But Wushu was not willing to fail. After seven or eight days, he put together 120000 troops and horses to attack again. Yue Fei sent Yang Zaixing to lead 300 cavalry to try it out first. Yang Zaixing met Jin Bing in Xiaoshanghe. He led 300 cavalry soldiers to fight bravely and killed 2000 enemies. Finally, he died bravely. Zhang Xian and Yue Yun came to support Yang Zaixing with their troops. They also met the enemy and fought bravely to destroy a large number of enemies. Wushu couldn't stop it, so Empress Cang withdrew, and Yue Fei entered Zhuxian Town, 45 miles away from Bianliang.

The reason why Yue's army fought so hard and won many battles is that Yue Fei always chose those brave and good soldiers and practiced day and night. Therefore, the military forces have strict discipline, and wherever they go, they will not offend. The people were deeply moved and volunteered to lead the way for the Yuejia Army to deliver food and report the enemy situation at any time. Therefore, the Yuejia Army can overcome the enemy and win invincibly.

解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》 厉士第四十

励士第四十

——治军当蓄恩立信

  夫用兵之道，尊之以爵，赡之以财，则士无不至矣；接之以礼，厉之以信，则士无不死矣；蓄恩不倦，法若画一，则士无不服矣；先之以身，后之以人，则士无不勇矣；小善必录，小功必赏，则士无不劝矣。

译文

　　将帅用兵的方法，就是用爵位来尊崇他们，用一定的财物来供养他们，这样将士就没有不奋力向前的；按照礼仪来接待他，用心来鼓励他，这样将士就没有不拼命效力的；不断地对部下施恩惠，执行军法一视同仁，这样将士就没有不心悦诚服的。凡事身先士卒，然后再要求别人，这样将士就没有不勇敢的。做一点好事就表扬，有一点功劳就奖赏，这样将士就没有不尽心尽力的。
　　解析

　　本篇文章论述将领必须善于激厉将士，按现在的说法就是要充分调动起将士的积极性。将士用命，才能取胜，这是不言而喻的。文章不但提出了问题，还提出了解决的办法。作者提了五条激励将士的办法，包括奖励、礼遇、畜恩、身先士座、论功行赏，这都是带兵将帅行之有效的办法，关键在于综合使用这些办法并始终如一，一视同仁，那就有得军心，将士人人效命，无往而不胜了。

　　拓例

　　岳家军克敌制胜
　　宋高宗即位以后，多次受金军进犯，岳飞为了保家卫国，他参军入伍，开始参加抗金斗争，他跟着“八字军”首领王彦渡过黄河（所部将士面刺“赤心报国，誓杀金贼"八字，以示决心，故称“八字军”），收复了新乡。在进军到太行山的时候，他们战斗中擒金将拓跋耶乌，枪刺黑风大王，从此威震金军。
　　兀术南下打到浙江定海，岳飞在广德阻击金军，６战６胜，打得兀术丢盔卸甲，仓皇逃过长江。公元前１１０４年，岳飞跟兀术在郾城展开决战。兀术指挥铁塔兵和拐子马，以排山倒海之势冲杀过来。岳飞指挥一批使用钩镰枪的士兵应战。钩镰枪带有一个钩子和一个弯镰，先用钩子把敌人的铁盔甲勾下来，然后用弯镰割掉他的脑袋。又出动一批刀斧手，遇到拐子马，专砍马腿。
　　两军刚一交锋，少年英雄岳云带头冲向敌阵。他那一对大铁锤所到之处，敌人应声而倒。
　　战斗打得最激烈的时候，杨再兴带兵赶到，他单骑闯入敌阵，想要活捉兀术。兀术在手下人的保护下，狼狈而逃。杨再兴在受伤的情况下仍然杀死数百名金兵，安全而归。战斗从下午一直打到天黑，金军损失了几万人马，大败而逃。岳飞得了郾城大捷。
　　但是兀术不甘心失败，过了七八天，他又拼凑了１２万兵马再次发动进攻。岳飞派杨再兴率３００名骑兵先去试探。杨再兴在小商河跟金兵相遇，他带着３００名骑兵奋勇冲杀，歼敌２０００人，最后英勇牺牲。张宪、岳云带兵赶来支援杨再兴，也遇到敌人，奋勇冲杀一阵，歼灭大批敌人。兀术挡不住，只好仓皇后撤，岳飞乘胜进驻离汴梁只有４５里路的朱仙镇。
　　岳家军的战斗所以这样强，打仗屡战屡胜，是因为岳飞平时注意选择那些英勇善战的兵，昼夜操练，十分严格。因此，兵家军纪律严明部队所到之处，秋毫无犯。老百姓深受感动，自愿自发地替岳家军带路送粮，并随时报告敌情。所以，岳家军才能克敌制胜，所向披靡。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

Click the article title to view

往期精选文章

点击文章标题查看

1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向