Buddhist story: Lin Zexu sees life with Buddhist wisdom (picture)

佛教故事：林则徐用佛教智慧看人生（图）

Buddhism is one of the essence of traditional Chinese culture, which contains profound wisdom. Buddhists deal with problems perfectly.

-----Zhuge Changqing

From August 30, 1785 (the fiftieth year of Qianlong's reign) to November 22, 1850 (the thirtieth year of Daoguang's reign), the Han nationality, Fujian Hou Guan people (now Fuzhou, Fujian Province), with the characters of Yuan Fu, Shaomu and Shilin, the old people in the evening, the old people in the village, the old people in the village, the old people in the seventy-two peaks, the old people in the village of Ping Quan, the scattered people in Lishe, etc.

Lin Zexu was a statesman, thinker and poet in the late Qing Dynasty. He was a great national hero in the process of the Chinese nation's resistance to external humiliation. His main achievement was the destructed opium in Humen.

Lin Zexu served as governor of Jiangsu, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, governor of Huguang, governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, and governor of Yungui, and was appointed as imperial envoy twice; They are deeply respected by Chinese people all over the world for their advocacy of banning opium, resisting the aggression of the West, and upholding China's sovereignty and national interests.

Mr. Fan Guanlan once wrote an article about Lin Zexu's study of Buddhism. From this story, we can understand how Lin Zexu lived a wise life with Buddhism.

Lin Zexu was born in the fiftieth year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1785) in a relatively poor intellectual family of Hou Guan (now Fuzhou City) in Fujian Province. At the age of 27, he took part in the conference examination in Beijing in the 18th year of Jiaqing. He was granted the status of a scholar, and was elected as a concubine of the Imperial Academy. He began to enter the official arena.

Since then, he has been floating and sinking in the official sea for nearly 40 years, from supervising the governor, Taoists, inspectors and political commissioners to the governor and governor, and has become a big member of the frontier on one side. He is a historical celebrity of the anti-smoking movement in the Qing Dynasty in China, and a politician with a long reputation. But he is also a pious Buddhist believer, especially with Jiangsu Buddhism.

Lin Zexu has been an official in Jiangsu for the longest time in nearly 40 years.

On December 24, the second year of Daoguang's reign (1822), he was appointed to Huaihai Road in Jiangsu Province. Huaihai Road is also responsible for salt administration, water transport and coastal defense, and is stationed in Huai'an. On the seventh day of the first month of the third year of Daoguang's reign (1823), he was promoted to the post of Jiangsu Inspector General and stationed in Suzhou. In December of the third year of Daoguang's reign (1823), he was appointed to appoint Jiangsu Chief Political Envoy as the second grade official and stationed in Suzhou. In the seventh year of Daoguang's reign (1827), he was promoted to Jiangning's political envoy (Jiangning is now Nanjing, the residence of the governor of Liangjiang). In the 12th year of Daoguang's reign (1832), he was transferred to the post of Jiangsu Governor in Suzhou for five years. In the seventeenth year of Daoguang's reign (1837), he took office as Governor of Huguang, ending his official career in Jiangsu.

Lin Zexu held several posts in Jiangsu for 15 years. This is an important period in his official career. During her tenure in Jiangsu, Lin Zexu was deeply connected with Jiangsu Buddhism. He is a real and pious Buddhist, who insists on chanting sutras and chanting Buddha in the midst of daily activities. Write the Vajra Sutra, Buddha Says Amitabha Sutra, Heart Sutra, Mantra of Past Life and Mantra of Great Compassion and other Buddhist sutras in regular script in a small four-inch square book, which is convenient to recite in the morning and evening during the journey.

Zhuge Changqing: The broad and profound Buddhism has given Lin Zexu infinite wisdom. It also helps Lin Zexu to turn misfortune into good fortune, and solve various problems easily.

Lin Zexu has left his footprints in many Buddhist temples in Jiangsu. During his years in Jiangsu, he has traveled or passed through Yangzhou and Taizhou for more than ten times. Gaomin Temple, Daming Temple and Guangxiao Temple all have records of his arrival.

It is particularly worth mentioning that the Gaomin Temple in Yangzhou is one of the eight famous temples in Yangzhou, and it is a geomantic treasure land that "chokes the three branches of the flood and occupies the real vein of the Kowloon". After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the temple was also in its heyday. It was called the Four Jungles of Zen, together with Zhenjiang Jinshan, Ningbo Tiantong and Changzhou Tianning. There is also the saying that "there are Manjusri and Baoguang on the top, and Jinshan and Gaomin on the bottom", which is the four jungle of Zen in the Yangtze River basin. Lin Zexu has a special liking for it. Every time he goes to Yangzhou, the place he stays in must be "Gaomin Temple in the evening." In Gaomin Temple, besides worshipping Buddha and asking eminent monks, he always likes to climb the Tianzhong Tower of Gaomin Temple to look out, but he can see that "the fields along the river have dried up, and seven out of ten people have planted wheat".

Suzhou is a city where Lin Zexu stayed for a long time during his tenure in Jiangsu. He also often goes to visit the Buddhist monasteries in Suzhou. Among them, Guangfu Temple, located on Guishan Mountain, Guangfu Town, Wuxian County, still has couplets written by him for its Guanyin Hall. Couplets are:

Great compassion can spread the blessing field, saying that rain and rain, Yang and Yang, I hope the earth is rich and Rang, and I hope that all living beings will enjoy happiness;

All kinds of good faith are willing to ascend to the shore of consciousness, saying that it is illegal, saying that the truth is not the truth, and learning common virtues. Only by reading the film to practice.

The Guangfu Temple in Wuxian County was first built in the year of Liang Datong. In the year of Song Kangyuan (1040), someone found a bronze statue of Guanyin in the Tang Dynasty in the middle of the temple, so it is also known as the Tongguanyin Temple. There are stone tablets such as the Heart Sutra carved in the Song Dynasty in the temple. There are seven levels of Guangfu Pagoda on the top of the mountain. When you climb the pagoda, you can have a panoramic view of the mountains of Deng Wei, Tianping and Lingyan. In history, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty both came to Guangfu Temple to pray for rain and burn incense. Lin Zexu wrote this famous couplet at Guangfu Temple, and with the Buddha's spirit of compassion and benefiting people, he longed for all living beings to be safe, auspicious and in good weather.

During her tenure in Jiangsu, Lin Zexu also paid special attention to Taizhou in the middle of Jiangsu. The author also found that the screen and album that Lin Zexu often wrote in Buddhist sutras in Taizhou were given to the local upper-class people and tied the knot with words.

In May 2003, the Taizhou Museum held the "Exhibition of Famous Calligraphy and Painting Works in the Collection". There was a small book album, which was given by Lin Zexu to Wei Maolin, who was the keynote speaker at the Hu Gong College in Taizhou at that time. Wei Maolin, who was born in Putian, Fujian Province, was a scholar and awarded the cabinet secretary. This piece of work in small script is entitled "Four Brothers of Descartes are approaching, and the last act is to sign the seven words" Lin Zexu, the fool of Shaomu ", and there are two seals," Lin Zexu's seal "and" Shaomu's seal ". The writing style of the work is clear and beautiful; In the space of a ruler and a word, the spirit is soaring. In addition, the author also saw a four-screen strip of running script that was collected by the folk collector Cai Liquan and sent by Lin Zexu to the old man Xingheng. Although it was written in Buddhist sutras, it had a unique vigorous and handsome style, open and relaxed, straight and bold.

In 1987, the China Buddhist Association also specially commissioned the Shanghai Buddhist Association and the Jiangsu Buddhist Association to photocopy the "Lin Wenzhong's Handwritten Sutra Mantra Day Course". Zhao Puchu, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and president of the Chinese Buddhist Association, also wrote a preface in his own handwriting. The preamble states: "Duke Lin Wenzhong is a national hero of China, who has lofty ideals and strong deeds, and has shocked the people of today and ancient times. His idle and honest deeds, and his work of cultivating his heart and nature, his fist and fist suit, and the Buddhist scriptures are the Buddhist scriptures of Shi Shi. The book of the daily classes of the public's handwriting is neat and elegant, and I want to see his devotion to Vietnam and faith." The famous eminent monks Yin Guang and Yuan Ying once wrote the preface for Lin Zexu's small script Buddhist scriptures, He highly praised his writing of the Buddhist sutras as "line and daily lessons, pure land and food."

The four types of Buddhist scriptures written in small script are all from Tang Kaizhong, which shows his solid European body skills. It is smooth, balanced, and does not seek dangerous strength. It must be free and comfortable. It is written in a sincere way and full of the solemn atmosphere of Buddhism. We can also see that Lin Zexu's serious and meticulous spirit is consistent with his character and knowledge. The forefathers often used small script to cultivate their temperament and regulate themselves. From the words, Lin Zexu also meant this.

Lin Zexu's tenure in Jiangsu was inextricably bound up with Jiangsu Buddhism, which also had a great influence on him. He left Jiangsu in 1837. In 1839, Lin Zexu wrote the "Ten Useless Mottoes", which is full of meditation and should also be the drip of Lin Zexu's experience in learning Buddhism.

Ten Useless Mottoes:

The geomantic omen is of no benefit if you are not well-intentioned;

It is useless to be arrogant and knowledgeable;

Parents are unfilial and it is useless to serve God;

To be rich is not benevolent, and to accumulate is not beneficial;

It is no good to make friends if brothers disagree;

It is no good to take people's money cleverly and give alms;

If you misbehave, reading is useless;

It is no good taking medicine at all costs;

It is useless to be clever when you behave perversely;

Lust and extravagance are not good for official career.

Zhuge Changqing: I hope that those who are destined to understand these ten useless maxims will lead to a happy life.

This "Ten Useless Mottoes" is the crystallization of Lin Zexu's integration of Buddhist culture. Even today, it still has profound educational and motivating significance for us.

Take a comprehensive view of the cause and effect between Lin Zexu and Jiangsu Buddhism. The author believes that Chinese Buddhist culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and has penetrated into any field of Chinese philosophy, literature and art. Lin Zexu said that as the first celebrity in China's modern history and the elite of an era, he naturally has a deep study of Buddhist culture. He not only practiced diligently himself, but also put the Buddha's spirit of compassion and benefit into concrete actions of patriotism and love for the people. The author also believes that as an outstanding politician, Lin Zexu holds an important position and insists on chanting sutras sooner or later; Be merciful and benefit people, and practice Buddhism on earth; It is commendable to integrate career and practice Buddhism, and complement each other.

A philosopher said, "Outstanding people learn more about Buddhism." Lin Zexu wrote a brilliant chapter in the history of Buddhism in Jiangsu. The footprint of Lin Zexu in Jiangsu, especially the winning relationship with Jiangsu Buddhism, is still unforgettable.

Zhuge Changqing: If you study Chinese traditional culture and don't understand Buddhism, you can hardly be called proficient in Chinese traditional culture.

Zhuge Changqing wishes all the people who are destined to respect their parents and do good deeds and accumulate virtue rich and auspicious!

Bless all the people in the world who are destined to meet their needs, the heavenly officials will bless them, the cause will take off, and the source of wealth will expand!

佛教，是国学的精华之一，包含了深深的大智慧。学佛的人处理问题非常圆满。

----- 诸葛长青

     1785年8月30日（乾隆五十年）~1850年11月22日（道光三十年），汉族，福建侯官人（今福建省福州），字元抚，又字少穆、石麟，晚号俟村老人、俟村退叟、七十二峰退叟、瓶泉居士、栎社散人等。

    林则徐是清朝后期政治家、思想家和诗人，是中华民族抵御外辱过程中伟大的民族英雄，其主要功绩是虎门销烟。

    林则徐官至一品，曾任江苏巡抚、两广总督、湖广总督、陕甘总督和云贵总督，两次受命为钦差大臣；因其主张严禁鸦片、抵抗西方的侵略、坚持维护中国主权和民族利益深受全世界中国人的敬仰。

    范观澜先生曾经写过一篇文章，讲述了林则徐学佛的故事。我们从这个故事中，可领悟林则徐如何用佛学进行智慧人生的。

     林则徐，清乾隆五十年（1785）出生于福建侯官（今福州市）一个比较贫寒的知识分子家庭。他嘉庆十八年27岁在京参加会试，赐进士出身，选为翰林院庶吉士，开始进入官场。

   从此在宦海中浮沉了近40年，从监察御史、道员、按察使和布政使到巡抚、总督、成为位居一方的封疆大员。他是我国清代禁烟运动的历史名人，又是一位声名远播的政治家，但他又是一位虔诚的佛教信奉者，特别是与江苏佛教颇具一番因缘。
    林则徐在近40年的宦海生涯中，在江苏做官的时间最长。

   道光二年（1822）十二月二十四日任江苏淮海道。淮海道兼理盐政、漕务、海防，驻淮安。道光三年（1823）正月初七，升任江苏按察使，驻苏州，道光三年（1823）十二月奉命署江苏布政使，为从二品官，驻苏州。道光七年（1827）擢升为江宁布政使（江宁即今南京，两江总督的驻地）。道光十二年（1832）调任江苏巡抚驻苏州，在任整五年。道光十七年（1837）赴任湖广总督，从此结束了在江苏的仕途生涯。
    林则徐在江苏几度任职，前后长达15年之久。在他的宦海生涯中这是一个重要时期。林则徐在江苏任职之中又与江苏佛教结缘颇深。他是一个实实在在的虔诚的佛教徒，在日理万机中，坚持诵经念佛。亲笔用楷书将《金刚经》、《佛说阿弥陀经》、《心经》、《往生咒》和《大悲咒》等佛经写在四寸见方的小本子上，便于在旅途中坚持早晚课诵。

    诸葛长青：佛学的博大精深，给了林则徐无限的智慧。也使林则徐逢凶化吉、遇难成祥、轻松解决各类问题。
    在江苏众多的佛教寺院都留下了林则徐的足迹。在江苏任职的几年中，他曾十多次专程或途经扬州、泰州。高旻寺、大明寺和光孝寺都有他到达过的记载。

    特别值得一提的是扬州高旻寺为扬州八大名刹之一，是“扼三汊洪流，踞九龙真脉”的风水宝地。清朝中叶以后该寺亦为鼎盛时期，与镇江金山、宁波天童、常州天宁并称，号为禅宗四大丛林。又有“上有文殊、宝光，下有金山、高旻”之说，并为长江流域禅宗四大丛林。林则徐对其是情有独钟，每次扬州之行，入住之处那一定是“晚泊高旻寺。”在高旻寺除了拜佛，与高僧问道外，总喜欢登上高旻寺的天中塔眺望，但见“沿江洲田涸出，种麦者已十之七”。
    苏州是林则徐在江苏任职期间驻达时间较长的城市，苏州的佛教寺院，他也常常去参拜礼佛。其中位于吴县光福镇龟山上的光福寺至今还留下他为其观音殿书写的楹联。楹联为：
    大慈悲能布福田，曰雨而雨，曰旸而旸，祝率土丰穰，长使众生蒙乐利；
    诸善信愿登觉岸，说法非法，说相非相，学普门功德。只凭片念起修行。
    吴县光福寺，始建于梁大同年间，宋康元年（1040），有人于寺旁泯中获唐铸铜观音像，故又称铜观音寺，寺内存有宋刻《心经》等石碑，山顶上有四面七级的光福塔，登塔远眺，邓尉、天平、灵岩诸山风景尽收眼底。历史上明知府况钟，清康熙、乾隆皇帝都曾至光福寺来祈雨、烧香，名著吴中。林则徐至光福寺题下了这一幅脍炙人口的楹联，用佛陀慈悲利人的精神渴求一方众生能够平安吉祥、风调雨顺。
    林则徐在江苏任职期间，对苏中的泰州也特别关顾。笔者还发现了林则徐在泰州常常用佛经偈语书写的条屏、册页，是相赠给当地上流人士，以字结缘的。
    2003年5月，泰州博物馆举办《馆藏名人书画作品展览》，有一幅小楷册页，就是林则徐送给当时在泰州胡公书院担任主讲的魏茂林。魏茂林，字笛生，为福建莆田人，曾中进士、并授过内阁中书。这幅小楷作品，题为笛生四兄大人正临，最后一行为“少穆愚弟林则徐”七字落款，还有“林则徐印”“少穆”两枚印章。作品笔笔见工，字字挺秀；尺幅字间，豪气冲天。另外笔者还见到一幅是民间收藏家蔡礼泉老先生收藏的林则徐送给星恒老人的行书四屏条，尽管书写的是佛经偈语，但有一种独特的雄健挺秀风格，开朗舒张，挺拔豪放。
    1987年中国佛教协会还专门委托上海佛教协会和江苏佛教协会影印了《林文忠公手书经咒日课》。全国政协副主席、中国佛教协会会长赵朴初还亲笔题写了序言。序言中述及：“林文忠公为中华之民族英雄，志行勋烈，震铄今古，而其闲邪存诚，养心成性之功，拳拳服应而弗释者乃释氏之教典，观公手书日课之本，端严整秀，想见其对越之虔，信奉之笃。”著名高僧印光、圆瑛都曾经为林则徐的小楷佛经写过序文，高度赞颂他书写佛经为“行与日课、净土资粮。”
    其所书小楷《佛经四种》全从唐楷中来，显示了他扎实的欧体功底。结体疏通，平稳匀称，不求险劲，务使闲适自如，意正笔正，写来十分虔诚，充满着佛教的肃穆之气。我们从中也可看出林则徐用笔严肃认真，一丝不苟的精神，与他的人品和学识是一致的。前人往往以书写小楷来陶冶性情，规约自己，从字中看出，林则徐也有此意。
    林则徐在江苏任职与江苏佛教结下了不解之缘，佛教对其影响也是巨大的。他于1837年离任江苏。1839年就针对世风日下的时弊，写下《十无益格言》，充满禅机，也应是林则徐学佛心得的点滴。

《十无益格言》：
 存心不善，风水无益；

 心高气傲，博学无益；
 父母不孝，奉神无益；

 为富不仁，积聚无益；
 兄弟不和，交友无益；

 巧取人财，布施无益；
 行止不端，读书无益；

 不惜元气，服药无益；
 作事乖张，聪明无益；

 淫逸骄奢，仕途无益。

诸葛长青：愿有缘者认真领悟这十无益格言，使自己走向幸福人生。

    这《十无益格言》，正是林则徐将佛教文化融会贯通的结晶，即使在今天对我们仍然有深刻的教育和鞭策意义。
    综观林则徐与江苏佛教之间的因缘。笔者觉得中国佛教文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，渗透到了中国的哲学、文学、艺术的任何一个领域。林则徐称作为中国近代史上第一位名人，也是一个时代的精英，自然对佛教文化的研究颇深。他不但自己精进修持，并将佛陀慈悲利人的精神，落实于爱国爱民的具体行动之中。笔者还觉得林则徐作为一位杰出的政治家，他身居要职，坚持早晚诵经；慈悲利人，行持人间佛教；把事业和修持佛法两者融为一体，相辅相成的为人风范，是值得称道的。
    一位哲人所说：“杰出人士学佛多”，在江苏佛教的历史上林则徐谱写了一段灿烂的篇章。林则徐在江苏留下的足迹，特别是与江苏佛教的胜缘，人们至今是难以忘怀的。
   诸葛长青：研究国学，不懂佛学，则很难称得上是精通国学。

诸葛长青祝福天下孝敬父母、行善积德的有缘者富贵吉祥！

   祝福天下有缘者有求必应、天官赐福、事业腾飞、财源广进！

（本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向