Interpretation of "Zhuge Liang's Art of War. General Yuan"

Will be the eighth

(General should have "five good" and "four desires")

There will be five good and four desires. The five good people are good at knowing the situation of the enemy, the way to advance and retreat, the reality of the country, the time and the people, and the dangers of mountains and rivers. The four desires, the so-called war desire to be strange, the plot desire to be secret, the public desire to be quiet, and the heart desire to be one.

translation

The requirement for the general's military practical ability is "five good and four desires". The five good points are: good at observing the enemy's force deployment, good at correctly judging the time of attack and retreat, good at understanding the strength of the belligerents, good at taking advantage of the favorable opportunities for their own side, good at taking advantage of the rugged and dangerous terrain of mountains and rivers. The four desires refer to: winning by surprise in battle, careful planning, numerous people and complicated affairs, pursuing calm and steady, maintaining the unity of the whole army and working together to fight the war.

analysis

This article discusses the general literacy. The article adopts the direct method, and puts forward the requirements of five good and four desires clearly and concretely. Among them, the "five good" is the requirement for the general's military literacy and knowledge, while the "four desires" is the requirement for command ability and cultivation.

For an excellent general, these requirements are not demanding. Only by achieving the "five goodness" and "four desires" can he command freely and invincible. Zhuge Liang's country of Shu is the weakest of the three countries, but he can control the situation of the three countries and make the country of Shu stand still. It is precisely because he has achieved the "five good" and "four desires", and can win repeatedly, even in defeat.

Of course, it is not easy to truly achieve the "five good" and "four desires". We must be knowledgeable, willing to study, good at summarizing and pay attention to self-cultivation. If you want to become an outstanding general and achieve something, you must do it. Aspiring people should take this as a standard to regulate themselves and sharpen themselves.

Extension example

Lv Meng read books and offered clever ideas

During the Three Kingdoms Period, there was a famous general in Wu State, named Lv Meng. He was born in the army and had no chance to read and practice calligraphy. His family was poor when he was young. Apart from practising martial arts, he did not have access to the works of various schools of thought.

One day, Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu, invited Lv Meng and said to him with concern, "Now you are a man of both fame and power in the imperial court. You can't have no knowledge. It's not enough to talk about martial arts. You should read more books and increase some knowledge to live up to the expectations!"

Lv Meng was embarrassed and said, "I am busy in the military camp all day, and I have unfinished military affairs. Where can I still read books?"

"No," Sun Quan patiently enlightened him, "It's unreasonable not to read books on the pretext of being busy with military affairs. Am I not busy? The imperial court, internal affairs and foreign affairs, which don't bother me, but I still take time to read. Of course, I don't want you to immerse yourself in books all day and don't ask about military affairs, but just want you to see the experience left by your predecessors, expand your horizons, and enrich yourself, which is very beneficial for you to lead the army in the future..."

"You are right. I heard that Emperor Guangwu was also a diligent and studious man. He never left his books in the chaotic military life... I will take him as an example and study hard!"

Lv Meng was a general who did what he said. From then on, he insisted on reading every day, sometimes late at night. I have read more books and improved my knowledge.

Before long, Lu Su took the place of Governor Zhou Yu. The two often discussed important military and political issues of the country. One day, Lu Su went to Lvmeng's station to see him, and Lvmeng treated him warmly. During the banquet, Lv Meng asked Lu Su, "What are your strategies for guarding Lukou and neighboring Guan Yu?" Lu Su casually replied, "Oh, let's talk about it then

Lu Su listened to Lv Meng's five secret strategies and was surprised. He said happily, "I only knew you had martial arts before, but now I know you have extensive knowledge. You are not the old Amun!"

Lv Meng also laughed: "After three days of separation, you should treat people with new eyes. You can't look at people with old eyes!"

 解读《诸葛亮兵法.将苑》 将善第八

将善第八

(将领应具备“五善”、“四欲”)

   将有五善四欲。五善者，所谓善知敌之形势，善知进退之道，善知国之虚实，善知天时人事，善知山川险阻。四欲者，所谓战欲奇，谋欲密，众欲静，心欲一。

译文

　　对将帅的军事实践能力的要求是“五善四欲”。五善是指：擅长察晓敌人的兵力部署，擅长正确地判断进攻和撤退的时机，擅长了解交战双方的国力虚实，擅长利用对自己一方有利的时机，擅长利用山川地形的崎岖险阻。四欲是指：作战时出奇制胜，谋划要周密，人多事繁，追求文静稳重，保持全军上下团结一心，合力抗战。

　　解析

　　本篇文章论述了将领素养。文章采用直述方法，直截了当，明确具体地提出了五善四欲的要求。其中“五善”是对将领军事素养方面和知识才能上的要求，而“四欲”则是在指挥才能和修养上的要求。
　　这些要求对一员优秀将领来说，不算荷求，只有做到“五善”和“四欲”，才能指挥自如，战无不胜。诸葛亮效力的蜀国，是三国中最弱的一方，他却能左右三国形势，让蜀国屹立不动，正是由于他做到了“五善”、“四欲”，而能屡战屡胜，甚至败中求胜。
　　当然，真正做到“五善”、“四欲”很不容易，必须博学多识，肯于研究，善于总结，注重修养。要想成为一员杰出将领，要想成就一番事业，却是非做到不可。有志者应以此为标准来规范自己，磨砺自己。

　　拓例

　　吕蒙读书献妙计
　　三国时代，吴国有一位著名的大将军，名叫吕蒙。他出身行伍，没有机会读书习字，幼时家境贫寒，除了苦练武功之外，没有接触到诸子百家的著作。
　　有一天，吴主孙权把吕蒙请来，关心地对他说：“如今你是朝廷既有名望又有权势的人，不能没有知识呀，只讲武战是不够的，应该多读点书，增加一些见识，才不负众望哟！”
　　吕蒙窘迫地辩解说：“我整日在军营里忙碌，有处理不完的军务，哪里还有空看书呢？”
　　“不对呀，”孙权耐心地开导他，“以军务忙为借口就不读书是说不过去的，我难道不忙吗？朝廷上下，内政外交，哪一项不让我操心，但我还是抽出时间来读书。当然我也不是叫你整日埋头在书籍里，不问军务，而只是想让你看看前人留下的经验，扩大些眼界，充实一下自己，这样对你日后领导军队是极有益处的……”
　　“您说得对，我听说光武皇帝也是一位勤奋好学的人，他在兵荒马乱的军旅生活中，手一直没有离开过书本……我要以他为榜样，下苦功夫读书呀！”
　　吕蒙是一个说到做到的将军，从那以后果然坚持天天读书，有时读到深夜。书读得多了，见识也提高了许多。
　　不久，鲁肃代替了都督周瑜的职位，两人经常讨论国家的军政要事。一天，鲁肃到吕蒙的驻地去看望他，吕蒙盛情款待。席间吕蒙问鲁肃：“您受朝廷重任，驻防陆口，与关羽为邻，有何谋略以防不测？”鲁肃随便答道：“哦，到时候再说吧！”吕蒙站起身，一本正经地说：“关羽如同熊虎，厉害得很，不能不防呀！我这里有五条妙计，愿意奉献给您……”
　　鲁肃听罢吕蒙五条密策，不禁惊喜万分，高兴地说：“我以前只知道你有武功，现在才知道你还有广博的学识。你已经不是从前的那个阿蒙喽！”
　　吕蒙也大笑起来：“士别三日，就该刮目相待嘛，不能用老眼光看人！”

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

Click the article title to view

往期精选文章

点击文章标题查看

1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向