The treasure of wisdom: interpreting the fifth weapon in Zhuge Liang's Art of War

What kind of general do you want to be?

---Zhuge Changqing

Original text: The size of the tool is different. If you are observing his treachery, waiting for his misfortune, and being obeyed by all, you are the general of ten men; Sleeping all day long and observing the words closely, this century-old general; Be straight and considerate, brave and able to fight, the general of thousands of men; Huanhuan in appearance, strong in love, industrious in knowledge, hungry and cold in knowledge, the general of ten thousand men; Advancing talents, being cautious every day, being honest and generous, being idle in disorderly work, is the general of 100000 people; Benevolent, loyal and obedient to neighboring countries, knowing astronomy, human affairs, geography, and the interior view of the four seas is like a home.

Generals have different temperament and bearing, and their abilities and functions are different. If you can detect the treachery of others, see the hidden dangers and disasters of things, and be convinced by your subordinates, this general is a general of ten, and can lead a team of ten. If you get up early and go to bed late, work hard for business all day, speak carefully and listen to your subordinates, this kind of general is the general of hundreds of men, and can lead a team of hundreds of people. He is honest and farsighted, brave and good at fighting. Such a general is a general of thousands, and can lead a team of thousands. The appearance is majestic, the heart is full of feelings, the personality is open and aboveboard, can understand the efforts and hardships of others, and can care about the hunger and cold conditions of others. This kind of general is the general of ten thousand people, and can lead the army of ten thousand people. A general who is capable of holding up virtuous and capable people, constantly enriching himself by virtue and training, continuously being loyal, trustworthy, tolerant and magnanimous, and good at managing troubled times, is a general of 100000 people and can command a force of 100000 people. He can treat his subordinates with benevolence, but also convince the neighboring countries. He knows astronomy, is good at interpersonal relations, knowledge and geography, and looks at the whole world. Running a country is like running a country, and running a country is like running a country, and is harmonious and complete. Such a general is the general of the world, and can govern the whole world.

Analysis: This article explains the qualities and abilities that commanders at all levels must possess. The author writes carefully, from "ten generals" and "one hundred generals" to "one hundred thousand generals" and even to "one hundred thousand generals", and describes them level by level. It is of great reference value for the selection and appointment of subordinates and the self-regulation of generals at all levels.

We can also see that the highest realm of Zhuge Liang's ideal is "the general of the world". The author said that this kind of general is benevolent to the world, is faithful and convincing to the four neighboring countries, is good at understanding people, knows astronomy and geography, and is home to the world, and takes the world as its own responsibility. This kind of person is certainly not the general who leads the army in war, but the handsome person who commands the three armies and the pillar of the country. Such talents are naturally very rare, but to be strong, to maintain long-term stability and to prosper, a country must select and cultivate such talents.

Zhuge Liang himself is a typical figure of this kind. Before Liu Bei got him, although there were also Guan Gong, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and other invincible generals, they had no foothold and could not become the climate. It was only after Zhuge Liang was invited to assist him at the Sangu Thatched Cottage that he became an important force and established the Kingdom of Shu.

If a country can get such talents, it will be a blessing to the country and the people.

Extension example: Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty granted rewards to private relatives

After the Li family destroyed the Sui and revived the Tang Dynasty, after several years of expedition, it was only when Li Shimin became the emperor that the world was completely pacified. Li Shimin awarded meritorious ministers, and Fang Xuanling, Du Ruhai and others were highly valued and regarded as loyal ministers. However, Li Shimin's great enfeoffment of the world has caused dissatisfaction from many old ministries. Among them, his uncle Li Shentong was the most unhappy.

Li Shentong, the king of Huai'an, said, "When I started to fight in Kansai, I was the first to support my ancestors. Now, even people like Fang Xuanchi and Du Ruhai are on top of me. I am the elder of the Li family. How can I be convinced?" Li Shentong's words immediately got a response. Those old people in Lord Qin's Residence who had not been promoted also complained. See this scenario, Li Shimin said to Li Shentong, "My uncle is my close relative, and I respect you very much. But although you initiated the Rebellion, you did not contribute to the country. The purpose of the uprising was to avoid the disaster. You first annihilated the whole army in Shandong, and then fled when fighting in Liuheita. Without the assistance of Fang Xuanchi and others, I would have been defeated by the enemy. I can't reward you and the Founding Fathers for your meritorious deeds just because you are my uncle." Li Shentong blushed at the words, remain silent. Li Shimin also said, "Only selflessness can convince the people of the world. Rewards can only be based on merit, and useful talents can be appointed. Although the people in Lord Qin's Mansion are my old people, some people are lack of virtue and talent, and will only make empty complaints. What is the great plan for governing the country and ensuring the country?"

After hearing Li Shimin's words, the generals were convinced and said: "Your majesty is so selfless, and has no selfish interest in your close uncle and the old department. What can we worry about? We dare not have any thoughts at all, but try our best to serve the country."

Nanwu Master Sakyamuni Buddha. Namo Amitabha. There is no Oriental Glazed Medicine Master Buddha in the south.

Nanwu Guanyin Bodhisattva. Nanwudi Tibetan King Bodhisattva. Nanwukong hides Bodhisattva.

Blessed life is limitless. Yuanshi Tianzun. Lingbao senior. The moral supremacy.

Taiyi saved the bitter god. Confucius, the supreme teacher of Dacheng. Jesus Christ. Mohammed.

All Buddhas and Bodhisattvas of the three generations in ten directions.

All immortals in the three realms and ten directions.

All sages at all times and in all countries.

Don't do any evil, and do all good. Persistence and responsiveness.

  智慧宝典：解读《诸葛亮兵法》将器第五

                将之器，其用大小不同，汝欲成何等之将帅？

                                     ---诸葛长青

    原文： 将之器，其用大小不同。若乃察其奸，伺其祸，为众所服，此十夫之将；夙兴夜寐，言词密察，此百夫之将；直而有虑，勇而能斗，此千夫之将；外貌桓桓，中情烈烈，知人勤劳，悉人饥寒，此万夫之将；进贤进能，日慎一日，诚信宽大，闲于理乱，此十万人之将；仁爱洽于下，信义服邻国，上知天文，中察人事，下识地理，四海之内视如家室，此天下之将。

  译文：将帅的气质、气度有不同，其本领、作用有大小之分。如果能察觉他人的奸诈，看到事物潜伏的危害、祸端，被部下所信服，这种将领为十夫之将，可以统领十人的队伍。如果早起晚睡，整日为公事操劳，言辞谨慎小心，能倾听部下的心声，这种将领为百夫之将，可以统领百人的队伍。为人耿直又深谋远虑，勇猛善战，这样的将领是千夫之将，可以统领千人的队伍。外表威武，内心蕴藏着丰富的感情，个性光明磊落，能了解别人的努力和辛苦，又能关心他人的饥寒情况，这种将领为万夫之将，可以统领万人的部队。能举贤能之人，进德修业不断充实自己，连续不断，为人忠诚、可信、宽容、大度，善于治理乱世，这样的将领为十万人之将，可以统领十万人的部队。能以仁爱之心待部下，又能使领国信服，晓天文，善处人际关系，知识地理，放眼四海之内，治家如同治国，治国如同治家，和谐圆满，这样的将领是天下之将，可以治理整个天下。

　　解析：本篇文章说明了各级指挥人员必须具备的素养和才干。作者写得很细致，从“十夫之将”、“百夫之将”，直写到“、十万人之将”以至“天下之将”，逐级加以述说。对于为将之人选拔任用部下，各级将领规范自我，很有参考价值。
　　我们还可看出，诸葛亮理想的最高境界是“天下之将”，作者说，这种将领普施仁爱于天下，讲信义而让四邻邦国信服，善于识人用人，懂得天文地理，并且四海为家，以天下为已任。这种人当然不是一般领兵打仗的将领，而是统率三军的帅才，治国安邦的栋梁人物。这种人才自然十分难得，但一个国家要强大，要长治久安，要兴旺发达，就必须得选拔和造就出这样的人才。
　　诸葛亮本人可算是这类人物的典型。刘备在得到他之前，尽管也有关公、张飞、赵云等等无敌猛将，却无立足之地，成不了气候。只是在三顾茅庐，请出诸葛亮辅佐之后，才得以成为一支重要力量，建立了蜀国。
　　一个国家能得到这样的人才，将是国家幸甚，人民幸甚了。

　　拓例：唐太宗封赏不私亲
　　李氏灭隋兴唐后，又经过数年征讨，到李世民称帝时，才算彻底平定天下。李世民封赏有功之臣，房玄龄、杜如海等人都受到了重用，被视耿股肱之臣。但李世民大封天下，却引起了许多旧部的不满。其中他的叔父李神通最为不悦。
　　淮安王李神通说：“我起兵关西，最先拥戴高祖。如今，连房玄齿、杜如海这样的人都位居我上，我是李氏家族的长辈，这让我怎么能够服气？”李神通此言一出，立刻得到反响。那些没有得到升迁的秦王府的旧人，也纷纷抱怨起来。见此情景，李世民对李神通说：“叔父是我的至亲，我非常尊重您。但您虽首倡义军，却无功于国家。起兵是为了避患，您先在山东全军覆没，后在刘黑闼作战时望风而逃。如果没有房玄齿等的辅佐，我早就被敌人打败了。我不能因为您是我的叔父，就把您和开国元勋同功论赏。”一席话说得李神通面红耳赤，闭口无言。李世民又说：“为政之道，只有无私才能让天下人心服。行赏只能按功而论，任用有用之才。秦王府的人虽是我的旧部，但有的人却缺德少才，只会空发怨言，这哪是治国安邦的大计呢？”
　　听了李世民的一番言辞，众将心悦诚服，纷纷说：“陛下如此大公无私，对至亲的叔父和旧部没有一点私心，我们还有什么可忧虑的呢？一点也不敢有非分之想，唯有尽力报效国家了。”

南无本师释迦牟尼佛。南无阿弥陀佛。南无东方琉璃药师佛。
南无观世音菩萨。南无地藏王菩萨。南无虚空藏菩萨。
福生无量天尊。元始天尊。灵宝天尊。道德天尊。

太乙救苦天尊。大成至圣先师孔子。耶稣基督。穆罕默德。
十方三世诸佛菩萨。
三界十方一切神仙。
古今中外一切圣贤。

     诸恶莫作，众善奉行。持之以恒、有求必应。     　

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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