Interpretation of the 20th core of Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Court

The heart is the twentieth

——In order to have intelligent and brave people as their confidants, ears, eyes, hands and feet

A general must have his heart, ears, eyes and claws. Those who have no stomach, like people walking at night, are unprepared; Those who have no ears and eyes, such as living in the dark, do not know how to move; Those without claws and teeth, like hungry people who eat poison, will die. Therefore, a good general must have a knowledgeable and wise man as his heart, a careful and honest man as his eyes and ears, and a brave and good enemy as his claws.

translation

As a general, you should have your right and left confidants who can consult with you, your ears and eyes who can tell you the news, and your wings who can resolutely implement your orders. Without a confidant, it is like walking in the dark without knowing where to go. Without eyes and ears, it is like a blind man living in the dark quietly, unable to do what he wants to do, and unable to drill for a certain personal purpose; A person without claws and teeth is like a person who is starving, eats poisonous food and dies of poisoning. Therefore, a wise general must choose knowledgeable and resourceful people as his confidants, smart, cautious and confidential people with strong judgment as his ears and eyes, and brave and brave soldiers as his claws.

analysis

This article incisively discusses the reason that a general must have a loyal backbone to unify the army. The author uses image metaphors to demonstrate in many ways that the general of the unified army must have a resourceful person as the "heart", a person who can report the situation in time as the "eyes", and a person who resolutely carries out the command as the "claws", so as to grasp the situation of the whole army in time, link up and down, command effectively, and form a strong army. The author dares to openly put forward that he must have "heart, ears, eyes and claws", which is really very frank and bold, indicating that the author is open-minded and unselfish. In fact, which general controls the army without a group of loyal subordinates? The problem is that we cannot form a small group for selfish interests, but a whole that is dedicated to serving the country and the people. This point, which has been stated by the author when discussing the general's moral character, should be paid attention to.

Extension example

Meng Changjun, the State of Qin, gets out of trouble

During the Warring States Period, Meng Changjun, a doctor of the State of Qi, loved to make friends and raised many versatile disciples at home.

King Qin and Meng Changjun were highly appreciated for their talents and talents, so he sent someone to invite Meng Changjun to meet in Xianyang, the capital. Meng Changjun brought many guests to the capital. The king of Qin was very happy and went out to meet him personally, and gave him the best room in the palace.

In order to thank the King of Qin for his kindness, Meng Changjun presented a pure white fox fur robe as a welcome gift. The king of Qin knew that this was a very valuable silver fox, so he told the courtiers to keep it well.

Some ministers of the State of Qin saw that the King of Qin trusted Meng Changjun so much and worried about his position, so they secretly discussed measures to exclude him.

One day, the king of Qin was about to call Meng Changjun to be the prime minister of the state of Qin. Some ministers immediately persuaded the king of Qin, saying, "After all, Meng Changjun is from the state of Qi. If he becomes the prime minister of the state of Qin and controls the fate of the state of Qin, of course he will assassinate the state of Qin for the purpose of Qi."

After hearing what the ministers said, the king of Qin thought it was reasonable, so he decided to give up the call and send Meng Changjun back to the state of Qi. But the ministers said, "He now knows many things about our country of Qin, and can't easily let him go back..." So he put Meng Changjun under house arrest and ready to be executed.

King Qin's brother, Jingyangjun, is Meng Changjun's good friend. He was very worried when he saw that Meng Changjun had been detained for many days and could not get away. So he took Meng Changjun and his gift to see the favored wife of the King of Qin and asked him for help. The lady took the opportunity to blackmail and said, "Just let Meng Changjun go, but I also want a silver fox fur robe."

This can make people feel guilty. Only one silver fox fur robe has been given to the king of Qin, and it can't meet his order. At this time, a doorman came up with an idea and whispered to Meng Changjun for a while.

That night, the doorman climbed into the harem from the dog hole and stole the silver fox fur robe from the clothes warehouse of the King of Qin. When the doorman came out, he startled the sleepy guard, so he lay on the ground and pretended to bark. The guard really thought it was a dog, but he didn't notice. The doorman successfully retrieved the silver fox fur robe. The lady got the silver fox fur robe and really persuaded the king of Qin to order Meng Changjun to be released.

Meng Changjun and his party hurried back overnight and walked to Hangu Pass. The gate was closed before dawn. According to the regulations of the Qin Pass, the gate could only be opened by crowing. Meng Changjun and his party were very worried and panicked. They were afraid that the king of Qin would turn back and send troops to catch up. At this extremely anxious moment, a doorman who is good at learning rooster crowing secretly learns rooster crowing. When he crows, the rooster of the nearby people also crows. The soldier who guards the gate opens the gate as soon as he hears the rooster crowing, and releases Meng Changjun and his party. Meng Changjun is finally out of danger.

The king of Qin regretted it and sent troops to catch up with him. Unfortunately, Meng Changjun had already escaped from the state of Qin.

解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》 谨候第二十一

谨候第二十一

一——加强戒备，严守纪律准则

诸葛长青

修身、齐家、治国、平天下

中国·成功者俱乐部http://q.blog.sina.com.cn/chgyzh

 东方巨龙 天下驰骋！

   夫败军丧师，未有不因轻敌而致祸者。故师出以律，失律则凶。律有十五焉：一曰虑，间谍明也；二曰诘，谇候谨也；三曰勇，敌众不挠也；四曰廉，见利思义也；五曰平，赏罚均也；六曰忍，善含耻也；七曰宽，能容众也；八曰信，重然诺也；九曰敬，礼贤能也；十曰明，不纳谗也；十一曰谨，不违礼也；十二曰仁，善养士卒也；十三曰忠，以身徇国也；十四曰分，知止足也；十五曰谋，自料知他也。

   谇sui

译文

　　凡是将领领兵出师不利，都是因为轻视敌军而产生的后果，所以军队在出师时要严格法律、法令，详细考虑各种细节，按战争规律行事，否则的话仍然会招致灭亡。这些应该注意的问题有十五项：一是虑，要仔细地考虑、谋划，探明敌人的所有情况；二是诘，盘问、追查，搜集敌人情报，并仔细判断情报的真假；三是勇，见敌人阵势威武强大的不退怯；四是廉，不为眼前小利所诱惑，以义为重；五是平，赏罚公正，公平合理；六是忍，忍辱负重，寄希望于未来更伟大的使命；七是宽，宽厚，宽宏大量，能包容他人；八是信，忠信、诚实，遵守诺言；九是敬，对有才德的人以礼相待；十是明，明白是非，不听信搀言；十一是谨，严谨、慎重，不违礼不悖法；十二是仁，仁爱，能无微不至地关心、体贴下级官兵；十三是忠，忠诚报国，为了国家的利益，就是赴汤蹈火也在所不辞；十四是分，行为有分寸，守本分，做事情量力而行；十五是谋，足智多谋，能知己知彼。

　　解析

　　本篇文章论述了治军用兵必须严谨的问题。作者提出“师出以律”，要求将领治军用兵都必须按原则办事，否则就会“败军丧师”。接着，作者提出了十五项“律”，详细陈述了治军用兵必须遵循的十五项原则。这十五项原则，概括起来，就是中国兵法常说的，也是作者在多篇文章中反复论述过的“仁、义、礼、智、勇、严、信”等项，这是造就一支仁义无敌之师的关键。任何一位想要有所作为的将领，必须遵循这些原则，才能带好兵，打胜仗。

　　拓例

　　甘宁谈笑自若退敌
　　三国时期，赤壁之战以后，孙权和刘备的联军乘胜追击曹操的败军，一直追到南郡。驻守南郡的魏国大将曹仁，以逸待劳，击败了吴国的先头部队。周瑜大怒，准备调兵遣将，与曹仁决一雌雄。
　　甘宁上前劝阻，他认为南郡与夷陵互为犄角，应该先袭取夷陵，然后再进攻南郡。吴军大都督周瑜，接受了他的建议，命他领兵攻取夷陵。
　　甘宁率军直逼夷陵城下，与魏军守将曹洪激战二十余回合，曹洪败走，领兵往南郡退逃。甘宁命令部下，迅速夺取了夷陵。
　　甘宁手下兵员很少，只有几百人，入城后立即招兵，也不过千人。当天黄昏，曹仁派曹纯和牛金引兵与曹洪汇合，共聚五千余人，把夷陵城团团围住。曹军架设云梯攻城，被甘宁守军击退。
　　第二天，曹军构筑高楼，然后士兵在高楼上向城中射箭，顿时箭如雨发，射死射伤不少吴军兵士。吴军将士都有些害怕，唯独甘宁有说有笑同往常一样，毫不紧张。他命人收集曹军射来的数万枝箭，选派优秀箭手，与魏军对射由于甘宁率军沉着应战，顽强固守，曹军无法攻破城池。不久，周瑜派来救兵，配合甘宁击退曹军。周瑜为甘宁解围后，亲自慰劳守城将士，并为甘宁记了一功。甘宁临危不惧，沉着镇定，谈笑自若，在军中传为美谈。