Interpretation of the 20th core of Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Court

The heart is the twentieth

——In order to have intelligent and brave people as their confidants, ears, eyes, hands and feet

A general must have his heart, ears, eyes and claws. Those who have no stomach, like people walking at night, are unprepared; Those who have no ears and eyes, such as living in the dark, do not know how to move; Those without claws and teeth, like hungry people who eat poison, will die. Therefore, a good general must have a knowledgeable and wise man as his heart, a careful and honest man as his eyes and ears, and a brave and good enemy as his claws.

translation

As a general, you should have your right and left confidants who can consult with you, your ears and eyes who can tell you the news, and your wings who can resolutely implement your orders. Without a confidant, it is like walking in the dark without knowing where to go. Without eyes and ears, it is like a blind man living in the dark quietly, unable to do what he wants to do, and unable to drill for a certain personal purpose; A person without claws and teeth is like a person who is starving, eats poisonous food and dies of poisoning. Therefore, a wise general must choose knowledgeable and resourceful people as his confidants, smart, cautious and confidential people with strong judgment as his ears and eyes, and brave and brave soldiers as his claws.

analysis

This article incisively discusses the reason that a general must have a loyal backbone to unify the army. The author uses image metaphors to demonstrate in many ways that the general of the unified army must have a resourceful person as the "heart", a person who can report the situation in time as the "eyes", and a person who resolutely carries out the command as the "claws", so as to grasp the situation of the whole army in time, link up and down, command effectively, and form a strong army. The author dares to openly put forward that he must have "heart, ears, eyes and claws", which is really very frank and bold, indicating that the author is open-minded and unselfish. In fact, which general controls the army without a group of loyal subordinates? The problem is that we cannot form a small group for selfish interests, but a whole that is dedicated to serving the country and the people. This point, which has been stated by the author when discussing the general's moral character, should be paid attention to.

Extension example

Meng Changjun, the State of Qin, gets out of trouble

During the Warring States Period, Meng Changjun, a doctor of the State of Qi, loved to make friends and raised many versatile disciples at home.

King Qin and Meng Changjun were highly appreciated for their talents and talents, so he sent someone to invite Meng Changjun to meet in Xianyang, the capital. Meng Changjun brought many guests to the capital. The king of Qin was very happy and went out to meet him personally, and gave him the best room in the palace.

In order to thank the King of Qin for his kindness, Meng Changjun presented a pure white fox fur robe as a welcome gift. The king of Qin knew that this was a very valuable silver fox, so he told the courtiers to keep it well.

Some ministers of the State of Qin saw that the King of Qin trusted Meng Changjun so much and worried about his position, so they secretly discussed measures to exclude him.

One day, the king of Qin was about to call Meng Changjun to be the prime minister of the state of Qin. Some ministers immediately persuaded the king of Qin, saying, "After all, Meng Changjun is from the state of Qi. If he becomes the prime minister of the state of Qin and controls the fate of the state of Qin, of course he will assassinate the state of Qin for the purpose of Qi."

After hearing what the ministers said, the king of Qin thought it was reasonable, so he decided to give up the call and send Meng Changjun back to the state of Qi. But the ministers said, "He now knows many things about our country of Qin, and can't easily let him go back..." So he put Meng Changjun under house arrest and ready to be executed.

King Qin's brother, Jingyangjun, is Meng Changjun's good friend. He was very worried when he saw that Meng Changjun had been detained for many days and could not get away. So he took Meng Changjun and his gift to see the favored wife of the King of Qin and asked him for help. The lady took the opportunity to blackmail and said, "Just let Meng Changjun go, but I also want a silver fox fur robe."

This can make people feel guilty. Only one silver fox fur robe has been given to the king of Qin, and it can't meet his order. At this time, a doorman came up with an idea and whispered to Meng Changjun for a while.

That night, the doorman climbed into the harem from the dog hole and stole the silver fox fur robe from the clothes warehouse of the King of Qin. When the doorman came out, he startled the sleepy guard, so he lay on the ground and pretended to bark. The guard really thought it was a dog, but he didn't notice. The doorman successfully retrieved the silver fox fur robe. The lady got the silver fox fur robe and really persuaded the king of Qin to order Meng Changjun to be released.

Meng Changjun and his party hurried back overnight and walked to Hangu Pass. The gate was closed before dawn. According to the regulations of the Qin Pass, the gate could only be opened by crowing. Meng Changjun and his party were very worried and panicked. They were afraid that the king of Qin would turn back and send troops to catch up. At this extremely anxious moment, a doorman who is good at learning rooster crowing secretly learns rooster crowing. When he crows, the rooster of the nearby people also crows. The soldier who guards the gate opens the gate as soon as he hears the rooster crowing, and releases Meng Changjun and his party. Meng Changjun is finally out of danger.

The king of Qin regretted it and sent troops to catch up with him. Unfortunately, Meng Changjun had already escaped from the state of Qin.

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》 腹心第二十

腹心第二十

——为将须有智能勇悍之士为心腹、耳目、手足

诸葛长青

修身、齐家、治国、平天下

中国·成功者俱乐部http://q.blog.sina.com.cn/chgyzh

 东方巨龙 天下驰骋！

  夫为将者，必有腹心、耳目、爪牙。无腹心者，如人夜行，无所措手足；无耳目者，如冥然而居，不知运动；无爪牙者，如饥人食毒物，无不死矣。故善将者，必有博闻多智者为腹心，沉审谨密者为耳目，勇悍善敌者为爪牙。

 译文

　　身为将领，应该有自己的左右亲信可以咨商事情，有给自己侦察消息通风报信的耳目，有坚决贯彻自己的命令辅佐自己的羽翼。没有心腹之人，就好比人在黑夜中走路，手脚不知该迈向何处，没有耳目之人，就好比盲人安静地生活在黑暗中，不能做自己想做的事，更不能为达到某种个人目的进行钻营活动；没有爪牙之人，就好似一个人饥不择食，吃了有毒的食物，中毒身亡。所以，明智的将帅，一定要选用学识渊博、足智多谋的人做自己的心腹，要选用机智聪明、谨慎保密、有很强的判断力的人做自己的耳目，还要选择勇敢、彪悍的士兵做自己的爪牙。

　　解析

　　本篇文章精辟地论述了将领统军必须有忠实骨干的道理。作者用形象的比喻，多方论证：统军将领必须有足智多谋的人作“腹心”依靠，必须有能及时报告情况的人作“耳目”，以及坚决执行命令的人作“爪牙”，才能及时掌握全军情况，上下贯通，指挥有效，形成一支强有力的军队。作者敢于公然提出必须有“腹心、耳目、爪牙”，确实很坦白，很大胆，说明作者心怀坦荡，不谋私利。其实，哪一位将领没有一批忠诚的部下而驾驭部队呢？问题在于，不能形成一个谋私利的小集团，而是组成一个一心为国为民的整体。这一点，作者在前面论述将领的品德时已有表述，应引起重视。

 拓例

　　孟尝君秦国脱困
　　战国时期，齐国大夫孟尝君很爱交朋友，家里养了很多多才多艺的门客。
　　秦王至孟尝君的才识和为人极为欣赏，于是派人请孟尝君到首都咸阳会面。孟尝君带了很多门客来到首都，秦王非常高兴，亲自出城迎接，并且把宫中最好的房间让给他住。
　　孟尝君为感谢秦王的厚待，奉上一件纯白的狐狸皮袍，作为见面礼。秦王知道这是非常名贵的银狐，于是吩咐侍臣一定要好好收藏。
　　秦国的一些大臣见秦王如此信任孟尝君，担心自己的职位难保，于是暗中商量对策排挤他。
　　一天，秦王准备下令召任孟尝君为秦国的宰相，一些大臣一听，顿时七嘴八舌地劝谏秦王：“孟尝君毕竟是齐国人，如果他当了秦国的宰相，掌握秦国的命运，他当然会替齐国打算而暗害秦国的。”
　　秦王听了大臣们的话，认为有理，于是决定放弃召任，把孟尝君送回齐国，可大臣们又说：“他现已了解我们秦国的许多情况，不能轻易放他回去……”于是把孟尝君软禁监牢，准备处决。
　　秦王的弟弟泾阳君是孟尝君的好朋友。他见孟尝君被扣留多日，无法脱身，很着急，于是带着孟尝君和礼物去见秦王宠幸的夫人，请他帮助。夫人乘机敲诈说：“放走孟尝君只要我一句话就行，但也想要一件银狐皮袍。”
　　这可叫人犯了难，只有一件银狐皮袍已送给了秦王，无法应命。这时一位门客想出一个主意，对孟尝君耳语了一阵。
　　当天晚上，那位门客从狗洞爬进后宫，从秦王的衣库里盗回了银狐皮袍。那位门客出来时惊动了昏昏欲睡的门卫，于是他就趴在地上“汪汪”地装狗叫。门卫真以为是狗，也没留意，门客顺利取回了银狐皮袍。夫人得到了银狐皮袍，真的说服了秦王下令放回孟尝君。
　　孟尝君一行急忙连夜返回，走到函谷关，天还没亮城门紧闭，依照秦国关卡规定，鸡鸣才能开大门。孟尝君一行非常着急，慌作一团，又怕秦王反悔派兵追来。正在这万分焦急的时刻，一位善于学鸡叫的门客偷偷地学着公鸡啼鸣，他这一叫，附近人家的公鸡也跟着叫起来，守城门的士兵一听鸡叫，就打开城门，把孟尝君一行放了出去，孟尝君终于脱险。
　　秦王果然后悔，派兵追赶，可惜孟尝君早已逃出了秦国。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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