Interpretation of the thirty-sixth terrain in Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Garden

Topography 36th

——Those who make good use of the terrain win

If the terrain is favorable, the military will help. Those who seek victory without knowing the battle field have no choice. The mountains, forests, earth and tombs, and the great rivers, are the place of infantry; The mountains are narrow and the vines are related to each other. This is the place for riding; With mountains and streams, high forests and deep valleys, it is the place of bow and crossbow; The grass is shallow and the soil is flat, and the front can be the back; The reeds and bamboos mingle with each other, which is the place of spear.

translation

A good terrain is the best help for the army to win the war. As a general, it is impossible to win the war if he cannot accurately grasp the terrain characteristics. The terrain of high mountains, steep mountains and dangerous forests is suitable for infantry combat. The terrain with high and steep mountains and overgrown vines is suitable for fighting with chariots and cavalry. Archers can be used to fight on the battlefield with mountains, rivers and deep valleys. On the flat and wide battlefield, which can move freely, you can fight with the enemy with a long halberd. In the area of interlaced vegetation, we can give full play to the advantages of spears and spears.

analysis

This article discusses how to make good use of terrain and features. The article points out that the generals who will not use the terrain and features will not win. The article also explains in detail what tactics should be used, and even what arms and weapons should be used under various terrain and features. This article is of great use to the commanders in the battle.

Extension example

Han Xin carried the water to break the enemy

In 205 BC, the Han Dynasty attacked the king leopard of Wei and destroyed the State of Wei. In October, the king of Han sent him and Zhang Er to lead tens of thousands of troops eastward to attack the State of Zhao. Zhao Xie, the king of Zhao, and Chen Yu, the commander of the Zhao army, immediately gathered 200000 troops at Jingxingkou to defend them closely.

Li Zuoche, a counselor of Zhao State, said to Chen Yu: "Han Xin has won a lot of victories along the way, which can be said to be very powerful. Now he has taken the victory expedition and tried to capture the State of Zhao, which is unstoppable. However, they need to travel thousands of miles to transport food and grass. Now our Jingxing Mountain Road is narrow, and we can't go in with horses and carriages, so the Han army's food and grass team must fall behind. So you can give me 30000 people temporarily, attack from the path, intercept their weapons and grass, and cut off their Supply, the Han army would starve to death if it did not fight. If you stick to the fortress here and don't fight with them, they can't fight before and can't retreat later. We can capture Han Xin alive in a few days. "

Chen Yu is a pedantic and self-righteous man. He doesn't listen to Li Zuo Che's words. He also said: "Han Xin's military strength is very small, and we are exhausted after arriving here for thousands of miles. We dare not fight such enemies. Don't you look down on us even more regardless of what the Congress thinks of us?" Chen Yu didn't take Li Zuo Che's opinion.

Han Xinsheng was very happy to hear this and was glad to meet such a pedantic general. So the army was encamped 30 miles from Jingxingkou. In the second half of the night, Han Xin sent another 2000 elite cavalry, each with a red flag of the Han army, climbed up the hill nearby from the path and ambushed them. Then Han Xin sent another 10000 people to carry water along the river bank and set out their positions. Carrying water has always been a military Jedi. Once carrying water, you must die. When Chen Yu heard the news, he laughed that Han Xin did not know the art of war, left no way to retreat, and killed himself.

After daybreak, Han Xin raised his flag and opened the Jingxing mouth with great fanfare. Zhao Jun immediately attacked and the two armies fought fiercely for a long time. Han Xin and Zhang Er pretended to be defeated, threw their helmets and abandoned their flags and moved closer to the riverside position. Chen Yu commanded Zhao Jun to pursue him desperately. The Han army fought bravely against the water. At this time, the 2000 light cavalry soldiers ambushed by Han Xin saw that the Zhao army had set out to attack, immediately flew into the Zhao camp, pulled out all the military flags of the Zhao State and replaced them with the red flag of the Han army.

Zhao Jun could not win the battle for a long time and could not catch Han Xin. He wanted to withdraw his troops and go back to the camp. Looking back, he saw that all the red flags of the Han army had been planted in the camp. He thought that King Zhao had been captured, so his army was shaken and fled in succession. At this time, the Han army attacked both sides, and Zhao army was defeated. The soldiers killed Chen Yu and captured King Zhao.

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》 地势第三十六

地势第三十六

——善用地势者胜

 夫地势者，兵之助也。不知战地而求胜者，未之有也。山林土陵，丘阜大川，此步兵之地；土高山狭，蔓衍相属，此车骑之地；依山附涧，高林深谷，此弓弩之地；草浅土平，可前可后，此长戟之地；芦苇相参，竹树交映，此枪矛之地也。

译文

　　好的地势对军队作战取胜是最好的帮助，身为将帅如果不能准确地把握地势地形特点就想取得战争的胜利是不可能的。高山峻岭、森林险川的地形，适合用步兵作战。山势高陡、蔓草杂生的地形，适合用战车、骑兵作战。在依山临水、狭涧谷深的战场上，可以用弓箭手作战。在平坦宽阔、可以自由活动的战场上，可以用长戟与敌交战。在草木交错的地带，又可以充分发挥长枪、长矛的优势。

　　解析

　　本篇文章论述了善于利用地形地物。文章指出，不会利用地形地物的将领，无法取得胜利。文章还具体说明了在各种地形地物条件下，该用什么战术，甚至该用什么兵种、兵器，都讲得十分详尽。这篇文章对临阵指挥的将领大有用处。

　　拓例

　　韩信背水破敌军
　　公元前２０５年，汉将韩信偷袭魏王豹，灭掉魏国。１０月汉王又派他与张耳率几万军队向东继续挺进，攻击赵国。赵王赵歇和赵军统帅陈余立刻在井陉口聚集２０万重兵，严密防守。
　　赵国谋士李左车对陈余说：“韩信这次出兵，一路上打了很多胜仗，可谓是一路威风，现在他又乘胜远征企图攻下赵国，其势锐不可挡。不过，他们运送粮草需经过千里之遥，长途跋涉。现在我们井陉山路狭窄，车马不能并进，汉军的粮草队必定落在后面。这样你暂时给我３万人，从小道出击，拦截他们的武器粮草，断绝他们的供给，汉军不战死也会饿得半死。你再在这里坚守要塞，不与他们交战，他们前不能战，后不能退，用不了几天我们就可活捉韩信。”
　　陈余是个迂腐之人，又自以为是，他不听李左车的话，还说：“韩信的兵力很少，长途千里赶到这里又精疲力尽，像这样的敌人我们都不敢打，别国会怎么看我们，不是更瞧不起我们了吗？”陈余没有采纳李左车的意见。
　　韩信探听到这种情况，很高兴，庆幸自己碰上这样一个迂腐将领。于是就将军队安营扎寨在井陉口３０里的地方。到了后半夜，韩信又派精锐骑兵２０００人，每人拿一面汉军红旗，从小路爬上附近山头，埋伏起来。然后韩信又派出１万人沿着河岸背水摆开阵势。背水历来是兵家绝地，一旦背水，非死不可。陈余得知消息，大笑韩信不懂兵法，不留退路，自取灭亡。
　　天亮后，韩信竖起帅旗，大张旗鼓地开出井陉口，赵军立刻迎击，两军激战很久。韩信、张耳假装败退，丢盔弃旗向河岸阵地靠拢。陈余则指挥赵军拼命追击。汉军背水而战，非常勇敢。这时韩信埋伏的２０００轻骑兵，见赵军倾巢出击，立即飞奔驰入赵营，拔掉赵国的全部军旗，换上汉军的红旗。
　　赵军久战不能取胜，也抓不住韩信，想收兵回营，回头一看军营里已全部插起了汉军的红旗，以为赵王已被俘虏，于是顿时军心动摇，纷纷逃跑。这时汉军两面夹击，赵军大败。士兵们杀死了陈余，抓获了赵王。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

Click the article title to view

往期精选文章

点击文章标题查看

1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向