Interpretation of the twenty-sixth military situation in Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Yuan

The 26th military position

——According to the weather, time, location and harmony

There are three kinds of forces: the first is the sky, the second is the earth, and the third is the people. The sun and moon are clear and bright, the five stars are in harmony, the comet and the polka are not disastrous, and the atmosphere is harmonious; The terrain of the city is steep and steep, with thousands of miles of flood waves, a secluded cave at the stone gate, and a fertile sheep intestines; People who are powerful, the Lord, the Sage, the General and the Sage, the three armies are polite, the soldiers are ordered, and the grain armour is prepared. A good general is invincible because of the time of the day, the situation on the spot, and the benefit of others.

A glowing comet

translation

The general should pay attention to three situations when leading the troops out of the war: the timing, the location and the harmony of the people, which are the basic factors and conditions for the victory of the war. The time of day means that the weather is sunny, the climate is mild and moderate, the cold and heat are not severe, the drought is not famine, the weather is normal, and there are no ominous signs. This is a natural factor in favor of us. The geographical advantage means that our city wall is high on the steep terrain, with deep ditches and rivers as natural barriers, and the terrain is complex and unpredictable, and the only sheep's path is still winding. Harmony means that the monarch, the sage, the general and the wise are wise, the three armies are polite and law-abiding, orderly and unified, all the soldiers can serve the battlefield, with adequate food and pay, and strong weapons. If a superior general can rely on the timing, location and harmony of the people, he can be invincible and win a great victory.

analysis

This article discusses the tactical principles of sending troops to fight. The article points out that we must be good at adapting to the weather, making good use of local advantages and giving full play to human harmony. If the general can do these three things, he will be "invincible to the enemy and complete to the enemy".

Extension example

Lose the enemy's morale in Luojian

In the fourth century, China faced a confrontation between the north and the south. In the south, Sima Rui, the royal family of the Western Jin Dynasty, became the emperor and established the Eastern Jin regime. In the north, many ethnic groups have established political power, known as 16 countries in history. In 357 AD, Fu Jian of the pre-Qin Dynasty established himself as emperor. After many wars, Fu Jian united the north and actively prepared to go south to destroy Jin.

In May of 383 AD, Fu Jian led hundreds of thousands of troops, known as millions, and marched south to attack Jin. The Eastern Jin Dynasty sent Xie Shi, Xie Xuan and Liu Lao to lead the army to fight, but the Eastern Jin Dynasty had only 80000 troops, and the pre-Qin military force was in an absolute advantage. On October 18, the pre-Qin vanguard troops captured Shouyang and sent Liang Cheng to lead 50000 troops into Luojian to block the Jin army coming from the east for assistance. The reinforcements of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were blocked and had to retreat to Kip Shek. At this time, Fu Jian learned that the Eastern Jin army in Xiashi was small and the food was insufficient, so he thought that the Eastern Jin could be wiped out at one stroke. So he left the army in Xiangcheng, brought 8000 light cavalries to Shouyang, and sent Zhu Xu to the Jin military camp to persuade surrender. Zhu Xu was a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was forced to surrender after being captured and defeated. When he saw Xie Shi and Xie Xuan at the camp of the Jin army, instead of persuading them to surrender, he told Xie Xuan and Xie Shi that the pre-Qin army was not well prepared and that all forces had not been assembled. He suggested taking this opportunity to attack the front of the pre-Qin army and dampen their morale. Xie Shi and Xie Xuan accepted Zhu Xu's opinion. In November, Liu Lao, the forward of the Jin army, led 5000 elite soldiers to force across Luojian, attacked Liang Cheng's camp at night, defeated 50000 pre-Qin troops, wiped out 15000 people, and killed Liang Cheng, the chief general. At the same time, Xie Shi and Xie Xuan led their troops to advance by land and water, and pushed them to the east bank of Feishui at one stroke, opposite the former Qin army across the river.

In the battle of Luojian, the Eastern Jin army defeated the morale of the pre-Qin army, encouraged the morale of the Jin army, and strengthened the confidence of the weak to win the strong. Originally, Fu Jian, who despised the Eastern Jin army, stood at the head of Bangyang City and saw that the Jin army camp across the river was tight, and the soldiers' swords and guns shone in the sun. His heart was very flustered. He even mistook the grass and trees on the mountain across the river for the soldiers of the Jin army. Later generations called it "all trees and grass are soldiers". He no longer dared to despise the Jin army, and ordered to guard Feishui strictly and not allow the Jin army to cross the river.

Although the Jin army did not fight with the main forces of the former Qin Dynasty in the battle of Luojian, it created favorable conditions for defeating the former Qin army in the battle of Feishui in the near future.

兵势第二十六

——依天时、地利、人和

诸葛长青

修身、齐家、治国、平天下

中国·成功者俱乐部http://q.blog.sina.com.cn/chgyzh

 东方巨龙 天下驰骋

    夫行兵之势有三焉：一曰天，二曰地，三曰人。天势者，日月清明，五星合度，彗孛不殃，风气调和；地势者，城峻重崖，洪波千里，石门幽洞，羊肠曲沃；人势者，主圣将贤，三军由礼，士卒用命，粮甲坚备。善将者，因天之时，就地之势，依人之利，则所向者无敌，所击者万全矣。

彗 bei 光芒四射的彗星

译文

　　大凡将帅领兵出征要注意三种情势：天时、地利、人和，这是战争胜利的基本因素和条件。天时，就是指天气晴朗、气候温和适中，寒暑不烈，不旱不荒，天象正常，没有不祥的征兆，这是有利于我方的自然因素。地利，就是指我方城墙高垒于险峻的地势之上，有深沟、大河做天然屏障，地形复杂，深不可测，还有唯一的羊肠小路还曲折迂回。人和，就是君主圣明将帅贤达，三军上下守礼守法，整齐统一，士卒个个都能效命沙场，粮饷充足，武器坚利。卓越超群的将帅如果能凭借天时，就地利，依人和，就可以所向无敌，大获全胜。

　　解析

　　本篇文章论述了出兵打仗的战术原则。文章指出，必须善于顺应天时，善于利用地利，充分发挥人和。为将之人能做到这三点，就能“所向者无敌，所击者万全”了。

　　拓例

　　洛涧挫敌锐气
　　公元四世纪，中国呈南北对峙的局面。在南方，西晋皇族司马睿称帝，建立东晋政权。在北方，许多少数民族都建立了政权，史称１６国。公元３５７年，前秦的苻坚自立为帝。经过多次战争，苻坚统一北方，积极准备南下灭晋。
　　公元３８３年５月，苻坚率几十万大军，号称百万，浩浩荡荡南下攻晋。东晋派出谢石、谢玄、刘牢率军迎战，但东晋的军队只有８万人，前秦的军事力量处于绝对优势地位。１０月１８日，前秦先头部队攻克寿阳，并派梁成率５万军队进到洛涧，以阻挡从东面赶来援助的晋军。东晋的援军受阻，只好退守硖石。这时，苻坚得知在硖石的东晋军队兵力很少，粮食也不足，便以为可以一举消灭东晋。于是，他把大军留在项城，自带８千轻骑赶到寿阳，并派朱序前往晋军营中劝降。朱序本是东晋将领，战败被俘后被迫投降。他到晋军营地见到谢石、谢玄后，不仅不劝降，反而告诉谢玄和谢石，前秦的军队准备不足，各路兵力尚未集结完毕，并建议趁此良机，进攻前秦军队的前锋，挫其锐气。谢石和谢玄接受朱序的意见。１１月，晋军前锋刘牢率五千精兵强渡洛涧，夜袭梁成的营寨，大败五万前秦军队，歼灭１万５千人，主将梁成也被晋军斩杀。与此同时，谢石、谢玄率军水陆并进，一举推进到淝水东岸，与前秦军队隔河相对。
　　洛涧一仗，东晋军队打击了前秦军队的锐气，鼓舞了晋军将士的士气，坚定了以弱胜强的信心。原来看不起东晋军队的苻坚，站在帮阳城头，看到河对岸的晋军阵营严整，士兵的刀枪在阳光下闪闪发光，心里非常慌乱，以至错把河对岸山上的草木也当成晋军士兵。后人谓之“草木皆兵”。他再也不敢轻视晋军，下令严守淝水，不许晋军渡河。
　　晋军在洛涧之战中虽然没有与前秦主力交锋，但已为在不久后的淝水之战中大败前秦军队创造了有利条件。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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