Interpretation of the third guest in Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General's Court

Sanbin No.30

——A loving man is like his own son

There will be guests during the trip of the three armies. They will discuss the gains and losses in groups and use the resources. If there is a word hanging in the air, it is unpredictable, knowledgeable, versatile, and versatile. This hope of thousands of people can be cited as a guest of honor; It is as fierce as a bear and tiger, as swift as an ape, as hard as iron stone, and as sharp as a dragon spring; There are many words to be said, and the skills are small, and the ability of ordinary people. This can be cited as the guest of honor.

translation

When the three armies go out to fight, the general must have all kinds of staff to plan for themselves, discuss the advantages and disadvantages together, and assist the general around. Some people are like floating rivers, who can put forward wonderful strategies, have extensive knowledge and are versatile. These are excellent talents in a million, who can become the senior staff of the general. Some people are as brave as bears and tigers, as agile as apes, as strong as iron, and as sharp as the dragon springs of Chu. These people are heroes of a generation, and can become the middle staff of the general. Some people like to make speeches, but their abilities are average. They are just ordinary people and can become the junior staff of the general.

analysis

This article discusses the problem of identifying and employing people, which is also the basis of military leadership. Zhuge Liang has discussed this topic more than once in the previous articles, but the focus of each article is different. In this article, Zhuge Liang divided people into three categories, advocating that talented people with real talent and learning should be referred to as "top guests", while those who can only use rhetoric and sensationalism should be referred to as "bottom guests". However, it is easy to say, but it is difficult to really know people. A wise commander like Zhuge Liang also suffered from the defeat of Jieting because he misused Ma Su. It seems that in order to be the leader of the army, we really need to study Zhuge Liang's article "Know Human Nature" carefully, and as he discussed, we should investigate people in many ways, thoroughly understand human nature, and then make proper use of people. Otherwise, you may lose everything if you make a careless move!

Extension example

Mao volunteered to talk about the king of Chu

During the Warring States Period, the State of Qin attacked the State of Zhao and surrounded Handan, the capital of the State of Zhao, in a few days. On the one hand, the king of Zhao ordered the soldiers to stick to the city, and on the other hand, he sent the ruler of the plain to the State of Chu to ask for help. Deeply aware that the success or failure of this trip to the State of Chu was closely related to the survival of the State of Zhao, he decided to select 20 guests from thousands of guests who were both literate and military to go to the State of Chu to seek help, and discussed the strategy of joining forces against Qin.

The plain gentleman immediately selected the people who went to Chu from among the disciples, but he picked and chose again and again. Only 19 people were selected, and there was only one person left. How could he choose them.

At this time, one of the disciples, Mao Sui, found the plain gentleman and recommended himself: "I heard that there is still one less person selected by the general this time. I recommend myself to the general. Please take me with you!" The plain gentleman looked at him. He was not handsome, tall, and had a fierce face. Pingyuan Jun didn't remember the man at all, so he asked him, "Have you been with me for many years?" Mao Sui replied, "It's been three years." Pingyuan Jun said unhappily, "A talented man is like an awl in a bag, and its tip will pierce the bag and reveal it. But you have been with me for three years, and I have never heard of your situation. It can be seen that you have no talent, so you should not go." Mao Sui looked at Pingyuan Jun, The request said, "What I want today is to be put into the bag like an awl. If I could have done this, I would have pierced the bag and showed my edge!" The king of the plain admired Mao Sui's courage and eloquence, so he decided to take Mao Sui with him, which was just enough.

When we arrived at the State of Chu, the Plains Valley talked with the King of Chu all morning about joining forces against Qin, but the King of Chu refused to send troops. Mao Sui was impatient when he saw that things were so bad. He walked to the king of Chu with his sword in his hand and made an impassioned speech. The king of Chu saw Mao Sui standing in front of him with his sword, and thought his words were very reasonable. Finally, he agreed to join forces against Qin and send troops to save Zhao.

After Handan was liberated and the State of Zhao was saved, the king of the plain praised Mao Sui and said, "Mr. Mao is better than a million heroes with a three-inch tongue." From then on, the king of the plain regarded Mao Sui as the guest of honor.

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》 三宾第三十 

三宾第三十

——爱士卒如己子

   夫三军之行也，必有宾客，群议得失，以资将用。有词若悬流，奇谋不测，博闻广见，多艺多才，此万夫之望，可引为上宾；有猛若熊虎，捷若腾猿，刚如铁石，利若龙泉，此一时之雄，可以为中宾；有多言或中，薄技小才，常人之能，此可引为下宾。

译文

　　凡是三军出征作战，将帅必须有各类幕僚人员为自己策划参谋，共同讨论利弊得失，辅佐在将帅左右。有些人口若悬河，能提出奇妙的谋略，见闻广博，多才多艺，这是万里挑一的出色人才，可以成为将帅的高级幕僚，有的人象熊虎一样勇猛，象猿猴一样敏捷，性格则烈如铁石，作战如楚地龙泉般锐利无比，这些人是一代豪杰，可以成为将帅的中级幕僚。有的人喜欢发表言论，但能力一般，只是普通之辈，可以成为将帅的下级幕僚。

　　解析

　　本篇文章论述了识人、用人问题，这也是带兵的根本。诸葛亮在前面的文章中已不止一次论述了这个主题，不过各篇侧重点不同而已。在这篇文章中，诸葛亮把人分为三种，主张把有真才实学的能人引为“上宾”，而把只会花言巧语，哗众取宠的人引为“下宾”。不过，这说起来容易，真正识人就难了，以诸葛亮这样精明的统帅，也因错用了马谡，导至街亭大败。看来，为将领兵之人，真得好好研读诸葛亮的《知人性》一文，照他论述的那样，多方面考察人，彻底了解人的本性，从而做到恰当用人。否则，一着不慎，就可能满盘皆输了！

　　拓例

　　毛遂自荐说楚王
　　战国时期，秦国攻打赵国，几天工夫把个赵国的国都邯郸团团围住。赵王一面命令将士坚守城池，一面派平原君到楚国请求救兵。平原君深感此次楚国之行，成败与赵国生死存亡息息相关，于是决定从数千门客中挑选２０名文武双全的门客一道去楚国求救，并讨论合纵抗秦之策。
　　平原君立刻在门客中挑选去楚的人，可是挑来挑去，选了又选，只挑选出１９人，还差一人，怎么也选不出来。
　　这时，门客中有个叫毛遂的，找到平原君，自荐道：“将军此次挑选的人，听说还少一个，我向将军推荐我自己，请您也带上我吧！”平原君看看，此人其貌不扬，个子不高，一脸凶相。平原君根本不记得这个人，就问他：“你到我这多年了？”毛遂回答说：“已三年。”平原君不大高兴地说：“有才能的人，就像一把锥子放在袋子里，它的尖会刺破袋子露出来，可是你在我这呆了三年，我从没听说过你的情况，可见你是没有什么才能，所以你还是不要去了。”毛遂看了看平原君，请求说：“我今天要求的正是像锥子一样被放进袋子，如果早能这样，早就刺破袋子显露锋芒了！”平原君佩服毛遂的胆量和口才，于是就决定把毛遂带上，也正好凑够了数。
　　到了楚国，平原谷和楚王谈了整整一上午合纵抗秦的事，可楚王就是不肯出兵。毛遂见事情如此不顺利有些不耐烦，他手按宝剑走到楚王面前慷慨陈词，楚王见毛遂持剑站在自己面前，又觉得他的话很有道理，最后终于答应联合抗秦，派兵救赵。
　　邯郸解围，赵国得救后，平原君赞扬毛遂说：“毛先生以三寸之舌，胜过百万雄师。”从此平原君把毛遂当为上宾。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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