Interpretation of Convenience 32 in Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Court

Convenience 32

——In running the army, we should accumulate grace and establish trust

Gather grass and trees to facilitate travel; The mountains and forests are heavily blocked, and the benefits are not satisfied; There is no hidden place in the front forest, so as to facilitate the lurking; To attack the public with less, and to benefit the day; To strike the widows with the crowd, to benefit the early morning; With strong crossbow and long soldiers, it is convenient to win; Beyond the abyss and across the water, the wind is strong and dark. It is convenient to fight before and after.

Mo=mu=dusk. Pseudonym

translation

Guerrilla strategy can be adopted in operations in areas with dense vegetation; There are dense mountains and forests in which we can surprise the enemy by surprise; In the case of plain operations without any hidden objects, trench tactics can be adopted; When the enemy is outnumbered, we should attack the enemy at dusk; When we have few enemies, we should attack them in the morning; If the weapons are well equipped and the force is strong, we should fight quickly; If there is a confrontation across the shore, there is sand and wind, and the line of sight is not clear, we should adopt the tactics of front and back.

analysis

This article discusses the basic tactical strategies. Explain in detail the tactics that are suitable for use under various conditions, and inspire the generals to use tactics flexibly according to objective conditions, instead of subjectively assuming blind command.

Extension example

Subjective assumptions about the loss of street pavilions

During the Three Kingdoms Period, Zhuge Liang had to report to Sima Yi that he had led 200000 troops and immediately arranged to guard the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang said, "This is the throat of our army. It matters. If we lose the street pavilion, our army will be finished." Ma Su volunteered to go to guard, Zhuge Liang warned: "There are no walls and no obstacles here, so it is very difficult to defend." Ma Su said: "I have read the books of war since I was young, and know the art of war. Can't I even defend a street pavilion?"

When Ma Su arrived at Jieting and saw the terrain, he laughed at Zhuge Liang's carelessness. He expected that Wei Bing would not dare to come and put Zhuge Liang's earnest instructions aside. Wang Ping wants to go down the village at the head of the Fifth Road, but he wants to go up to Tushan to garrison troops. Wang Ping said, "What if the Wei army came to encircle us?" Ma Su laughed and said, "You are really a woman's opinion! The art of war said, 'Stay high, and the situation is as strong as ever.' When the Wei army came, I let him never return!" Wang Ping said, "I went with the Prime Minister many times, and every time I went, the Prime Minister gave his advice. I think this mountain is a Jedi. If the Wei army cut off our waterway, our army will not fight and chaos." Ma Su said: "Don't talk nonsense! Sun Tzu said, 'If the Wei soldiers cut off my waterway, wouldn't the Shu soldiers die? It can be a hundred. I always read more military books, and the prime minister also asked me everything, why did you stop me?" Wang Ping also asked to divide the troops to build a small village at the foot of the mountain, which can be echoed. Ma Su didn't even agree. At this time, the people fled in droves, saying that the Wei soldiers had arrived. Wang Ping is going to resign, but Ma Su sent five thousand soldiers to his village. The scout reported that there was a garrison in the street pavilion. Sima Yi sighed, "Zhuge Liang is really a god! I am not as good as him." Sima Yi was relieved when he heard that the Shu army was garrisoning on the mountain. Then, he went to see it in person. Ma Su still laughed on the mountain and said, "If they are dying, they will not come to encircle the mountain!"

When Sima Yi sent someone to find out that it was Ma Su's guard, he smiled and said, "Only a false name, but actually a mediocre person! How can Kongming use such a person, not to be wrong!" Then he took the army to surround the Tushan Mountain. The soldiers of Shu saw that the Wei soldiers were scattered all over the mountain, very strict, and all were scared. How dare they go down the mountain. Ma Su waved the red flag again and again. Who dares to kill Shu! Ma Su was furious and killed two generals in person. The troops were afraid, so they went down the mountain to attack the Wei soldiers; However, the Shu army retreated back to the mountain. Ma Su then knew that things were not good. He asked the soldiers to guard the stronghold and wait for foreign aid. The Shu soldiers were trapped for a day. There was no water on the mountain and the army could not eat. They shouted until midnight. The soldiers in the south of the mountain opened the gate and went down the mountain to surrender to the Wei army. Sima Yi also ordered people to set fire along the mountain, and the Shu army was in chaos. As soon as Ma Su could not keep watch, he drove the soldiers down the mountain and fled to the west.

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》 便利第三十二

便利第三十二

——治军当蓄恩立信

  夫草木丛集，利以游逸；重塞山林，利以不意；前林无隐，利以潜伏；以少击众，利以日莫；以众击寡，利以清晨；强弩长兵，利以捷次；逾渊隔水，风大暗昧，利以搏前击后。

莫=mu =暮。通假字

译文

　　在草木茂密的地区作战可以采用游击战略；有浓密的山林地带作战可以用突击的办法，出敌不意；在平原作战没有任何隐蔽物的情况下，可以采用壕堑战术；在敌众我寡的情况下，我方应在黄昏时候攻击敌人；在我众敌寡的时候，则应在清晨向敌人进攻；如果武器装备精良，兵力强盛，则应速战速决；如果隔岸对峙，又有风沙，视线不清，就应采取前后夹击的战术。

　　解析

　　本篇文章论述了基本战术策略。详细说明在各种条件下宜于使用的战术，启发将领按照客观条件灵活运用战术，而不可主观臆断瞎指挥。

　　拓例

　　主观臆断失街亭
　　三国时，诸葛亮得报司马懿领兵二十万前来，立即布置镇守街亭，诸葛亮说：“这是我军的咽喉要道，关系重大。如果失了街亭，我们大军就完了。”马谡自愿前去守卫，诸葛亮告诫：“这里没有城郭，又没有险阻，防守非常困难。”马谡却说：“我自幼熟读兵书，懂得兵法。难道连一个街亭都守不住吗？”
　　马谡到达街亭，看了地势，就笑诸葛亮多心，料定魏兵不敢来，把诸葛亮的谆谆嘱咐全抛到一边。王平要在五路总口当道下寨，他却要上土山屯军。王平说：“如果魏军来围住怎么办？”马谡却大笑说：“你真是女子的见解！兵法说：‘居高临下，势如破竹’。魏兵如来，我让他片甲不回！”王平又说：“我多次随丞相出征，每到一处，丞相都尽心指教。我看这座山是个绝地。如果魏兵切断我军水道，我军就会不战自乱了。”马谡说：“你不要乱说！孙子说：‘置之死地而后生。’如魏兵断我水道，蜀兵岂不死战？可以以一当百。我一向多读兵书，丞相还事事问计于我，你为什么拦阻我呢！”王平又请求分兵在山下扎一个小寨，成为犄角之势，可以呼应。马谡连这也不答应，这时，百姓成群结队逃来，说魏兵已到。王平要辞去，马谡才分兵五千让他去自己下寨。探路回报，街亭有守军，司马懿叹道：“诸葛亮真是神人！我不如他。”听说蜀军屯兵山上，司马懿才放心。然后，亲自去察看，马谡还在山上大笑说：“他们如果要命，就不来围山！”
　　司马懿派人打听到是马谡守卫，就笑着说：“只有虚名，实际是个庸才！孔明用这种人，怎么能不误事！”随后带大军把土山四面围住，蜀兵一见魏兵漫山遍野，十分严整，全都丧胆，哪里还敢下山。马谡连连摇动红旗，蜀将谁敢去冲杀呀！马谡大怒，亲自杀了二员将领，众军害怕，才奋力下山冲击魏兵；但哪里冲得动，蜀军又退回山上。马谡这才知道事情不妙，让军士紧守寨口，等待外援。蜀兵被困一天，山上没有水，众军吃不上饭，嚷到半夜，山南蜀兵就打开寨门，下山投降魏军去了。司马懿又命人沿山放火，蜀军更是大乱。马谡一看守不住了，就驱赶残兵杀下山，往西逃跑了。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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