Interpretation of the 29th lamentation of death in Zhuge Liang's Art of War

Mourning for the Twenty-ninth

——Make a plan and then move

In ancient times, those who are good at raising others are like raising their own children. In case of difficulties, they should take their own bodies first, and in case of meritorious achievements, they should take their own back; The wounded sobbed and stroked; The dead were buried in mourning; Hungry people give up food and eat it; The cold man undresses and clothes; A wise man is courteous and rewarded;

The brave will be rewarded and advised. If you can do this, you will be quick.

translation

In ancient times, all excellent generals treated their subordinates as if they were their children. When difficulties came, they took the lead and bore the brunt. They stood at the front, humbled their subordinates in the face of merit and honor, pushed the merit and honor to their subordinates, treated the wounded soldiers with all kinds of comfort and compensation, and buried them when they died for the country, and properly arranged their future affairs. When the food was not enough, Take the initiative to give their food to their subordinates. When the weather is cold, give their clothes to the soldiers to wear. Treat intelligent people with courtesy, and appoint senior officials to treat the brave and good soldiers. He will give appropriate and timely rewards and encourage them to make new contributions. As a general, if you accomplish the above items, you will be invincible and victorious.

analysis

This article discusses the argument of "raising people like raising children", which is consistent with the statement of "loving soldiers like children" made by our generals in previous dynasties. Is Zhuge Liang the first person to put forward this proposition? Without textual research, he dare not jump to conclusions. But it is always very valuable that he put forward this argument so clearly more than 1000 years ago. What's more valuable is that Zhuge Liang not only put forward his ideas, but also put forward a series of ways to love the army, totaling eight items, which are quite detailed. The author said that if we can do this, we can build an invincible army. Zhuge Liang has discussed the strict management of the army before, and here he discusses the love of the army as a child, which shows that he attaches great importance to this issue. This problem is indeed one of the main points of the military leadership. Those who win the morale of the army will get the results of the service of the soldiers, while those who lose the morale of the army will lead to the consequences of defeat and death.

Extension example

The etiquette is the first to prosper

After Cao Cao became the overlord of the north, everything remained to be done. In his plan of rejuvenating the country and strengthening the country, he first considered the etiquette. In the spring of the seventh year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he led his army into Qiao County. In Qiao County, he walked for a day and didn't meet an acquaintance, which made him deeply moved. He said to the general, "I will be the teacher of justice and eradicate the riots for all people in the world.". The people in my hometown are very supportive of me. My father gave me a son, my wife gave me a son, and many people who went with me died in the battle. This really breaks my heart. "

After Cao Cao settled down, He immediately ordered: "All soldiers and men who died in the battle with me and lost their descendants, find their relatives to be their descendants, distribute the fields, and the government will distribute the oxen, set up schools, and educate the descendants of these heroes. We should build temples, so that the living descendants can have a place to worship their ancestors. We can cultivate the descendants of the dead, and I will have no regrets when I see those soldiers and men who went first after death."

In the fall of the next year, Cao Cao ordered: "After 15 years of war, the young people have not seen the trend of benevolence, righteousness and etiquette, which makes me sad. I ordered all the counties under my jurisdiction to promote and pay attention to the research of ancient sages' classics, to establish schools, and to set up officials responsible for training young people in counties with 500 households, to select local excellent children to give education, so that the way of the first king will not be abandoned, so as to prosper the world."

According to Cao Cao's order, all prefectures and counties vigorously promoted education. Education thrives and talent thrives, and talent thrives with all kinds of waste. Cao Cao's education plan laid a talent foundation for the establishment of Wei, Shu and Wu after the collapse of the Han Dynasty.

解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》  哀死第二十九

哀死第二十九

——谋定而后动

  古之善将者，养人如养己子，有难则以身先之，有功则以身后之；伤者泣而抚之；死者哀而葬之；饥者舍食而食之；寒者解衣而衣之；智者礼而禄之；
勇者，赏而劝之。将能如此，所向必捷矣。

 译文

　　古代凡是优秀的将领，对待自己的部下就好象对待自己的儿女一样，当困难来临时，身先士卒，首当其冲，站在最前面，在功劳荣誉面前，与部下谦让，把功劳、荣誉推给部下，对待受伤的士卒，百般安慰和抚恤，当部下为国捐躯时，又能厚葬他们，并妥善地安排好后事，在粮食不够吃时，主动地把自己的食物让给下级，在天气寒冷的时候，把自己的衣服让给士卒穿用，对待有才智的人，以礼相待，并委之以高官，对待英勇擅战的部下，他会给予恰当、及时的奖赏并勉励他再立新功。身为一名将帅，做到了上面的几项内容，就会所向披靡，百战百胜。

　　解析

　　本篇文章论述了“养人如养已子”的论点，这和我国历代将领“爱兵如子”的说法是一致的。诸葛亮是不是第一位提出这一主张的人，没有考证，不敢妄下断语，但他在一千多年前就如此明确地提出这一论点，总是十分可贵的。更可贵之处还在于，诸葛亮不但提出了主张，而且提出了这一系列爱兵的途径，总共达八项，相当详尽。作者说，如能做到这些，就能造就一支所向无敌的军队。诸葛亮在前面论述过从严治军，这里又专文论述爱兵如已子，可见他对这个问题的重视。这个问题确实是领兵的要旨之一，得军心者就能取得将士效命的结果，失军心者则会导至败亡丧身的后果。

　　拓例

　　平天下先兴礼仪
　　曹操成为北方霸主后，百废待兴。在他的兴邦强国的计划中，他首先考虑的是兴礼仪。东汉建安七年春天，他率军进驻谯县。在谯县境内，他走了一天，也没遇见一个熟人，这使他感慨万分。他对部将说：我起正义之师，为天下人铲除暴乱。故乡的人民很支持我，父送子，妻送郎，跟我走的人很多都战死在沙场。这真让我悲痛欲绝。”
　　曹操安顿下来后，马上下令：“凡是跟我当兵的将士，因战死沙场而绝了后代的，找他们的亲戚当他们的后裔，分给田地，由官府配给耕牛，设立学校，教育这些英雄的后代。要建立祠庙，让活着的后代能够有地方祭祀自己的祖先。能够把死者的后代培养成人，我死后见到我那些先去的将士，就没什么可遗憾的了。”
　　第二年秋天，曹操又下令：“十五年战乱，使青年人没见过仁义礼仪的风尚，这使我很忧伤。我命令所辖各郡都要提倡和重视古代圣贤们的典籍的研究，要建立学校，满五百户的县要设立专门负责培养年青人的官员，选拔本地优秀子弟给以教育，使先王之道不致废绝，从而兴天下。”
　　各郡县按照曹操的命令，大兴教育。教育兴而人才起，人才起而百废兴。曹操的教育计划，为汉王朝崩溃后魏、蜀、吴三国的建立，奠定了人才基础。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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