Interpretation of the 13th material selection in Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Court

Thirteenth material selection

——Choose materials and use them to the best of their abilities

My master's trip also includes those who are aggressive and happy to fight, and those who win the strong enemy alone will gather together as a group, and they will be called the people who serve the country; Those who have the strength to cover the three armies and the material strength to be brave and victorious will gather together as a group, and are called the men of the sudden array; Those who have light feet and good steps, and walk like horses, gather together as a group, and are called Qi Qi Qi Qi Men; There are those who ride and shoot like flying and hit all targets. They gather together as a group and are called the men who fight for the front; If you shoot, you will hit, and if you hit, you will die. You will be gathered into a group, which is called a galloping man; There are those who are good at making strong crossbows, and those who are far away and in the middle. They gather together as a group, and are called those who destroy the front. The good men of the six armies are used for their abilities.

translation

When arranging the army, the general should pay attention to the following: some soldiers are highly skilled in martial arts, like to fight against the enemy, and are willing to compete with strong opponents independently, so they should be grouped into one ranks. These people can be regarded as the soldiers who serve the country; Some soldiers have the highest morale in the third army, are energetic and skillful, so they should be grouped into a group. These people can be regarded as commandos; Some soldiers walk quickly and quickly, and are as powerful as galloping horses. They should be grouped together. This person can form a forward team; Some soldiers are good at riding and shooting, and have excellent archery skills. They should be grouped together to form a surprise attack team; Some soldiers are specialized in archery and are first-class archers. They should also be grouped into a team. These people can form a shooting team; Some soldiers are extremely powerful and can use powerful bows and crossbows. They can hit the target even if the range is relatively long. They should be grouped together to form a blocking team. It can be seen that different soldiers have different abilities and characteristics, so they should be able to give full play to their special skills, and do their best.

analysis

This article is devoted to the way of employment. The author divides the officers and men in the army into six types, describes their respective characteristics, and then puts forward his own opinion: "Each uses them according to his ability".

The ability to recognize and employ people is one of the criteria to measure the ability of a general, and it is also an important criterion. No matter how powerful the general is, it is impossible to dominate the whole country by himself. Only by organizing a strong team can we defeat the powerful enemy. It is impossible for all soldiers in the army to be the same. They must have their own strengths and weaknesses. It is difficult for one to be good at everything. However, if an army can give full play to the respective strengths of its officers and men, it can form a powerful and invincible army with all kinds of skills. A wise general is able to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the officers and men in the army, use their strengths and avoid their weaknesses, and organize their subordinates into a team that is good at everything. So, even though the general is not superior in martial arts, his army is invincible. Therefore, the wisdom of an outstanding general lies in "using it according to its ability"!

Extension example

Appoint people on merit to win the world

In 202 BC, Liu Bang, the king of the Han Dynasty, ascended the throne and became the emperor, known as the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. All officials, civil and military, come forward and greet each other with great respect. This is something that the emperor, who was born as a farmer's son, could not have dreamed of a few years ago. So he set up a celebration banquet in Luoyang South Palace for three days. Everyone was drinking, talking and laughing, very lively. Liu Bang was also very happy. He said to everyone, "Dear princes and generals, today is the day of Daqing. You all have your heart in your heart. Don't deceive me. Tell me why I Liu Bang won the world, and why Xiang Yu lost the world?"

Everyone drinks a lot of wine, but who dares to talk nonsense. Everyone, you say and sing compliments one by one. General Wang Ling said better, He said, "Your majesty sent a brave man to fight in armor, and when he captured the city, he was awarded a reward. It was profitable. Your majesty can share the interests of the world, so everyone would work hard to fight for you. But Xiang Yu did not award or not reward, so he lost the world." Someone then said: "Not only do you not award, but also envy the virtuous and jealous of the virtuous. The virtuous and meritorious will also be framed and suspected!" Liu Bang laughed and said: "You are not comprehensive. The main reason why I am today is that I can use people wisely and appoint people on merit. I have three great sages. In fact, I am not as good as Zhang Liang in terms of foresight, Xiao He in terms of governing the country and the people, and Han Xin in terms of unifying the army to attack the city. But I can reuse these three heroes in the world, so I can achieve the world. But Xiang Yu has only one Fan Zeng, but I can't reuse. This is him The root of failure! "

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》择材第十三

择材第十三

——择材施用各尽其才

诸葛长青

修身、齐家、治国、平天下

中国·成功者俱乐部http://q.blog.sina.com.cn/chgyzh

 东方巨龙 天下驰骋！

   夫师之行也，有好斗乐战，独取强敌者，聚为一徒，名曰报国之士；有气盖三军，材力勇捷者，聚为一徒，名曰突阵之士；有轻足善步，走如奔马者，聚为一徒，名曰搴旗之士；有骑射如飞，发无不中者，聚为一徒，名曰争锋之士；有射必中，中必死者，聚为一徒，名曰飞驰之士；有善发强弩，远而和中者，聚为一徒，名曰摧锋之士。此六军之善士，各因其能而用之也。

    搴qian

译文

　　将帅在编排军队时，应该注意：有的士兵武艺高强，喜欢对敌厮杀，愿意独立地与强劲对手较量，应把他们编在一个行列里，这些人可以算的上是报国之士；有的士兵气冠三军，精力充沛，身手狡捷，应把他们编在一个行列里，这些人可以算作是突击队；有的士兵行走快速而敏捷，象飞驰的马一样有威势，应把他们编在一起，这此人可以组成前锋队；有的士兵善骑善射，箭术高超，百发百中，应把他们编在一起，这些人可以组成奇袭队；有的士兵专门擅长射箭，是一流的射手，也应把他们编在一个行列里，这些人可以组成射击队；有的士兵力大无比可以使用强有力的弓弩，即使射程比较远也可以射中目标，应把他们编成一组，组成阻击队。可见，不同的士兵，有不同的能力特点，应该使他们能充分发挥自己的特长，各尽其才，各尽其用。

　　解析

　　本篇文章专门论述用人之道。作者把军中将士分为六种类型，分别描绘出各自的特点，然后提出自己的主张：“各因其能而用之”。
　　能否识人、用人，是一员将领才干高低的衡量标准之一，而且是一项重要的标准。将领本领再高强，也不可能一个人包打天下。只有组织起一支强大的队伍才能战胜强敌。而军中将士不可能人人一样，必然是各有所长，各有所短，很难一个人样样皆精。但是，一支军队如能充分发挥军中将士的各自所长，就能形成一支样样皆精的强大无敌的军队。一个聪明的将领，就在于能够了解军中将士各自的长短，用其所长，避其所短，把自己的部下组织成一支样样皆精的队伍。那么，即使这位将领并非武艺超群，而他的军队却是无敌的。所以说，一位杰出将领的高明就在于“各因其能而用之”！

　　拓例

　　任人唯贤得天下
　　公元前２０２年汉王刘邦登基，做了皇帝，称为汉高祖。文武百官前呼后拥，毕恭毕敬。这是农民儿子出身的皇帝在几年前做梦也想不到的事呀。于是他在洛阳南宫摆设庆功酒宴，大庆三天。大家喝着、说着、笑着，非常热闹。刘邦也非常高兴，他对大家说：“各位诸侯将领，今天是大庆之日，你们都说心里话，不许欺骗我，告诉我，我刘邦为什么能获天下，而项羽为什么却失了天下？”
　　大伙酒是没少喝，可谁敢说胡话。大家你一句我一句地说唱着恭维话。将军王陵说得更好，他说：“陛下派壮士去披甲征战，攻下城邑就封给他，有封有赏，有利可图。陛下能与天下同利，所以大家肯卖力替你打天下。而项羽却不封不赏，所以丢失天下。”有人接着说：“不仅不封赏而且还妒贤忌能，贤能的有功的还要被陷害，遭怀疑呢！”刘邦笑了笑说：“你们说得很不全面，我之所以能有今天，主要是用人上能够知人善用，任人唯贤。我重用了三名大贤人。其实在深谋远虑上我不如张良，在治国安民上我不如萧何，在统兵攻城这方面我更不如韩信。可是我能够重用这三位当世豪杰，所以才能取得天下。而项羽只有一个范增，却还不能重用。这就是他失败的根本哪！”

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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