Five of the five famous mountains in China: Mount Song (picture)

中国五岳名山之五：中岳嵩山（图）

Five of the five famous mountains in China, Song Mountain is called "Foreign", "Noble" in the Xia and Shang Dynasties, and Song Mountain in the Five Dynasties------ Zhuge Changqing

The five mountains in China are Mount Tai in the east, Mount Hua in the west, Mount Heng in the south, Mount Heng in the north and Mount Song in the middle.

The head of the five mountains is Mount Tai, the main peak of which is Yuhuangding; The top of precipitous mountains is Mount Hua, the main peak is Mount Taihua;

The peak of the peaks is Mount Hengshan in the north, and the main peak is Xuanwu Peak; Song Mountain, the famous mountain in the Central Plains, and Yuzhai Mountain, the main peak;

The five mountains stand out in the south, Mount Heng, and the main peak, Zhurong Peak.

"Five Mountains" is the general name of China's five famous mountains. That is, Mount Tai in the east, Mount Hua in the west, Mount Heng in the north, Mount Song in the middle and Mount Heng in the south. They are the place where the feudal emperors worshipped and worshipped for their majestic achievements in heaven. They are also the symbol of the feudal emperors being ordered by heaven to dominate the Central Plains.

Zhuge Changqing: Mount Song is located in the middle of heaven and earth, so it is designated as the middle mountain.

In terms of landscape, the five mountains have their own characteristics: Mount Tai, Mount Heng, Mount Hua, Mount Heng and Mount Song.

Mount Song belongs to the Funiu Mountains, and its main body is in Dengfeng County today. It is adjacent to Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, to the east and Luoyang, the ancient capital of the nine dynasties, to the west. Mount Song was known as the Outer Fangshan in ancient times. After King Ping of Zhou moved to Luoyang eastward, he took Zuodai (Mount Tai) and Youhua (Mount Hua). Mount Song is located in the middle of the sky and earth, so Mount Song was named the middle mountain.

In the first year (695) of Wu Zetian's Heavenly Book, when Mount Song was sealed, the Zhongyue was changed to the Shenyue.

After the Northern Song Dynasty, it was also called the Zhongyue Song Mountain. Songshan Mountain is mainly composed of the Taishi Mountain and the Shaoshi Mountain. The mountain lies horizontally from the east to the west and winds for 70 kilometers. Therefore, it is said that "Huashan Mountain is like a standing mountain and the Zhongyue Mountain is like a sleeping mountain". The top of Mount Song is called Junji, with an altitude of 1512 meters. In ancient times, it was said that "Songgao Junji" and "Junji is above the sky". Standing on the top of the peak, you can see the majesty of the Yellow River in the north and the beauty of the mountains and rivers in the south.

Shaoshi Mountain scenery is famous for its strange peaks, dangerous roads, strange rocks and beautiful scenery. The peaks in the mountains are colorful and varied, some are rising from the ground, some are winding, some are like tigers squatting, some are like lions dancing, some are like dragons sleeping, some are like turtles crawling, the peaks are uneven, the canyons are vertical and horizontal, the three thousand meters plank path shuttles through the mountainside, the mountain path is curved, like a ribbon winding in the mountains. Looking from the south and north of the mountain, a group of peaks, overlapping each other, look like a thousand leaves of lotus. Since the Tang Dynasty, there has been a saying that "the young family is like a lotus", because it is called "Jiuding Lotus Mountain".

To the south of Shaoshi Mountain, the mountain looks like the Zhongjing crown worn by the ancients, so it is also known as "Guanzi Mountain" in the Song Dynasty. The mountain peaks on the east side of Shaoshi Mountain are scattered. People call it "pomegranate mouth" according to their mountain posture. Standing in the south of Shaolin Temple, Shaoshi Mountain looks like a screen. There are five small peaks under the peak from west to east. People call them chess, drum, sword, seal and bell according to their shape. On the west side of Jianfeng, there is a huge stone like cutting. When the rain is over and the sky is clear, it looks bright and clean, like snow. Looking at the distance, it is fascinating and is called "sunny snow in the young room". There is a winding canyon on the east side of the Shaoshi, named "Yuhuang Valley". The east entrance is called the "suction tuyere". The gorge is narrow and the valley is deep. When people walk through it, they can feel the wind and the air, which is daunting. The west entrance is called Xiaozhaikou, which leads directly to the east Tianmen of the mountain top. There is a Dongmen trench under the East Tianmen, which is locally called "Xiangtan Ditch".

The walls of Xiangtan Ditch are as sharp as a knife. The ditch is no more than ten meters wide, but hundreds of feet deep. The valley is often filled with clouds and mist. The curling white clouds roll in the valley like wind and waves. Outside the valley, the local people call it "spray Mouth". In the center of the canyon, there is a huge stone like a monkey floating on the cloud, which is lifelike if it is hidden and bitter. The name is "Monkey Watches the Sea of Clouds".

The scenery here is particularly pleasant. Look down at the clouds and clouds, and look up at the sky. There are many strange rocks like Tiger Mouth and Optimus Prime. At the top of the mountain is a Sanhuang Stronghold. There is a Pangu Cave in the stronghold, which worships the three ancestors of the Chinese nation - the Xuanyuan family of the Yellow Emperor, the Fuxi family and the Shennong family of the Yan Emperor. On the top of the village, there are 5 square kilometers of virgin forest rarely touched by people, with luxuriant forests and flowers, and rippling mountain springs. It can be said that "the scenery here is unique", but it is difficult to climb: the 486 level hero slope stone steps make people breathless; Walking on the suspension bridge between the two mountains -- "sky-linking cableway", like walking on thin ice, it is unavoidable to be scared and jumpy; The "Three Emperors Plank Road", which is close to the cliff and faces the abyss, is also full of dangers. The rugged mountain road of more than 500 meters is exhausting. Only by experiencing this kind of adventure can we truly understand the profound artistic conception of "infinite scenery at the dangerous peak". Go up the mountain, wipe a sweat on your forehead, and look far ahead. The lofty aspiration of "looking at the small mountains" arises spontaneously.

"The king of heaven, towering in the middle" Songshan Mountain, located in the middle of Kyushu and the five mountains, faces the Yellow River in the north and Yingshui in the south. Here, you can not only see the unique geological features of "five generations living together", but also appreciate the 8000 years of history of the Chinese nation. The three religions of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism are gathered together. The Shaolin Temple, Zhongyue Temple and Songyang Academy stand in a tripod. The west side of the Thousand Buddha Hall of Shaolin Temple is the Dizang Hall, and the north and south sides of the hall are provided with the ten deities of the King of Hell, which are Taoist. The painting of the Twenty-four Filial Piety on the back wall is also Confucian, and recognizes that Sakyamuni, Confucius and Laozi are "the most holy", emphasizing that the three religions and the nine streams are "good for different purposes" and "each has its own way". The inscription on the Kaiyuan tablet in front of the clock tower reads: "The praise of the three religions and the nine streams", and the picture is a composite image of Sakyamuni, Confucius and Laozi, and the praise is: "The three religions are integrated, the nine streams are one source. The hundred schools of thought contend, and all laws are unified". "Buddhism sees nature, Taoism protects life, Confucianism knows ethics, ethics is right, agriculture is the foundation, ink is the foundation of the world, celebrities are responsible for reality, and law is the auxiliary system... each has its own way, and it is consistent." Some Zen masters both understand Buddhism and Confucianism. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, Taoism has absorbed more Confucian ideas. The main hall of Anyang Palace in Shaoshi Mountain is the Sanhuang Cave, where Sakyamuni, Confucius, and Laozi are worshipped.

The big book on the door: "talent, heaven, earth and people are always the same principle, and the teaching of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is the same way". From this, we can see that the three religions have been fused into one furnace in the Zhongyue Song Mountain, which makes him have the charm that the four famous Buddhist mountains in China cannot have.

"Shaolin Wushu is famous all over the world". Shaolin Temple is not only a famous Buddhist resort and the ancestral hall of Zen, but also the famous birthplace of Shaolin martial arts at home and abroad. With its rich connotation and unique style, Shaolin Kung Fu is famous in the Wulin and the world

Each mountain and water of Mount Song has left behind historical sites and beautiful and moving legends of various periods. Mount Song has added countless dazzling brilliance to the magnificent rivers, mountains and long history of the great motherland.

Mount Song belongs to the Funiu Mountain system. There are many records in the history books about Fuxi and the Yellow Emperor as the center of activities in Funiu Mountain. Mencius said: "Yu shun Shun's son in Yangcheng"; "Yishun Yu's son in the Yin of Jishan." Jiyin is the Yangcheng. At the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, Daji said: "Bo Yi's old policy, the country is in the Yin of Jishan, and Jishan is also beneficial to the country.".

Today, Shun's tomb is located in Mayuchuan, Songshan, Qimu's tomb is on the left of Songyang Academy, and Xu You's and Nest Father's tombs are on the top of Jishan. The words "the legacy of Yao and Shun" and "the day of Yao and Shun" have spread to this day. Zhuangzi said: "Yao gave way to the world, Xu You escaped from Jishan and washed his ears in Yingshui".

According to the ancient books "The Chronicle of the Bamboo Book" and "The Book of the World", Shun ordered Yu to worship Song Mountain for 15 years, and Shun took the throne of Yu, "Yu lived in Yangcheng". Historians of all dynasties believe that Yangcheng is the Yangcheng near Songshan today (three miles west of today's Gaocheng Town). From Yu to Jie in the Xia Dynasty, there were seventeen kings and fourteen generations. In the 432 years, the capital of the kings moved several times from Yangcheng, but all of them were around Mount Song. The story of Dayu's three attempts to control the flood and not to enter has been widely circulated in Songshan Mountain.

Songshan Mountain, the central mountain, has towering peaks and magnificent scenery. The 20 scenic spots of Zhongyue, including peaks, valleys, streams, waterfalls, springs, forests and other natural elements, Songmen to the moon, Jiyin to avoid the summer, Shicong to drink, etc. These natural landscapes are either majestic, majestic, elegant and attractive, or flying waterfalls in the air, overlapping peaks, and colorful. Songshan Mountain is lush and full of vitality. It welcomes wind, snow, rain and frost all year round. The pine forest on Junji Peak is verdant, and the wind is blowing, whistling, light as the rippling water, and fierce as the roaring waves, with infinite charm. The autumn scenery of Mount Song is more charming than the red leaves of young families. Shaoshi Mountain is steep and precipitous, with strange peaks and different views everywhere. Climb to the top of the mountain and look around. The mountains are green, the forest sea is rippling, and the snow fog is misty as if it were a fairyland.

Bless all the people in the world who are destined to meet their needs, the heavenly officials will bless them, the cause will take off, and the source of wealth will expand!

中国五岳名山之五，嵩山名为“外方”，夏商时称“崇高”，五代后称中岳嵩山。       ------ 诸葛长青  

   中国五岳分别为：东岳泰山、西岳华山、南岳衡山、北岳恒山和中岳嵩山。

   五岳之首东岳泰山，主峰玉皇顶；险峭之冠西岳华山，主峰太华山；
   群峰之巅北岳恒山，主峰玄武峰；中原名山中岳嵩山，主峰玉寨山；
   五岳独秀南岳衡山，主峰祝融峰。

   “五岳”是我国五大名山的总称。即东岳泰山、西岳华山、北岳恒山、中岳嵩山、南岳衡山。他们是封建帝王仰天功之巍巍而封禅祭祀的地方，更是封建帝王受命于天，定鼎中原的象征。

   诸葛长青：嵩山位于中央，是为天地之中，故定嵩山为中岳。

　　论景观，五岳又各具特色：泰山雄、衡山秀、华山险，恒山奇，嵩山奥。

    嵩山属伏牛山脉，其主体在今登封县境内，东邻省会郑州，西邻九朝古都洛阳。嵩山古称外方山，周平王东迁洛阳后，以左岱（泰山），右华（华山），嵩山位于中央，是为天地之中，故定嵩山为中岳。

    武则天天册万岁元年（695年）封禅嵩山时，改中岳为神岳。

   北宋以后，又称之为中岳嵩山。嵩山主要由太室、少室二山组成，山体从东至西横卧，蜿蜒70公里，故有“华山如立，中岳如卧”之说。嵩山之顶名曰峻极，海拔1512米，古有“嵩高竣极”和“峻极于天”之说，站在峰顶远眺，北可望黄河之雄，南可极山川之秀。

　　少室山景，以峰奇、路险、石怪、景秀而著称天下。山中群峰争艳，千奇百异，有的拔地而起，有的逶迤连绵，有的象猛虎蹲坐，有的似雄狮起舞，有的若巨龙睡眠，有的如乌龟爬行，峰峦参差，峡谷纵横，三千米栈道穿梭山腰，山道弯弯，宛若丝带逶迤在崇山峻岭中。从山南北望，一组山峰，互相叠压，状如千叶舒莲，从唐代起就有"少室若莲"之说，因名其为"九顶莲花山"。

   少室山的南面，山姿很象古人戴的忠靖冠，所以宋代又有"冠子山"之名。少室山东侧山峰，参差错落，人们依其山姿，名之为"石榴嘴"。站在少林寺南望，少室山堑然若屏。高峰之下自西向东并列着五座小峰，人们依其形态，称之为棋、鼓、剑、印、钟。在剑峰西侧，有一巨石如削，雨过天晴之际，光洁耀目，好似白雪，遥望此景引人入胜，被称为“少室晴雪”。少室东侧有一道盘绕弯曲的峡谷，名曰："玉皇沟"。东口叫"吸风口"，峡窄谷深，人行其间，时感吸风拔气，令人望而生畏。西口叫小寨口，可直通山顶大寨东天门。东天门下面有条东门壕，当地称之为“响潭沟”。

   响潭沟壁如刀削，沟宽不过十余米，深却有数百丈，谷内经常云雾弥漫，袅袅白云在峡谷中奔腾翻滚，如风浪呼啸，奔腾谷外，当地人称其为“喷雾口”。峡谷中心，有一巨石状如猴子，飘浮云上，若隐苦现，惟妙惟肖，名曰：“猴子观云海”。

   此处风景尤宜人，下看云雾缭绕，上看一线天，老虎嘴、擎天柱等怪石林立。山顶有个三皇寨，寨中有一座盘古洞，供奉着中华民族的三位先祖--黄帝轩辕氏、伏羲氏和炎帝神农氏。寨顶上边，还有5平方公里绝少有人涉足的原始森林，林茂花繁，山泉潺潺。可谓“风景这边独好”，只是登攀难：486级的好汉坡石阶，让人上气不接下气；走上架在两山之间的吊桥--"连天索道"，如履薄冰，难免战战兢兢、心惊肉跳；而傍依绝壁、下临深渊的"三皇栈道"也是险象环生，500多米的崎岖山路令人神疲力竭。只有亲身体验了这样的历惊度险，才能真正领会"无限风光在险峰"的深邃意境。上得山来，抹一把额头的汗水，极目远望，“一览众山小”的壮志豪情油然而生。

　　“赫赫天中王，巍巍踞中”嵩山，位于九州和五岳之中，北依黄河，南临颍水，在这里，不仅能看到“五世同堂”的奇特地质风貌，且能领略中华民族八千年历史进程。佛、道、儒三教荟萃，少林寺、中岳庙、嵩阳书院鼎足而立，少林寺千佛殿的西侧是地藏殿，殿内南北两面供十大阎罗王神位，是道教的。后壁绘制二十四孝画图则又是儒家的，并承认释迦、孔子、老子都是“至圣”，强调三教九流“为善殊途”，“各有所施”，钟楼前开元碑阴刻：“混元三教九流图赞”，图面是释迦、孔子、老子三圣合体像，赞语是：“三教一体，九流一源。百家争理，万法一统”。“佛教见性，道教保命，儒教明伦，纲常是正，农流务本，墨流备世，名流责实，法流辅制……各有所施，一以贯之”一些禅宗大师既通佛理，又懂儒学，到明、清以后，道教变吮吸更多的儒家思想，少室山的安阳宫主殿洞是三皇洞，内祀释迦牟尼、孔子、老子。

    门上大书：“才分天地人总属一理，教有儒释道终归一途”。由此可以窥见三教在中岳嵩山已熔铸于一炉，使他具有中国四大佛教名山难以具备的魅力。

　　“少林武术名天下”。少林寺，不但是声名显赫的佛教胜地，禅宗祖庭，而且是闻名中外的少林武术发源地。少林功夫以自己丰富的内涵，独特的风格，而威震武林，名冠天下……

　　嵩山的一山一水，都留下了各个时期的名胜古迹和美丽动人的传说故事，嵩山为伟大祖国的壮丽河山和悠久历史增添了数不尽的耀眼光辉。

　　嵩山属伏牛山系，史书对伏羲和黄帝在伏牛山作为活动的中心，有许多记载。《孟子》中说：“禹避舜之子于阳城”；“益避禹之子于箕山之阴。”箕阴即阳城，在嵩山南麓，《大记》云：“伯益旧政，就国于箕山之阴，是箕山为益封国也”。

   今舜墓嵩山之马峪川，启母墓在嵩阳书院之左，许由、巢父墓均在箕山之颠。“尧舜遗风”，“尧天舜日”之语流传至今。《庄子》云：“尧让天下，许由遂逃箕山，洗耳于颖水”。

  　据古书《竹书纪年》和《世本》记载舜十五年命禹主祭嵩山，舜禅位禹后，“禹居阳城”。历代历史学家都认为阳城即今嵩山附近的阳城（在今告成镇西三里）。夏代自禹至桀，共传十七王、十四世，历四百三十二年，王都自阳城数迁，但均在嵩山周围。大禹治水三过其门而不入的故事至今在嵩山广为流传。

　　中岳嵩山，群峰挺拔，气势磅礴，景象万千。由峰、谷、涧、瀑、泉、林等自然景素构成的中岳二十景，嵩门待月、箕阴避暑、石淙会饮等，这些自然景观或雄壮魁伟、秀逸诱人，或飞瀑腾空、层峦叠嶂、多彩多姿。嵩山林木葱郁，一年四季迎送风雪雨霜，生机昂然。峻极峰上松林苍翠，山风吹来，呼啸作响，轻如流水潺潺，猛似波涛怒吼，韵味无穷。嵩山秋色，少室红叶更是迷人。少室山山势陡峭险峻，奇峰异观，比比皆是。登上山顶环顾四周，群山碧绿，林海荡漾，雪雾飘渺如临仙景。

 祝福天下有缘者有求必应、天官赐福、事业腾飞、财源广进！

（本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

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学习圣贤 弘扬善德

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