Interpretation of "Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Yuan"

After the 31st

——General must have staff

If it is difficult to make a plan, it is more than fine. Use it first and then use it. Punishment is better than no punishment. This is also the wisdom of military use. The master and the apprentice have been listed, the army and the horse have crossed, the strong crossbow has just arrived, and the short soldiers have been picked up again. The enemy is in a hurry by taking advantage of the Wei Buxin. This is the ability to use the army. When I hit the target, I won the battle for a while, and the success or failure was not divided. I hurt the other and died.

translation

If we can turn a dangerous situation into an easy one, we should make preparations in advance before it turns into a complex one, and take countermeasures before it becomes out of control. We should set up strict punishment in the army but not use punishment as the ultimate goal. This is the best strategy for military use. Such leaders are wise men. When fighting with the enemy, the generals and soldiers have arranged their formations, and the two sides are crisscrossed and close to each other. At this time, if the generals and commanders can take the opportunity to expand their influence with all kinds of prestige, and make the enemy confused and lose their way, they can be regarded as good soldiers. On the battlefield, the general braved the fire and bullets to rush into the battle, but only used his power for a moment. The two sides lost a lot but were even. This is the best strategy in the war.

analysis

This article discusses the strategic thinking of military use. The full text divides the level of military use into three levels. It advocates the use of wisdom, the emphasis on planning and then moving, and not fighting uncertain battles. The opposition is based only on the courage of blood, rushing and bumping, and it is listed as the inferior in the use of force. This is indeed the opinion of military experts, not the opinion of a warrior. "Zhuge is cautious all his life", so he can win every battle and turn the corner under extremely unfavorable circumstances.

Taking a comprehensive view of these four articles, Zhuge Liang elaborated the strategic thinking and basic principles of military use in detail, and revealed the essence of military use. These discussions are the summary of his experience and lessons, and are an important part of his strategic thinking, which is worthy of in-depth study.

We should consider why Zhuge Liang can win with fewer soldiers?

Extension example

Stay behind

During the Warring States Period, Meng Changjun, the prime minister of the State of Qi, raised many diners in his home. One of them, Feng Yuan, had no special skills, so he came for a long time and didn't attract Meng Changjun's attention.

Once, just as no one was at home, Meng Changjun sent Feng Yuan to Xue Di, the fief of Meng Changjun, to collect the debt. Before leaving, Feng Yuan politely asked Meng Changjun if he would bring anything back. Meng Changjun said, "Whatever you want, take whatever you think you should bring back."

Feng Yuan came to Xuedi, gathered all the creditors, collected the debt deeds, and burned all the debt deeds in public. Then he said to everyone, "Monsieur Mengchang asked me to forgive all your debts, and you can live and work in peace and contentment in the future!" People were very happy, cheered and kowtowed.

When Feng Yuan came back, Meng Changjun asked him what he had brought back? Has the debt been collected? Feng Yuan replied slowly, "You said let me see what I should do. If I think I should bring back what I should bring back, I think the most important thing to bring back to you is' virtue ', so I will bring back' virtue 'to you. So I will burn all the debt deeds of Xue Di and forgive the debt." Meng Changjun was very happy to hear that, but he thought that the wood is finished, and he said nothing.

A year later, Meng Changjun was removed from his position as prime minister by the King of Qi, and he had to return to Xuedi. When the local people heard this news, they helped the old and the young to welcome him on the road. It was strange that Meng Changjun welcomed him so warmly to the people. Feng Yuan said to him, "This is the verification that I bring back to you the 'virtue'." Meng Changjun suddenly realized that he really understood Feng Yuan's intention and thanked him very much. Feng Yuan then said, "The cunning rabbit has three holes to save his life. Now you only have one hole. You can't sleep well and have a good sleep. In case the King of Qi is bad for you, there must be another place to stay. So we have to dig two more holes." So Feng Yuan asked Meng Changjun to let him go to the State of Wei to lobby.

Feng Yuan came to the State of Wei and said to the king of Wei, "Mr. Meng Chang is famous all over the world. If you can invite him to the State of Wei to be your prime minister, the State of Wei will be rich and powerful." The king of Wei just happened to have an empty face, and could not find the right person, so he sent someone to hire Mr. Meng Chang with heavy money. When Feng Yuan left, he told Meng Changjun that this was just for the king of Qi to see and not to accept the invitation. So Wang Wei was refused three times.

Sure enough, the King of Qi heard that the State of Wei was going to invite Meng Changjun to be prime minister. He was so frightened that he immediately sent someone to take the gold and float with him, and invited Meng Changjun back to his original post with great courtesy.

In order to show his sincerity, the king of Qi asked Meng Changjun what else he needed. Feng Yuan secretly told Meng Changjun, "Ask the king of Qi to build a temple in Xuedi, and then give a share of the sacrificial vessels left by the former king to ensure the safety of Xuedi."

The king of Qi agreed to Meng Changjun's request. On the day when the temple was built, Feng Yuan said to Meng Changjun, "Now that the three holes have been dug, you can sleep safely and safely."

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》 后应第三十一

后应第三十一

——将帅必须有幕僚

    若乃图难于易，为大于细，先动后用，刑于无刑，此用兵之智也。师徒已列，戎马交驰，强弩才临，短兵又接，乘威布信，敌人告急，此用兵之能也。身冲矢石，争胜一时，成败未分，我伤彼死，此用兵之下也。

译文

　　如果能把危险的局面转换成容易的事情，在事情还没有转变成复杂之前就预先做了准备，在事情还没有变得不可收拾时就采取了应对措施，在军中设立了严明的刑罚但不以动用刑为最终目的，这是用兵的上策，这样的首领是智者。与敌人交战，将士已布列阵形，双方兵马交错，短兵相接，这时将帅如果能乘机以种种威势扩大自己的影响，使敌军混乱以致失索，这算得上是用兵的能者。在战场上，将帅冒着枪林弹雨冲锋陷阵，但只是逞一时之能，双方损失极大但不分胜负，这是用兵中的下策。

　　解析

　　本篇文章论述了用兵的战略思想。全文把用兵的水平分为三等，主张以智用兵，讲求谋定而后动，不打无把握的仗。反对仅凭血气之勇，猛冲蛮撞，将其列为用兵的下等。这确是军事大家的见解，而非一介武夫的主张。“诸葛一生唯谨慎”，所以他能百战百胜，在极其不利的形势下也能转危为安。
　　综观这四篇文章，诸葛亮详尽地论述了用兵的战略思想和基本原则，道出了用兵的真谛。这些论述是其经验教训的总结，是其战略思想的重要组成部分，值得深入研究。

大家要考虑，为什么诸葛亮兵少反而能胜利？

　　拓例

　　狡兔三窟留后路
　　战国时期，齐国宰相孟尝君的家里，养了很多的食客。其中有个名叫冯谖(xuan)的，没有什么特殊的本领，所以来了很长时间也没引起孟尝君的注意。
　　有一次，家里正赶上没人，孟尝君就派冯谖到孟尝君的封地薛地去收债。临走的时候冯谖很有礼貌地问孟尝君是否带些什么东西回来。孟尝君说：“随便，你看着办吧，你觉得应该带些什么回来就带些什么吧。”
　　冯谖来到薛地，召集了所有的债户，把债契收上来，又当众把所有的债契烧掉，然后对大家说：“孟尝君让我把你们的债全免啦，今后你们可以安居乐业，过好日子了！”人们非常高兴，纷纷欢呼、磕头。
　　冯谖回来，孟尝君问他带了什么回来？债收完了没有？冯谖慢条斯理地回答说：“您说让我看着办，如果我觉得应该带些什么回来就带什么，我觉得最应该给您带回来的是‘德政’，所以我就给您带回来个‘德’。因此我就把薛地的全部债契烧掉，债免了。”孟尝君听了很不高兴，可一想，木已成舟，也没说什么，就算了。
　　一年后，孟尝君被齐王免去了宰相的职务，他只好回到薛地。当地百姓听到这一消息，扶老携幼到大路上欢迎他，孟尝君对百姓如此热烈地欢迎他，感到很奇怪。冯谖就对他说：“这就是我给您带回‘德’的验证。”孟尝君这才恍然大悟，真正体会到冯谖的用意，非常感谢他。冯谖接着说：“狡猾的兔子有三个洞，才能保住性命，现在你只不过才有一个洞，还不能高枕无忧，睡安稳觉，万一齐王对你再有不利，还得有另外的存身之处，因此我们还得再凿两个洞才行。”于是冯谖向孟尝君请求，让他到魏国去游说。
　　冯谖来到魏国，对魏王说：“孟尝君名扬各国，您如果能请他到魏国来做您的宰相，魏国定会国富民强。”魏王正好空着相位，找不到合适的人，于是派人带着重金来聘请孟尝君。冯谖临走时早就告诉过孟尝君这样做只是给齐王看，并不要接受聘请。所以魏王连请了三次都被拒绝了。
　　果然齐王听说魏国要请孟尝君做宰相，吓得连忙叫人带着黄金、彩车，用很隆重的礼节把孟尝君请了回去，恢复了原职。
　　齐王为了表示诚意，特意问孟尝君还需要什么。冯谖就偷偷告诉孟尝君说：“请求齐王在薛地建立祠庙，再赐份先王留下的祭器，以保薛地的安全。”
　　齐王答应了孟尝君的请求。祠庙建成那天，冯谖对孟尝君说：“现在三个洞已经挖好了，你可以高枕无忧，安安稳稳睡觉了。”

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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