Interpretation of the situation 37 in Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Court

Situation 37

——Those who make good use of the terrain win

There will be brave and light dead, anxious and quick, greedy and greedy, benevolent but not patient, intelligent and timid, and scheming and slow. It is so brave and light that the dead can be violent; Those who are anxious and quick in heart can take a long time; Those who are greedy and willing to make profits can also be left behind; Those who are benevolent and do not have patience can work; He who is wise and timid may be embarrassed; Those who plan and slow down can attack.

translation

The general's temperament has a direct impact on the war. Some generals are brave and tenacious and do not fear death, some are impatient and impatient, some are greedy for small achievements and small money, some are too kind and lose their dignity, some are scheming but often hesitant, and some are scheming and can't do it by themselves. Therefore, we should adopt different strategies to treat the above generals with different temperaments, and try to make them angry and then eliminate them when dealing with the generals who have only the ability of a man; When dealing with a general who is impatient and impatient, we should use a protracted war and a war of attrition to destroy him; When dealing with a general who is greedy for utility, we should use money and lust to bribe and lure him; When dealing with a general who is merciful and has insufficient authority and severity, we should use various methods to make him busy all day; When dealing with a wise and timid general, you can use a fierce attack to put him in an awkward situation; When dealing with a scheming but slow general, he can be completely destroyed by surprise attack.

analysis

This article discusses tactics against the enemy. It is pointed out that different tactics should be used against different enemies to defeat them. The article divides the enemy generals into six types, and then explains the different strategies to deal with these different enemy generals. The article analyzes the enemy generals in detail, so the proposed strategy is highly targeted and feasible.

Extension example

Liu Bang Chooses General for the Enemy

In August of the same year, Liu Bang appointed Han Xin as the prime minister of the left and right, and led the troops to attack the Wei Wangbao with Cao Shen and Guan Ying to open the channel between the Han army and Hanzhong. Liu Bang called Li Shiqi to inquire about the situation of Wei Wangbao before sending the troops. Liu Bang asked, "Who is General Wei?" Li replied, "It is Bo Zhi." Liu Bang nodded and smiled, "Bo Zhi is a young man who lacks combat experience. He is not my opponent of Han Xin." Then he asked, "Who is General Wei Qi?" Li replied, "It is Ma Jing." Liu Bang stroked his beard with his hand and said with a smile, "It is Ma Jing. He is the son of General Ma Wucho of Qin. Although he has some talent, he cannot defeat me." Liu Bang then asked, "Who will be Wei's footman?" Li immediately replied, "It is." Liu Bang's eyes lit up and immediately said, "It is, and he is not Cao Shen's opponent. So it seems that I have no problem breaking Wei." So Liu Bang, with victory in hand and confidence in mind, immediately sent orders to attack Wei Wangbao.

At this time, it was the rainy season, and the water level of the Yellow River was rising. In order to prevent the attack of the Han army, the king of Wei leopard had already placed heavy troops in Puban (now the west of Yongji County, Shanxi Province) on the east bank of the Yellow River, and tightly blocked the ferry. When Han Xin led his army to the Linxie Ferry across the river from Puban, he found that the Wei army was already ready. The calm and experienced Han Xin looked at the Wei Jun on the opposite bank and the Yellow River flowing eastward. He thought: It seems impossible to cross the river here. Why don't I do something? So Han Xin ordered some of the army to seize the opportunity to raise ships and put on a posture of forced crossing from Linjin. In the dark, he led the main force north to Xiayang (now south of Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province). Han Xin ordered his troops to cut down trees overnight and made many large wooden urns, which were connected by ropes and floated on the water instead of boats. They unexpectedly crossed the Yellow River and rushed to Anyi, an important town behind the Wei army. When Wei Wangbao heard that, he was shocked and hurriedly led his troops to Anyi to meet Han Xin. Han Xin made a tit-for-tat fight against the Wei army. The Wei army was vulnerable to a single attack and was soon routed. The Han army took advantage of the victory to pursue and kill numerous Wei troops, but the king leopard of Wei failed to escape the capture.

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》 情势第三十七

情势第三十七

——为战善用地形者胜

   夫将有勇而轻死者，有急而心速者，有贪而喜利者，有仁而不忍者，有智而心怯者，有谋而情缓者。是故勇而轻死者，可暴也；急而心速者，可久也；贪而喜利者，可遗也；仁而不忍者，可劳也；智而心怯者，可窘也；谋而情缓者，可袭也。

译文

　　将帅的性情对作战有直接的影响。有的将帅勇猛顽强不惧怕死亡，有的将帅性情急躁没有耐心，有的将帅贪爱小功、小财，有的将帅过于仁慈失去了威严，有的将帅虽有计谋但常常犹豫不决，有的将帅则谋略有余而不能身体力行。所以，对待上述不同性情的将帅要采取不同的策略，对待仅有匹夫之能的将帅要设法使其暴躁起来然后消灭他；对待性情急躁没有耐心的将帅，要用持久战、消耗战去消灭他；对待贪图功利的将帅，要用财、色去贿赂引诱他；对待仁慈有余威严不足的将帅要使用各种办法使他整日奔忙；对待智而心怯的将帅，可以用猛烈的进攻使他陷入窘迫的境地；对待谋而情缓的将帅可以用突然袭击的办法使他彻底灭亡。

　　解析

　　本篇文章论述对敌战术。指出对不同的敌人要使用不同的战术，从而克敌致胜。文章把敌军将领分为六种类型，进而说明对付这些不同敌将的不同策略。文章对敌军将领的分析细致入微，因此提出的策略针对性很强，切实可行。

　　拓例

　　刘邦因敌择将帅
　　刘邦于同年８月任命韩信为左右丞相，与曹参、灌婴一道率兵攻打魏王豹，以打通汉军与汉中的通道。刘邦在发兵前把郦食其叫来询问魏王豹的情况。刘邦问：“魏大将是谁？”郦答：“是柏直。”刘邦点头微笑道：“柏直是个乳臭未干的人，缺少作战经验，他不是我韩信的对手。”接着又问：“魏骑将是哪位？”郦答：“是马敬。”刘邦用手捋了一下胡子笑着说：“原来是马敬。他是秦将马无择的儿子，这个人虽然有些才华，但敌不过我灌婴。”刘邦再问：“那么魏步卒将是谁？”郦立即回答：“是项它。”刘邦眼睛一亮，马上说道：“是项它，他更不是曹参的对手，这样看来，我破魏是没问题了。”于是，刘邦在胜利在握，胸有成竹的情况下，立刻传令，向魏王豹进击。
　　此时正值雨季，黄河水位高涨，魏王豹为阻止汉军的攻击，早已把重兵屯于黄河东岸的蒲板（今山西省永济县西），严密封锁了渡口。当韩信率军来到与蒲坂隔河相望的临恶渡口时，发现魏军早已严阵以待。沉着老练的韩信望着对岸的魏军和那涛涛东去的黄河水，心中盘算着：看来在此渡河已不可能，我何不来个将计就计呢？于是，韩信令一部分军队抓紧筹集船只，摆出要从临晋强渡的架势。暗中却乘夜暗率主力北上来到夏阳（今陕西韩城县南）。韩信令部队连夜迅速砍伐树木，制造了很多大木瓮，用绳索连结起来，漂在水上，代替船只，出其不意地渡过了黄河，奔袭魏军后方重镇安邑。魏王豹得知后，大吃一惊，慌忙引兵赶往安邑，迎击韩信。韩信针锋相对，挥师大战魏军。魏军不堪一击，很快被杀得溃不成军。汉军乘胜追杀，斩杀魏军无数，魏王豹最终没能逃脱被擒的下场。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

Click the article title to view

往期精选文章

点击文章标题查看

1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向