Interpretation of the 27th victory and defeat of Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Court

The 27th winner or loser

——On the Habitat of Talent and Morality

The three armies are happy, the soldiers are afraid, they talk to each other with courage, look at each other with majesty, and persuade each other with punishment. The soldiers are lazy and slow. The three armies are surprised. They are rude and believe. People are not afraid of the law. They are afraid of the enemy. They talk to each other for benefit. They tell each other good and evil. They are confused with evil words.

translation

The conditions for the army to succeed in its first division are: the truly talented and virtuous people hold important positions, the people without talent and virtue are demoted to the lowest position, the soldiers of the three armies are in high spirits, united and united, the relations between the upper and lower levels are harmonious, the soldiers obey orders, brave and good at fighting, the military looks majestic and majestic, and the law and discipline are strict. The bad start of the army is bound to be accompanied by the following symptoms: soldiers are lazy and lax, do not observe military discipline, the whole army is very afraid of fighting against the enemy, the soldiers are not faithful, do not fear punishment, overestimate the strength of the enemy, internal disunity, the common topic between each other is matters related to interests, like to guess the good or bad luck of things, and attach all kinds of nonsense, the gossip in the army is prevalent, and the morale of the army is scattered.

analysis

This article talks about the signs leading to victory and defeat from both positive and negative aspects, which is an important reference for the general to make the judgment of putting into battle. The so-called "no uncertain war" is to judge the certainty of victory before we can fight! Among the many signs, Zhuge Liang particularly emphasized that "talents should be top", and listed letting virtuous people hold important positions as the most fundamental condition to win. Fundamentally, this is still a matter of employment. Only by appointing a virtuous person to a key position can the army unite, maintain a correct military style, maintain high morale and ensure victory.

Extension example

Zhuge Liang said that Wu fought against Cao

Before the Red Cliff War, the northern Cao Cao was the most powerful and in an offensive position. Sun Quan and Liu Bei are in a weak and defensive position. In particular, Liu Bei was driven south by Cao Jun after losing the battle. When Cao Cao led the army south, Sun Quan and Liu Bei had to prepare for the battle in the face of Cao Cao's millions of soldiers. The decisive battle between the two armies needs to do all kinds of work, and it is very important to clarify the internal and external environment. Internally, we must have a unified understanding. Liu Bei Group is relatively consistent and determined to fight against Cao Cao. The Sun Quan Group is fighting and disunity. Zhuge Liang said to Liu Bei, "It's urgent. Please send me to ask Sun Quan for help." Liu Bei agreed to his request, and Zhuge Liang took orders to go to Soochow.

At that time, Sun Quan was stationed in Chaisang, watching Liu Bei and Cao Cao fight. Zhuge Liang came here, Said to Sun Quan: "Since the chaos of the world, you have risen to occupy the east of the Yangtze River, and Liu Bei has also recruited troops south of the Hanshui River to compete with Cao Cao for the world. Now Cao Cao has leveled the army, basically calmed the north, and recently conquered Jingzhou, which has shaken the reputation of the world. Liu Bei has no place to live, as if Yingxiong has no place to use, so he went to Xiakou. General, you should measure your strength to cope with the situation: if you can't rely on the strength of Wu and Yue To compete with Cao Cao in the Central Plains, it is better to lay down your weapons, tie up your armor and pay tribute to him earlier. Now you pretend to obey Cao Cao on the surface, but you are hesitant in your heart. You have other plans. You can't make a decision at such a critical moment. The catastrophe will soon come to Sun Quan and ask, "If you surrender without strength as you said, why doesn't Liu Bei surrender to Cao Cao?"

Zhuge Liang replied, "Tian Heng was just a brave man of the State of Qi. He could still keep his integrity without humiliating and surrender. Besides, Liu Bei, as a descendant of the royal family, has unparalleled talent. Many wise men admired him and rushed to his door, just like water flowing into the sea. If his career failed, it was fate. How could he surrender to Cao Cao because of temporary setbacks?"

Sun Quan was a little upset and shouted, "I will not surrender to Cao Cao! How can I take the whole land of Soochow and 100000 soldiers to be controlled by others? Now no one can resist Cao Cao except Liu Bei, but Liu Bei has just lost the battle. How can I compete with Cao Cao again?"

Zhuge Liang said: "Although Liu Bei lost the battle in Changban, there are now more than 10000 soldiers who have returned to the army, plus Guan Yu's navy, and no less than 10000 soldiers under Liu Qi. Cao Cao Cao's army came from a long distance and was exhausted. It is said that the cavalry who chased Liu Bei walked more than 300 miles a day and a night. Their current situation is like 'the arrow from a strong bow cannot penetrate even the thin silk produced by Lu at the end of the range' It is already fragile. This practice is taboo in the art of war. Moreover, the northerners are not accustomed to water wars, and the people of Jingzhou are forced to belong to Cao Cao. These are all favorable conditions for defeating Cao Cao. Now, if you can send a powerful general to command tens of thousands of troops and work with Liu Bei, you will surely defeat Cao Cao. After Cao Cao's defeat, he will inevitably return to the north. In this way, Liu Bei's Jingzhou and your Soochow will strengthen their power and divide the world into three parts. Success and failure are now. "

Sun Quan was very happy to hear Zhuge Liang's words. He sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su and others with 30000 troops to fight against Cao Cao with Liu Bei.

Sun and Liu solved the internal and external environmental problems, which created conditions for them to fight with Cao Cao wholeheartedly and intensively. Finally, we won the Battle of Red Cliff.

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》 胜败第二十七

胜败第二十七

——才德之人居上

   贤才居上，不肖居下，三军悦乐，士卒畏服，相议以勇斗，相望以威武，相劝以刑赏，此必胜之征也。士卒惰慢，三军数惊，下无礼信，人不畏法，相恐以敌，相语以利，相嘱以祸福，相惑以妖言，此必败之征也。

   译文

　　军队出师必胜的条件是：真正有才德的人担任着重要职务，没有才德的人被贬斥到最低位置，三军将士情绪高昂，团结统一，上下关系和睦，士卒服从命令，勇敢善战，军容威武雄壮，法纪严明。军队出师不利，必然伴随下列征兆：士兵懒惰、散漫，不遵守军纪，全军将士非常畏惧对敌作战，兵卒不讲信义，不畏惧刑罚，对敌军实力估计过高，内部不团结，彼此之间通常的话题是与利益有关的事情，喜欢猜测事情的吉凶祸福，附会各种无稽之谈，军内流言蜚语盛行，军心涣散。

　　解析

　　本篇文章从正反两方面谈论导致胜败的种种征兆，这是将领作出投入战斗判断的重要参考。所谓不打无把握之仗，就是要判断出取胜的把握方能投入战斗嘛！在诸多征兆中，诸葛亮特别强调“贤才居上”，把让贤德之人担任要职列为取胜的最根本条件。从根本上说，这还是一个用人问题，只有任用贤德之人担任要职，军队才能团结一致，才能军风端正，士气高昂，保证必胜。

　　拓例

　　诸葛亮说吴抗曹
　　赤壁大战之前，北方曹操力量最强大，处于攻势地位。而孙权、刘备则处于劣势、守势地位。特别是刘备连吃败仗被曹军赶的直往南跑。曹操带领大军南下，孙权、刘备面临曹操号称百万的大兵只好准备应战。两军决战需做各种工作，而廓清内外环境是很重要的方面。就内部而言必须统一认识。刘备集团内部比较一致，决心抗击曹操。孙权集团则战和不统一。诸葛亮对刘备说：“事情紧急，请派我去向孙权求援吧。”刘备同意了他的请求，诸葛亮领命去了东吴。
　　当时孙权驻军在柴桑，正在观望刘备和曹操的龙争虎斗。诸葛亮来到这里，对孙权说：“天下大乱以来，您起兵占据了江东，刘备也在汉水以南招募军队，和曹操争夺天下。现在曹操已削平群雄，基本上平定了北方，最近又攻破了荆州，威名震动四海。刘备没有安身之所，好似英雄无用武之地，所以才跑到夏口。将军您应估量自己的力量来应付眼前的局面：如果您不能依靠吴、越的兵力与中原的曹操抗衡，不如早点儿放下武器，捆起盔甲，向曹操称臣。现在您表面上装出服从曹操的样子，内心里却迟疑不决，另有打算，在事情已危急到如此时刻还不能决断，大祸很快就要临头孙权问道：“如果像您说的没力量抗衡就投降，刘备为什么不向曹操称臣投降呢？”
　　诸葛亮答道：“当年的田横不过是齐国的一个壮士，尚能守节而不屈辱投降，何况刘备作为皇族的后代，有盖世无双的才能，许多贤士都仰慕他，投奔到他的门下，就好像水流向大海一样，如果他的事业不成功，那是天意，怎么能因为暂时的挫折就投降曹操称臣呢？”
　　孙权有些不高兴了，吼道：“我也不会投降曹操的！我怎么能拿整个东吴的土地和十万将士去受别人控制呢？现在除了刘备，没人能够抵挡曹操，但刘备刚刚打了败仗，怎么能再和曹操相抗衡呢？”
　　诸葛亮说：“刘备虽然在长坂打了败仗，但现在归队的战士加上关羽的水军，还有精兵上万人，刘琦手下的将士也不少于一万人。曹操的军队远道而来，疲惫不堪，听说追赶刘备的骑兵一天一夜走了三百多里路，他们现在的情况，如同‘强弓发出的箭，到射程末了时，它的力量连鲁地出产的薄绢也不能穿透’一样已经不堪一击了。这种做法为兵法所忌。而且，北方人不习惯于水战，再加上荆州百姓是被逼着归附曹操的，这些都是打败曹操的有利条件。现在将军您如果能够派出猛将统率几万大军，和刘备同心协力，一定能打败曹操。曹操兵败，必然会退回北方，这样，刘备的荆州和您的东吴，势力就会增强，三分天下，各据一方的局面就形成了。成功与失败，就在现在了。”
　　孙权听诸葛亮如此一说，茅塞顿开，非常高兴，便派周瑜、程普、鲁肃等带三万大军，与刘备合力抵抗曹操。
　　孙刘这两大集团解决了内、外环境问题便为全心全力、集中精力与曹操决战扫道路，创造了条件。最终取得了赤壁大战的胜利。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

Click the article title to view

往期精选文章

点击文章标题查看

1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向