Interpretation of the Fourteenth Intelligent Use of Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Yuan

Intelligent use of the 14th

——In order to win in accordance with heaven, time and people

Zhuge Changqing

Cultivate one's moral integrity, unify one's family, govern the country, and level the world

China · Winners Club http://q.blog.sina.com.cn/chgyzh

The oriental dragon gallops around the world!

As a general, he must obey the law of heaven, according to the time and according to the people. Therefore, it is said to be contrary to the time when heaven does not do it while man does it; It is said to be against the sky when people do not do it; Heaven does it when it is done and people don't do it. The wise man is not against the sky, nor against the time, nor against man.

translation

In order to win the battle, the generals and soldiers must take into account the weather, the fighter plane and the quality of the people, and must be in line with the weather, have the fighter plane and have the corresponding combat effectiveness. Therefore, it is against the weather to send troops when conforming to the weather and having the corresponding combat effectiveness, but the time is not ripe. It is against the weather to send troops when having the corresponding combat effectiveness, having mature fighter planes, but not having the weather conditions. It is against the weather to send troops when conforming to the weather and seizing the fighter planes, but not having the corresponding combat effectiveness of the soldiers. A wise general will never go against the weather, the time and the people when he leads the army.

analysis

This article discusses the commanding quality of the general. The article points out that the generals should use their troops "in accordance with the weather, the time and the people", which is often said to pay attention to "the weather, the location and the people". Zhuge Liang also stressed from the opposite side that we should not "go against the sky, the times and the people". This discussion on both sides puts these requirements in a very prominent position.

It is really important to stress "conforming to the weather, timing and people" in the command of the war. Cao Mengde can be regarded as an outstanding military strategist in China's history. He defeated Yuan Shao's million troops, swept the northern land, and was invincible. However, he suffered a disastrous defeat in Chibi. The important reason is that he did not understand the "timing". Cao Mengde led an army of 830000 troops, and went straight down the Yangtze River, with the potential to swallow up Sun Quan and Liu Bei. However, in the Yangtze River water war, his northern soldiers could not adapt. When he was distressed by this, Pang Shiyuan offered him a "chain plan", asking him to lock the warships together with iron rings, 30 or 50 in a row. In this way, the warships connected together are indeed very stable and not afraid of wind and waves. Cao Mengde was very happy and thought it was a safe bet. Cheng Yu, a counselor, warned: "The ships are chained up, which is stable, but if the enemy attacks with fire, it is difficult to avoid. We can't help but defend." Cao Mengde said: "If we use fire to attack, we must use the wind. Now it is the severe winter season, and there is only the northwest wind. How can there be the east wind and the south wind? We are in the northwest, and the enemy forces are on the south bank. If they use fire to attack, they will burn their own troops. What am I afraid of? If it is the early spring of October, I would have been on guard." Cao Mengde only knows the general rules, but not the special circumstances. The result is that the calculation is not as good as Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu, and there are thousands of warships in size, In an instant, the whole army of 830000 was almost destroyed.

Extension example

Adapt to the current situation and find good opportunities

There is a fable in Liezi that tells that two fathers and sons did the same thing, but the results were very different.

During the Warring States Period, there was an old man surnamed Shi in the State of Lu. He had two sons. One loved Confucianism and the other loved the art of war. Later, the one who likes Confucianism, with his profound knowledge and a set of theories of governing the country by virtue, went to lobby the King of Qi, got the important position of the King of Qi, and became the teacher of the princes. The man who loves the art of war came to the State of Chu and talked about the rule of law to the king of Chu. The king of Chu praised his views and appointed him as the minister of military affairs. The two sons are in the prominent position, and their relatives also enjoy the glory and wealth.

The neighbor of Shi Lao, Meng Lao, also has two sons, who have the same learning as the second son of the Shi family, but the family business has not been prosperous. The father and son of the Meng family envied the wealth of the Shi family, so they came to ask for advice and inquired about the way to get an official. The second son of the Shi family told the truth. The Meng family father and son heard that the matter was so simple, but they didn't think of it. I deeply regret that I gave up high office and high salary in vain. Neighbors for so many years, who doesn't know who? What the Shi family's son can do, the Meng family will never be worse! The father and son were very excited when they thought this way. Old Meng sent his two sons on the journey, just as happy as sending them to take office.

A son of Mencius went to the State of Qin to talk about the benefits of governing the world with etiquette. But the king of Qin could not listen to a word. Finally, he was angry and scolded, saying, "What is more important than military and economic affairs in today's feud among the princes? According to your opinion, governing the country with benevolence and justice, is it not that I am waiting for death?" After that, he ordered the guard to impose a palace punishment on the man, and then drove him out of the country.

Another son of Mencius came to the State of Wei and persuaded the Duke of Wei to rule the country by law and to accumulate strength to fight against the princes. Duke Wei said unhappily: "My country is relatively weak and can be preserved under the situation of the big country's war. Obeying the big country and loving the smaller country is the only feasible strategy, and it is also the reason for safeguarding the country's peace. If the big country thinks I want to fight it with force, the small country thinks I want to annex it, and make enemies on all sides, do you think I can still sit here safely? If I let you go like this, it will make other countries think I am moved by you, and will It will cause no small disaster ". So he ordered someone to cut off one of his feet and send him back to the State of Lu. The two sons of the Meng family have become useless people. When the father and son meet, they cry bitterly. Thinking of the idea of the Shi family, he immediately beat his chest and accused the old Shi father and son of cheating them.

Shilao also sympathized with the neighbors' sufferings, comforted them repeatedly and persuaded them to cry, Say calmly: "Our neighbor has been doing this kind of outrageous thing for many years, who can do it? Please listen to me and tell me why it is different. Generally speaking, when we catch the right time, we can do everything right. When the time passes, we can't do anything. Your method is the same as mine, why is the result different from mine? This is the reason for losing the opportunity, and it is not the mistake in action. Besides, there is no fixed reason for the world's affairs, and there will never be any Constant right and wrong. What was needed in the past may be abandoned today; What is discarded today may still be needed in the future. There is no difference between right and wrong. It is indispensable wisdom to adapt to the current situation, find good opportunities and deal with everything with a flexible mind. If you don't have this kind of wisdom, even if you are as knowledgeable as Confucius and as versatile as Jiang Taigong, how can you not run into obstacles everywhere? " Meng's father and son suddenly realized that the anger on his face was gone, and said sincerely, "We all understand. Don't say it again!"

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》智用第十四

智用第十四

——为将要顺天、因时、依人以立胜

诸葛长青

修身、齐家、治国、平天下

中国·成功者俱乐部http://q.blog.sina.com.cn/chgyzh

 东方巨龙 天下驰骋！

 夫为将之道，必顺天、因时、依人以立胜也。故天作时不作而人作，是谓逆时；时作天不作而人作，是谓逆天；天作时作而人不作，是谓逆人。智者不逆天，亦不逆时，亦不逆人也。

译文

　　将帅将兵出征想夺取战斗的胜利，必须考虑到天候、战机、人的素质这几方面的因素，要顺天候、得战机、具备相应的战斗力。所以在顺应了天候、也具备了相应的战斗力，但时机却不成熟的情况下出兵是逆时，在具备了相应的战斗力，有了成熟的战机，但不具备天候条件下出兵是逆天，在顺应了天候、抓住了战机，但却不具备士兵相应的战斗力的条件下出兵是逆人。明智的将帅，领兵作战是决不会逆天、逆时、逆人的。

　　解析

　　本篇文章论述的是将领的指挥素养。文章指出，将领用兵要“顺天、因时、依人”，这就是人们常说的注重“天时、地利、人和”。诸葛亮又从反面强调，不能“逆天、逆时、逆人”。这样正反两面论述，把这些要求摆到了十分突出的位置上了。
　　讲求“顺天、因时、依人”，在临战指挥上确实太重要了。曹孟德可算得我国历史上一位杰出的军事家了，他打败袁绍百万大军，横扫北方大地，所向无敌。但他在赤壁却遭了惨败，其中重要的原因就是他没有吃透“天时”。曹孟德统领八十三万大军，浩浩荡荡，直下长江，大有一口吞掉孙权、刘备之势。但是，在长江水战，他的北方士兵不能适应。正当他为此苦恼时，庞士元给他献了一条“连环计”，让他用铁环把战船锁在一起，三十只或五十只成一排。这样一来，连在一起的战船果然十分平稳，不怕风浪。曹孟德十分高兴，以为稳操胜券了。谋士程昱提醒说：“船都连锁起来，固然平稳；但是，敌人如用火攻，就难以躲避了。不能不防。”曹孟德说：“凡是用火攻，必须借用风力。现在正是严冬季节，只有西北风，怎么会有东风、南风呢？我们在西北方，敌军都在南岸，他们如用火攻，是烧自己的军队，我怕什么？如果是十月小阳春时，我早就提防了。”曹孟德这是只知一般规律，而不知特殊情况，结果算计不如诸葛亮、周瑜，大小几千只战船，顷刻之间，灰飞烟灭，八十三万大军几乎全军覆没。

　　拓例

　　顺应时势寻良机
　　《列子》里有一篇寓言故事，讲述两家父子做了同样的事，因此而得到的祸福却大相径庭。
　　战国时，鲁国有一个姓施的老人，他有两个儿子，一个喜欢儒学，另一个爱好兵法。后来，喜欢儒学的这一个，凭着自己的渊博知识和一套以德治国的学说，去游说齐王，得到齐王的重用，做了王子们的老师。那个爱好兵法的，来到楚国，向楚王纵谈法治，楚王对他的见解大加赞赏，委任他为军政大臣。两个儿子身居显位，他们的亲人也跟着沾光，尽享荣华富贵。
　　施老的邻居孟老，也有两个儿子，与施家二子所学相同，但家业却一直不兴盛。孟家父子羡慕施家的富有，于是上门请教，打听求官的门路。施家二子以实相告。孟家父子一听，事情原来是这样简单，自己却没想到。为以前白白地放弃高官厚禄，深感后悔。邻居这么多年，谁不了解谁呢？施家儿子能做到的，孟家的人绝不会更差！父子三人这样想着，心里很是兴奋。孟老将两个儿子送上旅程，就象送他们去上任一样快意。
　　孟老的一个儿子前往秦国，大谈以礼治天下的好处。秦王却一句也听不进去，最后竟发起怒来，斥责说：“当今诸侯混战，强存弱亡，什么能比军事、经济更要紧？照你的说法，用仁义治国，这不是叫我束手待毙吗？”说完便传令卫士，将此人施以宫刑，然后逐出国境。
　　孟老的另一个儿子来到卫国，劝说卫侯以法治国，积蓄力量，跟诸侯抗衡。卫侯不高兴地说：“我的国家比较弱小，在大国征战的形势下得以保全。服从大国，爱护更小的国家，这是唯一可行的策略，也是卫国平安无事的原因。如果借助武力，大国以为我要对抗它，小国以为我要吞并它，四面树敌之后，你想我还能安稳地坐在这里么？如果就这样放你走，会让其他国家以为我被你说动了心，将会造成不小的祸患”。于是命人砍去此人的一只脚，并派人把他送回鲁国。孟家两个儿子，已经变成了废人，父子相见，抱头痛哭。想起施家出的主意，便顿足捶胸，谴责施老父子欺骗了他们。
　　施老对邻居的遭遇也很同情，连连安慰，劝住了他们的哭声，心平气和地说：“我们邻居多年，谁能做这种伤天害理的事呢？请听我说一说这祸福为何不同。一般地说，赶上好时机，做什么都顺当，时机一过，便什么也做不成。你们的方法和我相同，为何结果又和我不一样呢？这就是失去了时机的缘故，绝不是行动上有什么差错。况且，天下之事，既没有固定的理，也永远没有不变的是非。从前需要的，也许今天弃而不用；今天弃掉的，也许以后仍然需要。这用或是不用，是没有对与错的分别的。顺应时势，寻找良机，以灵活的头脑去应付一切，这是不可缺少的智慧。如果不具备这种智慧，既使象孔子一样渊博，象姜太公一样多才，又怎能不四处碰壁呢？”孟氏父子恍然大悟，脸上的怒气一扫而光，诚恳地说：“我们全都明白了，您别再说了！”

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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