How to be an excellent corporate director?

The word "enterprise" of an enterprise means that people are the foundation of the enterprise and the key to its success. The supervisor is the most important person who plays a key role in the operation and management of the enterprise. What does the supervisor do? The supervisor is engaged in management, is in charge of people and affairs. Managing people is the work of being a person. Educate, cultivate and train the subordinates how to be a useful person for society, enterprises, families and even individuals; Steward is the work of doing things. Set an example, educate, train and train the subordinates how to do their own work well, increase their talents, and make the work continuously improve. How to be a person and how to do things represent the basic mentality, quality, condition and ability of a supervisor. Educate yourself first and do others' work well. First of all, do your own work well, and return to everything else. From the inside out, start with the most basic part of the individual - concept, moral character and motivation. First look at yourself, and pursue personal perfection to achieve the achievements of the department and the company; First keep your promise to yourself, then keep the promise of others; You should treat others as you ask them to treat you, and your prestige and authority will naturally be established.

1、 The role and basic mentality of the supervisor

If a company or department operates well, there must be an excellent director. How much role does the director play in it? According to foreign statistics, the role of the general manager in a successful company accounts for more than 40%. In China, this proportion is probably even larger, because China's market is not standardized, the external environment is not good, and things are more complex. On the contrary, if a company or a department is not operating well, the director will not escape the responsibility, and the proportion of its reaction will account for more than 80%. Dr. Deming (American), a famous management master, said that 82% of the problems in enterprises were caused by management reasons. He said that another 18% could also be found from the management. That is to say, we can find out the reason from the work of the supervisor. Why do you say that? The first thing to look at is whether there are standards and procedures; And whether the standard and procedure are clear and unique in interpretation; Whether the personnel performing this work have been effectively trained, etc. This is all the work that management or supervisor should do. More importantly, it depends on the moral character, behavior and interpersonal relationship of the supervisor. If your subordinate goes to work in the morning, you will scold him for no reason. He is angry, and of course he is not in the mood to do the work. There is more possibility of making mistakes, which is 18% of the reason. The supervisor is engaged in management. Management is to design, create and maintain a good environment in which people can efficiently complete the set objectives. The quality of the management environment directly affects the modernization of the management practices of a company or department. The management environment is like a big umbrella shaped by the thought and behavior of senior executives in a company or department. This big umbrella covers the behavior of middle-level and grass-roots cadres and employees. For example, if the umbrella is well done, it can't be caught in the rain, and when the sun comes out, it is cool, so the subordinates have the energy to do their work; If the umbrella is broken, the sun is out and the rain is in a mess, how can the cadres and employees at the grass-roots level be in the mood to do things? If the management environment is not good, people affected by the environment will not have enthusiasm and work will not be efficient. A supervisor should create a good management environment, including the following aspects:

1. Life goal

If the supervisor has a very ambitious life goal and unlimited pursuit of achievement, and works under this person, your environment will be very good. If we work under another supervisor, he said why should we take risks? Why seek benefits for others? Why work hard? We have too much money to eat. How can we have a good future when we work under the leadership of "muddle along"? It is impossible, so "good birds should choose trees to live in". Life goal is a big driving force. Take any excellent company as an example. The people below should find ways to achieve the company's arrangement. If the method on the left doesn't work, find the method on the right. If the method on the front doesn't work, find the method on the back. Eighty-four thousand Buddhist dharma, all of which should be considered. You can't say "no" or "difficult" casually. You can never do anything without difficulty.

2. Human nature

It refers to the view of senior personnel that human nature is "good" or "bad".

The debate about "good nature" and "evil nature" has been going on for a long time in Chinese history, from Mencius' assertion of "good nature" and Xunzi's assertion of "evil nature" to the present. Westerners also have the theory of "good nature" and "evil nature", Y theory (Theory Y) advocates "good nature", X theory (Theory X) Advocate sexual evil. If you think of people as bad people, your subordinates are all bad people. If you want him to do good things, you have to keep a close eye on them, so that he can't play a little freedom, so he won't do bad things. But there are fewer opportunities to do good. If high-level personnel treat human nature as good, they will trust their subordinates, train talents, establish systems, and authorize management.

When you command 50 people, you don't trust others. It's OK to press yourself to mark people. However, you are tired of staring at 50 people alone. If the company grows to one hundred and two hundred people, and you look at them as bad people one by one, the business will become two phenomena: first, the business will continue to grow and make money, but you will be tired to death as a supervisor. Accelerate depreciation and die quickly. When you die, your career will collapse. Second, your career will be in chaos because you don't have three heads and six arms. Even if you have forty-eight hours a day, there are too many things to do. You can't manage and don't use your subordinates' collective wisdom to do things. You have not done what the Chinese say is "to make three thousand good".

The Monkey King has a strong ability to protect Tang Sanzang from going to the West to learn lessons. Every time he encounters too many monsters and ghosts, he can't cope with them alone. He pulls out a monkey hair and blows with his breath, and becomes three thousand little Monkey King to deal with many opponents. However, Sun Wukong can make seventy-two changes and make three thousand yuan, but he can't escape the double five finger mountains of corporate management of "selling products and making people rich" and "planning and organizing accusations". Therefore, in order to manage enterprises effectively, a company can manage 3000 enterprises with its system. Because you are not using one person, you are using people, training employees, and improving 3000. It is not enough to have people alone, but also to have systems. The same is true for the group enterprises in charge of 3000 companies in terms of training talents and establishing systems.

To improve the enterprise management system is to build a "management" highway. The road signs on the highway are clear, the drivers are well trained in the test, and are polite. They drive 100, 200, and 10000 vehicles on the highway without a policeman, which saves a lot of costs. If the managed road is not well managed, the driver is not well trained, and the road turns around, people walk around, and ten cars will send one policeman, and one hundred cars will send ten policemen. The more police, the slower the car moves. The purpose of trusting subordinates, utilizing management, cultivating talents and improving the quality of the staff is here. You should regard people as good people. Although people are sometimes bad, not all people are lazy, corrupt and shirk responsibility at all times, places and places. So we should encourage our subordinates, challenge them, give them goals and reward them. Human nature is the opposite of water nature. Human nature climbs up and water nature flows down. You should be frank and follow human nature, and you will get an effective way to do things. Enterprise management is to find out the nature and nature of subordinates, which is the most natural and undisguised part. If a person is born beautiful, he is beautiful without painting. Enterprise management should achieve "light makeup is always appropriate", not only the packaging (external beauty) is better, but also the internal beauty (quality) is better, so the company can operate in good order.

3. Time concept

Do you think time is about the past or the future? If you attach importance to the past, you are a "nostalgic" person; If you value the future, you are the person who "looks forward to the future". Those who look forward to the future have vision, while those who yearn for the past are conservative. Excellent supervisors should implement "futurism", solve today's problems today, never leave them until tomorrow, time is also a resource, and we should make good use of and cherish it. ceo

4. Concept of change

Everything in the world is changing, and only one thing remains the same, that is, "change". Change is eternal. Change itself is the spice of life. Society is changing, environment is changing, ideas and behaviors are changing. The supervisor must face up to and keep up with this change, so as to find problems and solve them in a timely manner. A supervisor who welcomes change and faces it squarely will constantly find new problems, solve new problems, and lead the company and departments forward.

5. System philosophy

Whether to look at the problem from the overall, comprehensive and systematic point of view, or from the local, one-sided and personal point of view. See only a little, eyes like beans; People who look at everything and consider problems from the perspective of the whole company, the whole country and society have a broad vision and advanced management philosophy. In addition, when doing things, we should focus on the goal, and use a hundred and eighty thousand means. All roads lead to Rome.

6. Outlook on knowledge

Learning is like sailing against the current. If you don't advance, you will retreat. You should live to learn. The company has formed a learning atmosphere. The supervisor should take the lead in learning and enhance the employees' thirst for knowledge. There are many ways to learn. First, read more books. Now there is a revolutionary wave of learning in the world. You must study hard if you want to make progress. After learning, we should implement it in our work. Confucius said, "It's not a bad thing to learn while learning!" After learning, we should have the experience, and then do it according to it. It is naturally very happy to have the experience.

7. Work concept

Treat work as a career or a burden. People who regard work as a career have a positive attitude. The more they work, the more interested and happy they are, the more relaxed they are; People who regard work as a burden have a negative attitude. They can't move their hands and feet before work is done, and feel tired without work. Good supervisor, just ask me what I do for the company, not what the company does for me. For the benefit of the country, the people and the company, there are three benefits, only personal benefits.

8. Outlook on life

The philosophy of a successful supervisor should be the humble philosophy of Laozi. Lao Tzu has three treasures in his life: "kindness, thrift, and dare not be the first in the world". The supervisor should be gentle, lenient, honest in dealing with people and things, and advocate "do not do to others what you don't want". The revitalization of the cause depends on sweat, diligence and thrift, and is accumulated over time; It is to cherish every day's life. No matter how much money should be spent, it will not hurt. The supervisor and the employee share life and death and hardship. It is good for employees to take responsibility first.

The mentality that the supervisor should have: be loyal to the company, work together with the company, the company will prosper and the company will decline; Don't do evil because it is small, and don't do good because it is small; Have a sense of achievement to constantly improve and realize oneself; Have a sense of mission and responsibility to prosper the cause, and selflessly contribute love; Keep learning and improving, never ending; Be caring, sincere, enthusiastic, modest, caring and careful; Be strict with yourself and set an example; With Bole's insight, he is good at selecting, cultivating, using and retaining talents; Have management control, coordination ability and professional knowledge; To treat subordinates as brothers, the credit for achievements lies with the subordinates, and the responsibility for failure lies with the supervisors; Have the spirit of entrepreneurship, innovation, dedication, struggle and cooperation; Be modest and dare to pawn paving stones for subordinates; Be indomitable, climb the peak bravely, and never stop until reaching the goal; Stress efficiency and efficiency; New to work and love life; Be an enterprise and independent person; Have a healthy mind and constitution; Create a harmonious and good working environment; Unity and coordination between departments.

II. Roles and Responsibilities of Supervisors

　　A supervisor is a person who is responsible for the resources and results under his or her control during his or her term of office. There are seven kinds of resources: people, money, material, machine, technology, trust, and time. People are the first, which means that as a supervisor, you must first use good people, manage your ministry well, give full play to the motivation of each person, create a good environment for them, and let them work here comfortably and at ease. Can manage money, can use money to make money; can make full use of materials, plants, land, machinery and equipment, turn these dead things into living. Now is the era of rapid progress in science and technology, the information age, these are valuable resources. The only time in the world is no longer coming, live to 40 years old, before 40 years old will never come, so time is also a resource, to cherish. Use these resources to achieve the greatest output results, including profit growth, turnover growth, asset appreciation, market share, company image, employee ministry growth, etc.

　　If you can lead a department with the least input and the most output, you are an excellent supervisor. The goal of the supervisor: to be the first in the world

　　The relationship between supervisors and their subordinates is based on four major practices: being a king, being a relative, being a teacher, and being a friend. As a supervisor, leading a group of ordinary people, to complete the extraordinary cause, to point the direction; as a supervisor to care, love and help employees like relatives, to create a large family environment to enable employees to grow; supervisor also like a teacher, to tell the ministry to behave, do things, to motivate employees to the right path; but also like a friend, heart to heart, and employees to befriend, to become a close friend.

　　The responsibilities of the director.

　　There are big and small supervisors, from general managers to ministers, section chiefs, team leaders. The main responsibility of the senior director is to set the direction, formulate the company's business plan and basic policies and guidelines; select and train outstanding talents; supervise and control the development of the company's departments and middle and senior directors. The main responsibility of the middle-level supervisor is to complete the work under the guidance of the company's policies, guidelines and objectives; to supervise and control the improvement of the management process. Lower-level supervisors are engaged in specific management work, providing guidance and services to personnel in various processes; achieving the standards required by the process; documenting the completion of various processes; and checking the perfection of the work of their personnel. Effective management depends on effective and perfect guidance, everything can be used to think, organized, systematic and orderly, to achieve everything there are rules to follow, someone is responsible, there is data to check, there is a quasi-control, then achieve the scientific management. No matter which level of supervisor, are engaged in four major work, that is, the PDCA cycle (P - plan, D - implementation, C - check, A - re-action) everyone is working PDCA, each management process is PDCA, there are plans, implementation, check Problems are found, corrected and then acted upon, so that the company and the department will rise to a new level.

　　The greatest job in the world is to sell people in their lifetime, children cry for milk is marketing, in order to work to recommend themselves is marketing, presidential elections to canvass votes is marketing, the director is also in marketing, but the product is to sell the "concept", that is, the business philosophy, business ideas. The purpose of selling these ideas and thoughts to the ministry is to put the things in your brain (ideas) into other people's brains, and to stimulate the things in other people's bodies (brain power, physical strength) to put into work to achieve the company's or department's goals. If a supervisor knows how to sell, justified, he will not "have the will to reach out, not meet the talent", because every company in this world is thirsty for talent, but many of us have not really learned how to sell appropriately.

　　Three. Excellent supervisor should have the quality and conditions

　　We all understand that the quality and level of the supervisor is the key to the success or failure of a business. Therefore, you want to run the business well, you want to lead a good group of people under you, first of all, you must arm yourself. Excellent supervisor has five conditions, summarized in five words, namely, morality, talent, learning, precision and strength.

. Virtue first

　　Virtue, that is, character, which is an excellent director of the necessary first condition, "virtue" for the success of the root, virtue success tells us that the only way to cultivate their own virtue, in order to get the real success and constant happiness. How to be considered virtuous, ancient governance emphasizes loyalty and filial piety, loyalty tells us that a person's heart should be in the middle, born as a Chinese should be loyal to the Chinese nation; stored in the company, we should be loyal to the company, dedication to the company, the company Xing I rise, the company failure I decline. Filial piety, in a narrow sense, is filial respect for one's parents and elders, how to do it? Do your best for filial piety, it does not necessarily depend on how much money or stuff you give. The ancients said, "filial piety is the first of all good, look at the heart not the signs, look at the signs of the poor family no filial son; all evil is the first, look at the signs not the heart, look at the heart of the world no good people." Good and bad are clearly distinguished.

 如何做一名优秀的企业主管？

  企业之‘企’字，人为天，止为地，说明人是企业之本，是企业成功之关键。对企业经营管理起关键作用的人，主管为重。主管是干什么的？主管是从事管理工作的，是管人、管事的。管人就是做人的工作，教育、培养、训练部属如何做一名对社会、对企业、对家庭乃至对个人有用的人；管事就是做事的工作，以身作则，教育、培养、训练部属如何做好本职工作，增长才干，使工作不断改进。如何做人、如何做事，代表一名主管的基本心态、素质、条件与能力。育人先育己，要做好别人的工作，首先要做好自己的工作，返求诸已，由内而外，由个人最基本的部分——观念、品德与动机做起，先审视自我，追求个人的完美才能有部门、公司的成就；先信守对自己的承诺，才能信守他人的承诺；你要求别人如何待己，你就如何待人，你的威信、权威自然树立。

　　一、主管的作用与基本心态

　　一家公司、一个部门，如果经营得好，一定有一名优秀的主管，主管在里面的作用有多大？据国外统计，一家成功的公司，总经理的作用占40%以上。在中国，这个比例恐怕还要大，因为中国的市场还不规范，外部环境还不太好，事情更复杂。反之，一家公司或一个部门经营的不好，主管罪责难逃，其反作用的比例要占80%以上。著名的管理大师戴明（美国人）博士说，企业中的问题有82%是由于管理原因造成的。他说还有18%也差不多可以从管理上找出原因来。也就是说可以从主管人员的工作上找出原因来。为什么这么讲呢？一项工作首先看有没有制定标准、程序；并且这个标准、程序是不是清晰的，且解释唯一；对执行这项工作的人员是否进行了有效的培训等等。这都是管理上或主管应做的工作。再多一点讲，还要看主管的品德、行为、人际关系处理等等。如果你的部属早晨一上班，你就无缘无故训斥他，他一肚子气，做工作当然没情绪，出差错的可能性就会多，这是18%的原因。主管是从事管理工作的，管理就是设计、创造和保持一种良好的环境，使人在这个环境中高效率地完成既定目标。管理环境的好坏直接影响到一个公司、一个部门的管理实务现代化的好坏程度。管理环境好比一个公司、一个部门里高层主管人员思想行为所塑造起来的大雨伞，这个大雨伞盖着中基层干部员工的行为，如雨伞做的好，下雨淋不着，太阳出来他遮住，很凉爽，部属做工作就有劲头；如雨伞破破烂烂，太阳出来晒得一塌糊涂，下雨天淋得一塌糊涂，底下的中基层干部、员工哪有心情做事情？管理环境不好，受环境影响的人就不会有积极性，工作就没有效率。做主管的应创造一种良好的管理环境，包括以下几个方面：

　　1.人生目标

　　如果主管人员人生目标很远大，有无限成就的追求，在这个人底下做事情，你的环境就很好。若在另一个主管下做事，他说我们为什么要去冒险？为什么为别人去谋福利？为什么要去努力工作？我们的钱已经多得吃不完，在那种“得过且过”的领导下做事，怎么会有好的发展前途？绝不可能有，所以“良禽应择木而栖”。人生目标是个大驱动力。拿任一优秀公司作例子，公司安排的事情，底下的人要想办法达成。左边的方法不行，就找右边的方法，前面的方法不行，就找后面的方法。佛法八万四千个，都要去想。不可以随便说“不会”、“困难”，不会困难永远做不了事。

　　2.人性看法

　　指高阶人员把人性当成“好”或“坏”的看法。

　　性善“及”性恶“的辩论在中国历史上已经很久了，从孟子主张性善、荀子主张性恶到现在。洋人也有性善说、性恶说，Y理论（Theory-Y）主张性善，X理论（Theory-X）主张性恶。如果把人看成坏人，部下都是坏人，要让他做好事，只好紧逼盯人，逼得很紧，让他不能发挥一点自由度，才不会做坏事。但做好事的机会也少了。假使高阶人员把人性当善性看待，他会相信部下，训练人才，订立制度，授权管理。

　　当你统帅50人时，不相信别人，自己紧逼盯人还可以，不过你一个人盯50个人已经很累了，如果公司成长到一百个二百个人，你再这样把他们当坏人一个一个盯，这个事业一定会变成两种现象：第一，这个事业继续成长赚钱，但是你作为主管就快要累死了，加速折旧，死得快。等你死了，事业也垮了。第二，你的事业会天下大乱，因为你没有三头六臂。即使你一天有四十八小时，事情也是多得做不完，耽搁再耽搁。你不会管理，没有利用部属的群策群力去做事。你没有做到象中国人讲的“善化三千”。

　　孙悟空本领高强，保护唐三藏千辛万苦去西方取经，每碰到太多妖魔鬼怪，自己一个人应付不来，就拔一根猴毛，用气一吹，就变成三千个小孙悟空来对付众多的对手。但孙悟空能七十二变，化三千，也逃不过如来佛“销产发人财”及“计组用指控”的企业管理双重五指山。所以有效经营企业，一家公司管得好，用其制度可以经营三千家。因为你不是用一个人，你是用众人，培训员工，善化三千也。光有人还不行，还要有制度。训练人才、订立制度，你管三千家公司的集团企业也一样。

　　把企业管理制度搞好，就是盖了一条“管理”的高速公路。高速公路上路标清楚，司机考试训练好，有礼貌，在公路上开100辆、200辆、10000辆车，都不用一个警察，成本节省很多。如果管理的公路没有弄好，司机没有训练好，路小小的弯来弯去，人走来走去，走十部车就要派一个警察，一百部车就要派十个警察。警察越多，车子走得越慢。信任部下、利用管理、培养人才、善化三千的目的就在这里。你要把人看成好人，虽然人有时不好，但不是所有时间、所有地点、所有人都是偷懒、贪污、推卸责任的。所以要给部下鼓励，给他挑战、给他目标、给他奖励。人性与水性相反，人性往上爬，水性往下流。你要率性而行，循着人性往上走，你就得到了做事情的有效方法，“率性即为道”，你要把“道”（方法）告诉你的部下。企业经营管理就是要找出部下的天性、本性，那是最自然而没有掩饰的部分。一个人若天生丽质，不用涂粉也漂亮。企业经营要做到“淡妆浓抹总相宜”，不光包装（外在美）要好，内在美（品质）也要好，公司就可以经营得井井有条。

　　3.时间观念

　　你看时间，是重视过去，还是重视未来？若重视过去，你是“留恋过去”的人；若重视未来，你是“瞻望未来”的人。瞻望未来的人有眼光，留恋过去的人是保守的。优秀主管要推行“未来主义”，今天的问题今天解决，绝不留到明天，时间也是资源，要很好地利用、珍惜。 ceo

4.变化观

　　天下什么事情都在变，只有一事不变，就是“变”，变化是永远存在的。变化本身是人生的调味品。社会在变，环境在变，观念、行为都在变。作主管的必须正视、跟上这种变化，做到发现问题及时解决。一个欢迎变化、正视变化的主管人员会不断发现新问题、解决新问题，带领公司、部门向前走。

　　5.系统哲学

　　看问题是从整体、全面、系统看，还是从局部、片面、个人的角度看。只看到一点，眼光如豆；看全面的人，从整个公司、整个国家、社会的角度考虑问题的人，眼光远大，有先进的管理哲学。此外，做事情要盯住目标，手段十万八千，条条道路通罗马。

　　6.求知观

　　学如逆水行舟，不进则退，要活到老，学到老。公司上下形成学习的氛围，主管首先要带头学习，增强员工的求知欲。学习的方法很多，首先应多读书。现在全世界都掀起一股学习的革命浪潮，你要进步，必须努力学习。学习有了心得之后，还要落实在工作上，孔子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎！”学了以后有了心得，然后按照去做，有了收获心得自然很愉快。

　　7.工作观

　　把工作当作事业，还是把工作当作负担。把工作当作事业的人，有积极的心态，越工作越有兴趣快乐，越轻松；把工作当作负担的人，是消极的心态，工作还没做，手脚就不能动，没工作就感到累。好的主管，只问我为公司作什么，不问公司为我作什么。利国、利民、利公司，有三利，才有个人利。

　　8.做人观

　　成功的主管做人的哲学应是谦逊的老子哲学。老子为人有三宝：“一曰慈，二曰俭，三曰不敢为天下先”。主管人员应谨守慈柔，宽以待人，处人处事以诚相见，主张“己所不欲，勿施于人”。事业振兴，靠的是汗水，是勤俭，是日积月累；是对每一天生活的珍惜，该花的钱再多也不心痛，不该花的钱一分也不行。主管与员工，同生死，共患难。有好处，员工先，有责任，自己担。

　　主管应具备的心态：对公司忠诚，与公司同舟共济，公司兴我兴，公司衰我衰；勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为；有不断完善自我、实现自我的成就感；有繁荣事业的使命感、责任感，把爱无私奉献；不断学习，不断提高，永无止境；有爱心、诚心、热心、虚心、关心、细心；严以律己，以身作则；有伯乐慧眼，善于选拔、培养、使用、留住人才；具备管理控制、协调能力，专业知识；待部属如兄弟，成绩之功在部属，失败之责在主管；有创业、创新、敬业、奋斗、合作精神；虚怀若谷，敢于为下属当铺路石；百折不挠，勇攀高峰，不达目的，誓不罢休；讲求效率与效益；全新投入工作，热爱生活；做企业人、自主人；有健康的心灵与体质；创造和谐、良好的工作环境；部门之间团结、协调一致。   

二。主管的角色与职责

　　主管，即任期内对掌管的资源与成果负责之人。资源有七种：人、财、物、机、技、信、时。人是第一位的，说明作为一名主管，首先要用好人，管理好你的部属，发挥每个人的能动性，给他们创造一种好的环境，让他们舒心、安心地在这里工作。会理财，能用钱生钱；能充分利用物料、厂房、土地、机器设备，把这些死的东西变成活的。现在是科学技术突飞猛进的时代，是信息时代，这些都是可贵的资源。世上唯有时间不再来，活到40岁，40岁以前再也不会来，所以时间也是资源，要珍惜。用这些资源投入，实现最大的产出成果，包括利润增长、营业额增长、资产增值、市场占有率、公司形象、员工部属成长等等。

　　你能领导一个部门，投入最小产出最多，就是一名优秀的主管。主管的目标：做世界第一

　　主管和部属的关系，四大作法：作之君、作之亲、作之师、作之友。作为主管，统领一群平凡的人，完成非凡的事业，要把方向指正；作主管的要象亲人一样关心、爱护、帮助员工，创造一个使员工得以成长的大家庭环境；主管还要象老师一样，告诉部属做人、做事的道理，激励员工走向正途；还要象朋友一样，推心置腹，与员工交心，成为员工的知心朋友。

　　主管的职责：

　　主管有大有小，从总经理到部长、科长，班组长。高级主管的主要职责是定方向，拟订公司经营计划与基本政策、方针；选派、培养优秀人才；对公司部门及中高层主管的发展实施监督、控制。中级主管的主要职责是在公司政策、方针、目标指导下，完成份内工作；督导、控制所属管理过程之完善。低级主管从事具体的管理工作，对各项过程的人员提供指导和服务；达成过程所要求的标准；记录完成各项过程；检查所属人员工作之完善。有效的管理要靠有效、完善的指导，凡事能够运用思考，条理分明，系统有序，达到凡事有章可循，有人负责，有据可查，有准控制，就实现了科学的管理。无论哪一级主管，都从事四大工作，即PDCA循环（P—计划，D—执行，C—检查，A—再行动）每个人都在作PDCA工作，每一管理过程都是PDCA，有计划、有执行，检查发现了问题，修正后再行动，这样公司、部门就会登上一个新台阶。

　　世界上最伟大的工作是推销人一生下来就在推销，小孩为了吃奶而哭是推销，为了工作推荐自己是推销，总统选举拉选票是推销，主管也是在推销，只不过推销的产品是“理念”，即企业的经营理念、经营思想。把这些理念、思想推销给部属，目的是将你脑中的东西（理念）放进他人脑中，将他人身体中的东西（脑力、体力）激发出来，投入工作中去，用以达成公司或部门的目标。一个主管如果知道怎么推销，有理说得清，他必定不会“有志难伸，怀才不遇”，因为这个世界上每一个公司都求才若渴，只是我们很多人还没有真正学会如何恰如其分地去推销。

　　三。优秀主管应具备的素质与条件

　　我们都了解，主管的素质与水平是一个企业成功与失败的关键所在。因此，你要经营好这个企业，你要带好手下一批人，首先必须武装自己。优秀主管有五项条件，用五个字来概括，即德、才、学、精、力。

.品德第一

　　德，即品德，这是一名优秀主管必备的第一条件，“品德”为成功之本，品德成功告诉我们，唯有修养自己具备品德，才能得到真正的成功与恒久的快乐。怎样才算有品德，古代治国强调忠孝，忠告诉我们一个人的心要放在中间，生为中国人就要忠于中华民族；存于本公司，就要忠于本公司，献身于公司，公司兴我兴，公司衰我衰。孝，狭义讲是孝敬自己的父母、长辈，怎样做呢？尽心尽力为孝，并不一定看给钱、给东西多少。古人讲，“百善孝为先，看心不看迹，看迹穷家无孝子；万恶淫为首，看迹不看心，看心天下无好人。”好坏分得一清二楚。

　　孝敬自己的父母为小孝，孝敬妻子或丈夫的父母、长辈为中孝，品德高尚的人实行的是大孝，孝天下父母、老人，爱天下人。

　　不孝敬父母、老人，很难想像会对公司、社会有大的贡献。“仁、义、礼、智、信”是儒家思想提出的做人的道德准则。仁是道德的最高准则，何为仁，最简单的理解就是“爱人”，即对人的尊重和有同情心。

　　“仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人”，告诉我们，自己要在社会、公司取得自立，在事业上顺畅通达，也要帮助别人，帮助你的部属做到。孔子告诉我们“为政以德”，做高级主管的先用严格的道德标准要求自己，以身作则，通过道德感化搞好关系，做好工作。义，主持公道，甘于为部属承担风险、责任或牺牲自己的利益。礼，遵纪守法，言行举止合乎企业的要求；智，智慧，知识、学问了解后要日日去行去做为智；信，讲信用，说到做到，说话算数，一言即出，驷马难追。主管为人处事，一定要公平、公正、公开，选人用人唯德唯才。一个人不能忠于职务，亲其亲，师其师，友其友，绝对不是道德完善的人。

　　2.才能第二

　　主管的才能体现在管理上，即体现在执行管理职能：计划、组织、用人、指导、控制的能力上。

　　A.好的开始是成功的一半，计划能力是主管的首要能力。计划就是指从我们现在所处的位置到达将来预期的目标之间架起的一座桥梁。因此，计划不仅仅指引进新事物，也指合乎情理和行之有效的措施。有了计划，就把不能成为现实的事物变成现实。作为主管，就要通过你的远见卓识，你的洞察力、远视力、敏感力、想象力和果断力，通过明确的目标、方向和结果，使大家注意力集中，精诚团结，保持旺盛的斗志，来创造光辉的前景。

　　B.组织能力组织能力体现在创造一种促使员工部属顺利达成任务的环境，它是为了达到目的的一种管理手段，要想使组织结构适应各种情况，面临各种难题，不仅要确定必须完成的工作，建立合理的组织结构，而且要规定其职责和各部门之间相协调的关系，还要物色合格的人选。

　　C.用人至重用人之道，乃事业取胜之根本。汉高祖刘邦因为用了张良、萧何、韩信，所以得天下，而项羽疑心太重，连一个范增都不能用，所以失掉了天下。人才是最宝贵的资源，有了人才，能用人，便可化无为有，化少为多，化小为大，使资金、原料、设备、技术等资源无形增值。选人之道：适才适所，因职求人，因事寻良才；用人之道，知人善任，曾子说“用师者王，用友者霸，用徒者亡。”水至清则无鱼，企业用人乃用人之长，避人之短。育人之道，十年树木，百年树人，终身训练，魔鬼训练；安人之道，在希望，在环境；地薄者大物不产，水浅者大鱼不游，树秃者大禽不栖，林疏者大兽不居。

　　D.天天指导指导即指挥领导。指挥是主管在后面，部属在前面，是言教，用嘴讲，需要鼓励、激励、支持；领导是主管在前面，做给部属看，是身教。作主管首先是身教，让部属服你，然后再言教。指导工作需要主管与部属之间充分的沟通，达成默契。主管人员还需把企业目标与员工、部属个人的目标协调一致起来，则工作就有效果和效率。 ceo.icxo

E控制，控制工作是衡量和纠正下属人员的各种活动，从而保证事态的发展符合计划的要求。下属做得好不好，看成果，赏罚也是看成果，要以胜败论英雄。通过记录，通过信息反馈，通过比较分析，检讨工作中的失误，检查是人的原因、机器的原因还是其他原因，然后采取纠正、预防措施。

　　3.学问第三

　　学是学问，不是学历，上了多少年学，有没有学士、硕士学位与学问没有绝对的关系。

　　论语讲：“事父母，能竭其力；事君能致其身；与朋友交，言而有信，虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。”告诉我们评价学问高低看行为，看结果。学问的增长一靠学，二靠问，学得多，问得多，学问就会增多，能力就会增强，工作就会做好。作为主管你不学、不问，工作最多停留在原来水平上，学如逆水行舟，不进则退，进步缓慢也是退，就是落伍。增长学问的办法有四万之多：读万卷书，行万里路，交万个友，做万件事。第一个万是读，读万卷书，花最短的时间去读最多的书，以知道新生事物，增长管理知识，读书要避免读无用的书，我们从现在开始先选几本有用的书，确定时间把它读完，然后写出读书心得，这样一步步就有了提高。第二个万是行，行万里路。因仅仅在家里读书，不去外面看，不知道所读东西的真假，记忆也不深刻。古语说得好，百闻不如一见，用眼睛看见真实发生的东西，体会最深。第三个万是交，交万个友。听君一席话，胜读十年书，这个君是老师，是朋友，是知己。增长学问的办法通过朋友间的交流座谈，收获最大，因为朋友间谈的都是相互关心的问题，只要有一点特殊之处，一听就懂，受用无穷。第四个万是做，做万件事，学问要落实在行动上。有了学问知识，然后亲身去经历体验，收获就会更大。所以孔子说：“学而时习之，不亦说乎。”理论和实践结合起来，对上号，百思不得其解的问题，突然通过实践体验出来，心中自然无比高兴。

　　4.精神第四

　　做主管的必须具有三种精神，即敬业精神、创新精神和合作精神。这也是企业家的精神。企业家不一定是总经理或厂长，只要有这种精神的人就是企业家。敬业精神，有积极的心态，热爱事业，爱厂如家，把工作当成事业来做，只问我为公司做什么，不问公司为我做什么。创新精神，永不满足，力争上游。创新包括五个方面：产品创新、工艺创新、原材料和半成品创新、市场创新、组织管理创新。合作精神，管理是发挥群体、群智的力量，主管是团结一群平凡的人，完成不平凡的事业。

　　5.身体健康是本钱

　　主管都是优秀人才，优秀人才应该生命长久。锻炼身体就会身体健康。王永庆80多岁，每天坚持跑步，只要王永庆在跑，台塑的股票就不会跌。体力的增进，对日常活动，更可应付自如，再也不会忙起来就精神不济，或是疲倦的无法工作，运动还能培养毅力，增加信心。生命在于运动，运动才能长寿，工作本身就是运动。所以我的老师陈定国博士告诉我们一个保持健康体魄的办法，就是忙。他说一忙可以除三害。忙得没有时间生病——健康忙得没有时间花钱——有钱忙得没有时间议论别人——好人三害除去了，也就达到我们个人所追求的目标，有名、有利，又有健康的体质。

　　四。从我做起，从小做起

　　企业存亡完全操纵在自己手中，昨天以前的事情成败都可以看作是运气，但是从现在以后，就绝对不能存在靠运气的想法。企业生命在产品，产品生命在品质，有好的品质，产品才会有生命力，产品的品质好，取决于做事的品质，事都是人做的，所以最终的源是人的品质，人的品质是一切的根本。在我们这个企业里，如何使全体人员能够发挥所学、发挥所长是最重要的。人的品质里，主管的品质最重要，所以又可以讲，企业操纵在主管手里。要做好一名主管，要做好一个企业，就必须以身作则，从自身做起，从现在做起，从点点滴滴的小事做起，扎扎实实，日积月累，卖力苦干。

　　如果不是这样，而只是动一些歪脑筋，在外面挖墙角，到头来吃亏的仍然是自己。一个人如果比你能干，比你会做生意，比你会管理，他绝对不会替你卖力。所以要管理好别人，首先要管好自己，然后再管人，这样才会有人才可用，人才才会积聚。千里之行，始于足下，万丈高楼乃一砖一瓦垒叠而成，大事必须由点滴的小事集成。“天下大事必做于细”，“天下难事必做于易”，这是老子的名言。我们今后做事情，先从“点”开始，先把“点”完善了，点完善了“线”跟“面”就简单了，整个企业就完善了！

　　社会、企业是一所大学校，如果我们想把工作做到完美，我们就会发现，我们的知识、能力是远远不够的，唯有继续努力，不断学习，在错误中汲取经验，在失败中总结教训，对企业的发展、兴盛怀有一份使命感，依靠全体主管的努力，团结所有员工，我们就会创造出美好的明天。