Treasure of Wisdom: Interpretation of Zhuge Liang's Art of War

Knowing human nature, knowing people well, treating people with sincerity, and warning people with courtesy are the basic qualities that the commanders of the three armies must possess!

---Zhuge Changqing

Original text: If you know the nature of people, it is not difficult to observe. There are different beauty and evil, different feelings and different looks. There are those who are gentle but deceitful, those who are respectful but deceitful, those who are brave but cowardly, and those who try their best to be disloyal. However, there are seven ways to know a person: one is to judge his will by right and wrong, the other is to judge his change by words, the third is to consult him by strategy, the fourth is to tell him to judge his courage by misfortune, the fifth is to judge his character by wine, the sixth is to judge his honesty by profit, and the seventh is to judge his faith by things.

There is nothing more difficult in the world than to truly understand a person's nature. Everyone has different degrees of good and evil, and their nature and appearance are also different. Some people are gentle in appearance but treacherous in behavior, some people are courteous but deceitful, some people look brave but actually are cowardly, some people seem to have tried their best but actually have other plans. However, there are seven ways to understand a person's nature: ask him about something in the way of separation to examine his ambition and position; Deliberately irritate him with fierce words to test his bearing and adaptability; Consult him about a certain plan and ask for his opinions to inspect his knowledge; Tell him that a disaster is imminent to test his courage and courage; Use the opportunity of drinking to make him drunk to observe his nature and cultivation; Lure him with interests to investigate whether he is honest; Give him something to do to check whether he is trustworthy and trustworthy.

Analysis: This article discusses the problem of recognizing people. At the beginning of the article, it is pointed out that "it is not difficult to understand human nature." This statement of "desire to admire and restrain first" just shows that being good at understanding people and understanding people is the basic quality that a person must have in order to master. If a general doesn't even have this ability, how can he talk about employing people or leading troops? Not to mention winning the enemy!

The essence of this article is that it not only points out four kinds of people who are different from each other, but also puts forward seven ways to identify them. This is a valuable reference for those who are generals. It will certainly be helpful to study carefully.

Here, the author clearly points out four kinds of people who are different in appearance and appearance, and repeatedly reminds the generals who bear heavy responsibilities to be alert to all kinds of villains, and teaches them the key to seeing people: not only look at the external aspects, but also look at their nature, without being confused by the superficial phenomena. From the perspective of reality, this is really very important. As the saying goes, "It is not easy to know people's" nature ".

Zhuge Liang not only alerted people to four different people, but also proposed seven methods of investigation and identification, which is his brilliance and originality. These seven methods are practical, concrete and practical. Of course, these seven methods are not necessarily applicable in today's society. For example, we should not use the methods of using advantage to attract attraction, and then to investigate people, as well as to intoxicate people and investigate their nature. However, from the basic idea of this method, it is still of great reference value. To know people, we must investigate them in many ways, not only listen to them, but also observe their actions; The investigation should not only be carried out under normal circumstances, but also under special circumstances. In short, we should "know people". Knowing people is the premise of employment, and employment should work hard in this regard.

Extension example: Li Shimin straightens out the administration of officials

Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, was an enlightened emperor with great achievements in Chinese history. Many of his ways of administration were praised and imitated by later generations.

Li Shimin hated the bribery of officials very much, and his method of punishing bribery officials was quite original. General Sun Shunde accepted a gift of silk from others, but it was revealed that Li Shimin rewarded him with dozens of pieces of silk at the court. Many ministers were puzzled and thought that they were promoting greed. However, Li Shimin said, "If he is still shameful, I will give him a silk, which will be more painful than punishment. If he is not ashamed, he is just a beast, and it is useless to kill him." Sure enough, Changsun Shunde was extremely ashamed, and the ministers also felt deeply.

While respecting and valuing meritorious officials, Li Shimin also paid great attention to their governance and never allowed them to take pride in their achievements. Yuchi Jingde has made great contributions to Li's life and death and won the trust of Li Shimin. But he is often overbearing and arrogant. At a banquet, Yuchi Jingde beat up Li Daozong, the king of Rencheng. Li Shimin was very unhappy to see Jingde so presumptuous. Determined to teach him a lesson to show his majesty. He said to Jingde, "I want to share wealth and honor with you, but you are proud of your position. Do you know why Han Xin and Peng Yue were killed in the Han Dynasty? That is not the fault of Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty." Jingde was afraid of this and has greatly restrained himself since then. Li Shimin was an emperor who immediately came to the world, but he deeply understood the law of governing the country.

As one of the rare prosperous times in Chinese history, the "rule of Zhenguan" appeared under Li Shimin by no accident. Li Shimin's insistence on treating people with sincerity and warning people with courtesy is an important reason why he can win the hearts of his subjects.

Nanwu Master Sakyamuni Buddha. Namo Amitabha. There is no Oriental Glazed Medicine Master Buddha in the south.

Nanwu Guanyin Bodhisattva. Nanwudi Tibetan King Bodhisattva. Nanwukong hides Bodhisattva.

Blessed life is limitless. Yuanshi Tianzun. Lingbao senior. The moral supremacy.

Taiyi saved the bitter god. Confucius, the supreme teacher of Dacheng. Jesus Christ. Mohammed.

All Buddhas and Bodhisattvas of the three generations in ten directions.

All immortals in the three realms and ten directions.

All sages at all times and in all countries.

Don't do any evil, and do all good. Persistence and responsiveness.

 智慧宝典：解读《诸葛亮兵法》知人性第三

      识人本性，知人善任，以诚待人，以礼警人，是三军之主帅必须具备的基本素质！

                                 ---诸葛长青

   原文：夫知人之性，莫难察焉。美恶既殊，情貌不一，有温良而为诈者，有外恭而内欺者，有外勇而内怯者，有尽力而不忠者。然知人之道有七焉：一曰间之以是非而观其志，二曰穷之以辞辩而观其变，三曰咨之以计谋而观其识，四曰告之以祸难而观其勇，五曰醉之以酒而观其性，六曰临之以利而观其廉，七曰期之以事而观其信。

  译文：世界上没有比真正地了解一个人的本性还要困难的事情。每个人的善、恶程度不同，本性与外表也是不统一的。有的人外貌温良却行为奸诈，有的人情态恭谦却心怀欺骗，有的人看上去很勇敢而实际上却很怯懦，有的人似乎已竭尽全力但实际上却另有图谋。然而，了解一个人的本性还是有七条办法的：用离间的办法询问他对某事的看法，以考察他的志向、立场；用激烈的言辞故意激怒他，以考察他的气度、应变的能力；就某个计划向他咨询，征求他的意见，以考察他的学识；告诉他大祸临头，以考察他的胆识、勇气；利用喝酒的机会，使他大醉，以观察他的本性、修养；用利益对他进行引诱，以考察他是否清廉；把某件事情交付给他去办，以考察他是否有信用，值得信任。

　　解析：本篇论述识人问题。文章一开头指出：“了解人的本性并不是一件难事。”这种欲仰先抑的说法，恰恰说明，善于认识人，了解人，是为将之人必须具备的基本素质。一员将领如果连这点本领都没有，又何谈用人，何谈带兵？更不用说克敌致胜了！
　　这篇文章的精妙在于，不但指出了四种表里不一的人，更提出了七种识别办法，这对于为将之人，可说是珍贵的参考资料，认真研读，肯定会大有帮助。
　　作者在这里明确指出四种表里不一的人，一再提醒担负重任的将领警惕各种小人，教给他们看人的诀要：不但要看外在方面，更要考察其本性，而不被表面现象迷惑。从现实情况看，这确实是非常重要的，常言道：“知人知面不知心。”可见认识人的“本性”是多么不易。
　　诸葛亮不仅让人警惕四种表里不一的人，还提出了七种考察识别方法，这就是他高明和独到之处。这七种方法都是很实际，很具体，有实用价值。当然，这七种方法在当今社会并不一定都适用，例如，用利去引诱人，从而考察人，以及把人灌醉，考察其本性等方法，我们不应该用。但从这种方法的基本思路看，还是很有参考价值的。认识人必须多方面考察，不仅要听其言，还要观其行；不仅在正常情况下考察，还应在特殊情况下考察，总之，要“知人性”。识人是用人的前提，用人应该在这方面下工夫。
  拓例：李世民清整吏治
　　唐太宗李世民，是我国历史上颇有政绩的一位开明皇帝。他的许多为政之道，为后来者称赞借鉴并仿效。
　　李世民非常厌恶官吏受贿，他处分受贿官吏的方法颇为独到。将军长孙顺德接受了别人的赠绢，事情败露，在朝廷上，李世民却赏赐他几十匹绢。许多大臣不解，以为是在助长贪欲。李世民却说：“如果他尚有廉耻，我赐他绢，那耻辱比受刑还要难受。如果他不知羞愧，不过是禽兽而已，杀也无益。”果然，长孙顺德万分羞愧，众臣也深有感触。
　　在重用和尊敬功臣的同时，李世民还非常注意对他们的统辖，决不允许他们居功自傲。尉迟敬德为李氏江山出生入死，立下了汗马功劳，深得李世民的信任。但他经常盛气凌人，骄纵无比。一次酒宴之上，尉迟敬德竟然殴打任城王李道宗。见敬德如此放肆，李世民十分不悦。决心教训他一下，以示君威。他对敬德说：“朕要与你同享富贵，而你却居官自傲。你可知汉朝韩信、彭越为何被杀？那并不是汉高祖刘邦的过错。”敬德这才害怕，从此大有收敛。李世民是一位马上得来天下皇帝，却深得治国之法。
　　“贞观之治”作为中国历史上少有的繁荣盛世，出现在李世民手下绝非偶然。李世民坚持以诚待人，以礼警人，是他能大得臣民之心的重要原因。

南无本师释迦牟尼佛。南无阿弥陀佛。南无东方琉璃药师佛。
南无观世音菩萨。南无地藏王菩萨。南无虚空藏菩萨。
福生无量天尊。元始天尊。灵宝天尊。道德天尊。

太乙救苦天尊。大成至圣先师孔子。耶稣基督。穆罕默德。
十方三世诸佛菩萨。
三界十方一切神仙。
古今中外一切圣贤。

     诸恶莫作，众善奉行。持之以恒、有求必应。     　

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

Click the article title to view

往期精选文章

点击文章标题查看

1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向