Interpretation of the 19th chapter of Juntong in Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Court

Junjing 19th

——Hidden dangers in the military

During the trip of the three armies, there was no trial, and the beacon fire was lost; In the later period, we should not seize the opportunity to disrupt the master and apprentice; Before and after, do not alloy drum; The upper part is not considerate of the lower part; Privately favoritism, not caring for hunger and cold; Non-speaking evil words will lead to bad luck; Nothing is noisy, and the general officials are shocked; Courage is not constrained, but rather dedicated; Invade the treasury and give it money without authorization. These nine are the enemy of the three armies.

Worm moth

translation

When the army acts, there are several situations that can directly lead to the collapse of the whole army: first, the reconnaissance of the enemy's situation is not careful and accurate, and the information feedback is not carried out according to the regulations, which is not consistent with the actual situation; Second, the failure to comply with the order delayed the time of assembly, hindered the entire military operation and lost the aircraft; The third is disobedience to the command, disobedience to the dispatching, and chaos; The fourth is that the generals are not considerate of the lower level and only know how to collect and scrape; Fifth, they engage in malpractice for selfish ends and do not care about the lives of the soldiers at lower levels; Sixth, superstitious slanders, ghosts and signs, and random speculation of good or bad luck; Disrupted the morale of the army; Seventh, the soldiers did not keep order and were noisy, which disturbed the general's decision-making and implementation; Eight is to disobey orders and make claims without authorization; Ninth, corruption is serious, encroaching on state property and doing everything.

analysis

This article points out nine major taboos of military use. Here, Zhuge Liang uses the "bark beetle" as a metaphor to illustrate its harm vividly and accurately. A kind of worm of "bark beetle", which specially bites books, clothes and wood from the inside and destroys these things. Now Zhuge Liang compares the nine mistakes in military use to the "beetles" in the army, which shows that they are the internal factors that destroy an army. They are really exquisite, excellent and thought-provoking. In actual military use, there are countless cases of failure or even total annihilation due to committing one or more of the nine taboos. Zhuge Liang's ability to sum up these lessons into nine taboos and name them as "military junks" is of great help to any general. They should keep in mind that they should never be jealous!

Extension example

Zhuge Liang is burning Bosheng

Cao Cao appointed Xia Houdun as the commander, Yu Jin, Li Dian, Xia Houlan and Han Hao as the deputy generals, and led 100000 troops to Bowangpo to act according to the situation. Xia Houdun, however, could not listen. He only regarded Liu Bei as a "rat" and Zhuge Liang as a "straw", and set out proudly.

Zhuge Liang asked Liu Bei to recruit militiamen. Three thousand people were recruited, and Zhuge Liang taught them to practice the array from morning to night.

Suddenly, Cao Cao sent Xia Houdun to lead a hundred thousand soldiers to Xinye. Liu Bei asked Zhuge Liang to discuss. Zhuge Liang was afraid that the generals would not listen to the order, so he borrowed the seal and sword from Liu Bei, and then gathered the generals to deliver the order. Zhuge Liang said: "There is a mountain on the left of the Bowang Slope, called Yushan, and a forest on the right, called Anlin. These two places can ambush troops and horses. Yunchang can take a thousand soldiers to Yushan to ambush, wait for the enemy to come, let them pass, don't fight; their supplies must be in the back, only wait to see the fire in the south, then let the soldiers attack and burn their food and grass. Yide takes a thousand soldiers to ambush in the valley behind Anlin, as long as he sees the fire in the south, he can Go out and set fire to the old grain depot in Bowang City. Guan Ping and Liu Feng led five hundred soldiers, prepared for the fire, and waited on both sides behind the Bowang Slope. At the beginning of the shift, the enemy soldiers set fire as soon as they arrived. " He also ordered Zhao Yun to be recalled from Fancheng, and ordered him to be the front, not to win, but to lose. Finally, Liu Bei was asked to take a team of people as backup. Command the crowd: "We must work according to the plan, and we must not make mistakes!" Cloud said: "We all go out to meet the enemy, but we don't know what the military division does?" Zhuge Liang said: "I will sit in the county seat!" Zhang Fei laughed and said: "We all go to fight, but you sit idle at home, so comfortable!" Zhuge Liang said: "The sword is printed here, and those who violate the order will kill!" Liu Bei also said: "Haven't you heard of 'in the process of planning a strategy, winning a victory thousands of miles away'? Two brothers, you can't disobey the order." Zhang Fei left with a sneer. Yunchang said, "Let's wait to see if his plan comes true. It's not too late to ask him again then!" Xia Houdun led the troops to Bowang and divided half of the elite soldiers as the front team, while the rest protected the grain truck. It was autumn, and a strong wind slowly blew up. Cao Jun was on his way when he saw dust flying in front of him. Xia Houdun put the horses aside and asked that there was Bowangpo in front and Luochuankou in the back. He let Yu Jin and Li Dian detain the rear array, and went out to the front of the array in person. When he looked at the enemy, he laughed and said, "I laughed at Xu Yuanzhi who boasted of Zhuge Liang as an immortal in front of the prime minister. Now when he used his army to fight me with such an army horse, it was like driving a dog and sheep to fight with a tiger and a leopard! I boasted in front of the prime minister that I would capture Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang alive, and I would certainly realize my promise today!" Then I jumped forward, He scolded Zhao Yun: "You follow Liu Bei, just like a lonely soul following a wild ghost!" Zhao Yun was furious and jumped into the Malay War. After a few rounds, Zhao Yun pretended to lose. Xia Houdun followed from behind. After running for more than ten miles, Zhao Yun returned to fight again. After a few rounds, he ran away again. Han Hao reminded Xia Houdun to beware of ambush. Xia Houdun said, "Even if such an enemy army is ambushed on all sides, what am I afraid of?" He did not listen to the dissuasion and ran to Bowangpo. When meeting Liu Bei to answer the battle, Xia Houdun smiled and said, "This is the ambush! I will not stop until I arrive in Xinye tonight!" He urged the troops to advance. Liu Bei and Zhao Yun fled immediately.

At this time, it was late, with thick clouds and no moonlight; The wind has been strong during the day, and it is getting stronger and stronger. Xia Houdun only cares about urging the army to kill him. Yu Jin and Li Dian rushed to a narrow place. Seeing that there were reeds on both sides, Li Dian worried about being attacked by fire. Li Dian immediately told the rear army to stop advancing. Yu Jin went to the front army and advised Xia Houdun to be more prepared. Unexpectedly, the troops went crazy, and the rear army couldn't stop them for a while. Yu Jin rushed to the front army to persuade the governor, but it was too late to return. Before he finished speaking, he shouted loudly behind his back and lit up a fire, which soon burned the reeds on both sides. At one time, fire was everywhere; The wind is stronger and the fire is fiercer. Cao's troops trampled on each other and killed countless people. When Zhao Yun returned to the army to kill him, Xia Houdun had to run away with fireworks.

Seeing the general situation was bad, Li Dian hurried back to Bowang City, but was stopped by a general. It was the general Guan Yunchang. When the two armies fought in a melee, Li Dian grabbed the road and fled. Yu Jin ran away from the path when he saw that all the food and grass vehicles were burned. Xia Houlan and Han Hao came to save the food and grass and met Zhang Fei. After a few rounds, Zhang Fei stabbed Xia Houlan to death, and Han Hao ran away. Kill until dawn. It's really killing corpses everywhere.

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》军蠹第十九

军蠹第十九

——军中之隐患

诸葛长青

修身、齐家、治国、平天下

中国·成功者俱乐部http://q.blog.sina.com.cn/chgyzh

 东方巨龙 天下驰骋！

   夫三军之行，有探候不审，烽火失度；后期犯令，不应时机，阻乱师徒；乍前乍后，不合金鼓；上不恤下，削敛无度；营私徇己，不恤饥寒；非言妖辞，妄陈祸福；无事喧杂，惊惑将吏；勇不受制，专而陵上；侵竭府库，擅给其财。此九者，三军之蠹，有之必败也。

   蠹du 蛀虫

  译文

　　军队行动时，有几种情况可以直接导致全军崩溃：一是对敌情的侦察不仔细、不准确，在消息的反馈上不按规定进行，与实情不相符合；二是不遵守命令，耽误了集合的时间，使整个军事行动受阻，丧失了战机；三是不服从指挥，不听候调度，忽前忽后，七零八乱；四是将官不体贴下级，只知一味地聚敛搜刮；五是营私舞弊，不关心下级将士的生活；六是迷信诽谤之辞、神鬼怪兆，胡乱猜测吉凶祸福；扰乱了军心；七是士兵不守秩序，喧哗吵闹，扰乱了将帅的决策和执行；八是不遵守命令，擅作主张；九是贪污现象严重，侵占国家财物，无所不为。

　　解析

　　本篇文章指出了用兵的九项大忌。在这里，诸葛亮以“蠹”作比喻，十分形象准确地说明了其危害。“蠹”的一种虫子，专门从里面咬书、咬衣服、咬木头，而至毁坏这些东西。现在诸葛亮把用兵中的九种错误，比作军中之“蠹”，说明这是毁灭一支军队的内部因素，实在精妙绝妙绝伦，引人深思。在实际用兵中，因为犯了这九项大忌中的一项或数项，而导致失败，甚至全军覆没的事例，那真是数不胜数。诸葛亮能把这些教训归纳成九大忌，并冠以“军蠹”之名，对任何一员将领都应说是极大的帮助。他们都应谨记在心，绝对不能犯忌！

　　拓例

　　诸葛亮火烧博望
　　曹操命夏侯惇为都督，于禁、李典、夏侯兰、韩浩为副将，领兵十万，到博望坡见机行事。夏侯惇却听不进去，只把刘备看作“鼠辈”，把诸葛亮视作“草芥”，傲然领兵起程。
　　诸葛亮让刘备招募民兵。共招到三千人，诸葛亮从早到晚教他们演练阵法。
　　忽然来报，曹操派夏候惇领兵十万杀奔新野来了。刘备请诸葛亮商议。诸葛亮怕众将不听号令，向刘备借了印和剑，然后聚集众将传令。诸葛亮说：“博望坡左面有山，名叫豫山；右面有座树林，叫安林，这两处可以埋伏军马。云长可以带一千军兵去豫山埋伏，等敌军到来，放他们过去，别打；他们的辎重粮草必定在后面，只等看见南面火起，再让军兵出击，焚烧他们的粮草。翼德带一千军兵到安林后面的山谷中埋伏，只要看见南面火起，就可以出来，到博望城旧的屯粮之处放火烧粮草。关平、刘封领五百军兵，预备引火的用品，在博望坡后面两边等候，到初更时敌兵一到就放火。”又命从樊城召回赵云，命他为前部，不要赢，只要输。最后请刘备带一队人马作后援。命令众人：“各自必须按计划做事，不许失误！”云长说：“我们都出去迎敌，不知军师却做什么事？”诸葛亮说：“我就坐守县城！”张飞大笑说：“我们都去拼杀，你却在家里闲坐，好自在哟！”诸葛亮说：“剑印在这里，违令的人杀头！”刘备也说：“难道没听过‘运筹帷幄之中，决胜千里之外’吗？二位兄弟，不能违令。”张飞冷笑着走了。云长说：“我们且看他的计策应验不应验，那时再来问他也不迟！”夏侯惇领兵到博望，分出一半精兵作前队，其余的都保护粮车前进。当时正是秋天，慢慢刮起了大风。曹军正在赶路，忽然看见前面尘土飞扬。夏侯惇把人马摆开，问明前面就是博望坡，后面是罗川口。他让于禁、李典押住后阵，亲自出马到阵前，一望敌军，就大笑起来，说道：“我笑徐元直在丞相面前，把诸葛亮夸成神仙；现在看他用兵，用这样的军马和我对阵，真像是赶着狗和羊去与虎豹相斗了！我在丞相面前夸口，要活捉刘备、诸葛亮，今天必定能实现我的诺言了！”随即纵马向前，对赵云骂道：“你们跟着刘备，就像孤魂跟着野鬼一般！”赵云大怒，纵马来战，没战几个回合，赵云就假装败走。夏侯惇从后追赶。跑了十多里，赵云回马又战，没几回合，又再逃走。韩浩提醒夏侯惇谨防埋伏。夏侯惇说：“这样的敌军，就算十面埋伏，我又怕什么呢！”不听劝阻，向博望坡追去。遇到刘备接应交战，夏侯惇笑着说：“这就是埋伏的兵马啊！今天晚上，我不到新野，誓不罢兵！”催着军兵前进。刘备、赵云立即逃走。
　　这时天色已晚，浓云密布，没有月光；白天已刮起大风，这时就越刮越大了。夏侯惇只顾催军赶杀。于禁、李典赶到狭窄的地方，一看两边都是芦苇，担心遭到火攻，李典马上让后军停止前进，于禁去前军劝夏侯惇多加防备。哪知，人马走疯了，后军一时也阻拦不住，于禁赶到前军劝住都督，此时回军，为时已晚。话还没说完，背后喊声大起，燃起一派火光，很快烧着两边芦苇。一时间，四面八方，全都是火；又赶上风大，火势更猛。曹军人马，自相践踏，死人不计其数。赵云回军赶杀，夏侯惇只得冒着烟火逃跑了。
　　李典一见大势不好，急回博望城，却被一将拦住，原来是大将关云长。两军混战，李典夺路逃跑，于禁一看粮草车辆全都被烧，就从小路逃跑了。夏侯兰、韩浩来救粮草，正遇张飞。没有几个回合，张飞一枪刺死夏侯兰，韩浩夺路逃跑。一直杀到天亮，真是杀得尸横遍野，血流成河。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

Click the article title to view

往期精选文章

点击文章标题查看

1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向