Chinese Studies: Who translated the Tibetan Classics? When did you enter China?

国学研究：地藏经是谁翻译的？何时入中国？

The Tibetan scriptures were translated by Shicha Nantuo when Wu Zetian entered China in the Tang Dynasty.

-----Zhuge Changqing

Chinese classics are vast and vast.

The immeasurable sage appeared in China.

The land of China is a magical land.

Here, there are many treasures and outstanding people, and everywhere is permeated with the light of cultural wisdom.

Zhuge Changqing, a researcher of traditional Chinese culture, believes that to understand China, we must first understand Chinese culture.

Because Chinese culture contains the knowledge of heaven, earth and man.

Today, Zhuge Changqing will talk to you about the classic Chinese classic "Dizang Sutra".

Dizang Sutra and Dizang King Bodhisattva are familiar to everyone.

With the deep integration of culture, the "Di Zang Jing" has become an important part of the traditional Chinese culture.

So, who translated this "Di Zang Jing"? Why did you come to China?

1、 What does the "Di Zang Jing" say?

The Sutra of Buddha's Wish is a kind of scripture. Sanskrit: K ṣ itigarbha-bodhisattva-p ū rva-praṇidh ā na S ū tra 。

[The current volume is three volumes], also known as the "Sutra of the Promise of the Land", the "Sutra of the Land", and the "Sutra of the Promise of the Land", belong to one of the three Sutras of the Land (the other two sutras are the "Sutra of the Good and Evil karma of Zhancha" and the "Ten Wheel Sutra of the Land" of Mahayana Daji). The Land Sutra is closed in the 13th volume of the "Dazheng Sutra".

The Sutra of the Earth's Treasure describes the original wish and virtue of the Earth's Treasure Bodhisattva, as well as the vow of the Earth's Treasure Bodhisattva, and emphasizes the incredible power of the Earth's Treasure Bodhisattva.

The Tripitaka records that Sakyamuni Buddha spoke for his mother, Madame Moya, in the Trayana Heavenly Palace (the second day of the six days in the world of desire), praised the great vow of the Tripitaka Bodhisattva, "Hell is not empty, vows not to become Buddha, all sentient beings do their best, and proves Bodhi", and introduced the typical examples of the Tripitaka Bodhisattva in the process of practicing in different places.

Zhuge Changqing's research found that the Sutra of the Earth is a classic of the practice of the Buddha Sakyamuni, praising the King of the Earth and the Bodhisattva, and talking about many methods of practice, which can be regarded as a beacon of practice. Many eminent monks, great virtues, scholars and scholars attach great importance to this classic of practice.

2、 Who translated the Sutra of the Earth?

Zhuge Changqing's research found that the Dizang Sutra was translated by "Shicha Nantuo".

We open the "Sutra of the Earth", which reads "It is difficult to translate the Sanzang Shaman of the Tang Khotan".

The simple translation of this passage is:

the tang dynasty. Khotan in the northwest. A mage who is proficient in the three treasures. A solid fork is hard to handle. Translation.

Next, Zhuge Changqing will explain in detail:

1. Tang=Tang Dynasty;

Tang is the name of Li Yuan. Because Li Yuanxian was in Jinyang, which was the old capital of the Tang family of Tao, he was granted the title of King of Tang. After receiving the Sui Zen, he unified the world and was called the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was the unified Central Plains Dynasty after the Sui Dynasty, which lasted for 21 emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the whole country rose together. In 617, Li Yuan, the Duke of the Tang Dynasty, launched an army in Jinyang. The following year, he became the emperor and established the Tang Dynasty, with the capital of Chang'an.

After the succession of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, he initiated the rule of Zhenguan and laid the foundation for the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the "rule of permanent emblem", and established Luoyang, the eastern capital, in 657.

In 690, Wu Zetian changed the name of the state to Zhou. In 705, after the Dragon Revolution, the name of the Tang State was restored.

After Emperor Xuanzong ascended the throne, he created a prosperous Kaiyuan era, with a population of about 80 million at the end of Tianbao. It ended in 907.

2. Khotan=a small Buddhist country in the northwest of the Tang Dynasty.

The State of Khotan (232-1006 BC) is an ancient Buddhist kingdom in the Western Regions and one of the four towns of Anxi, the capital of Anxi in the Tang Dynasty of China.

Khotan is the name of the country in the Western Regions. The meaning of the word is "earth milk". It is because his ancestors grew up drinking milk from the ground. In order to commemorate this event, it is called Khotan. The location of Khotan is in the Tianshan South Road in Xinjiang today.

The surname of the monarchy is Yuchi (pronounced y ù ch í). Because of their admiration for the Tang Dynasty, two monarchs changed their surname to Li. They are Yuchi monk Wubo (Li Shengtian) and Yuchi Sula (Li Congde), who have been in power for 1238 years.

Tang Xuanzang, who had personally experienced Khotan, described Khotan in his "Records of the Western Regions of the Great Tang Dynasty": "Since then, it has been handed down to the world and passed on to the kingdom. It can be seen that the Yuchi family has controlled the Khotan regime for thousands of years. The ancient inhabitants belong to the Tuhuo people who speak Indo-European languages. In 1006, it was annexed by the khanate and gradually Islamized. In the 11th century, the ethnic and language gradually became Uighur.

3. Sanzang=Buddhism "Sutra, Law, and Discussion"

Sanzang is a sign of praise for the master of translation of scriptures, the master of translation of classics.

Three Tibetans are the general name of Buddhist classics. There are three major collections of Buddhist classics, called "Three Tibetans".

Sutra is the record of Buddha's statement; Law Tibet is a book of prohibitive rules and interpretations of Buddhism; Tan Zang is a record of the discussion of teachings between Buddha and disciples.

Because the classics of these three collections contain many volumes in form and many principles in essence, they are called collections.

Zhuge Changqing's research found that, from ancient times to modern times, people have called the monks and monks who are proficient in the Three Zangs "Three Zangs".

For example, Tang Xuanzang, the monk of the Tang Dynasty, is known as "Tang Sanzang".

3. Shamen=monk

Shaman is Sanskrit, and shaman is the general name of monks.

Zhuge Changqing believes that this shaman is a general name. For example, it is just like China calls monks, Taoism calls monks, and Confucianism calls refined Confucianism "classmates".

The basic internal meaning of Shaman is "diligent rest", that is, "diligent cultivation and rest of troubles".

Zhuge Changqing believes that the connotation of Shaman is to remind the practitioners to practice diligently, improve their spiritual practice, extinguish their troubles, and finally become Buddha.

Sanskrit of Shaman: s/raman! a. Pali saman! a。 Transliteration of Sri Ramanun, Shiromanun, Sri Mananun, Sharjah. It is the transliteration of the Western Region dialect (Kama ^ ne, Samana ^ in Khotan). They are also called Shamanna, Shamanna, Salomon, Sangmen and Funeral. Diligence, meritorious work, travail, diligence, quiet ambition, pure ambition, rest, rest, rest, evil, diligence, cultivation, poverty, lack of Tao. It is the general name of monks, which is connected with both internal and external ways. That is to say, a monk who shaves his beard and hair, stops all evils, is good at regulating his body and mind, and is diligent in doing all good things in order to practice interest and nirvana.

Zhuge Changqing believes that because the translator "Shicha Nantuo" came from Khotan to the Tang Dynasty, he was already proficient in the Khotan language samana, so he translated it into "Shaman" with homonym.

Why do you call a monk Shaman?

Zhuge Changqing believes that this originated from the enlightenment of Buddha Sakyamuni.

The Buddha Sakyamuni managed a large group of monks. There were many monks who became monks. Their names were different. It was difficult to call each other, so they were named "Shamen". Zhuge Changqing believed that the decision of the Buddha Sakyamuni Buddha was very important. Since then, there has been a unified name. This name is also like all our students in school are collectively referred to as "classmates".

In the Law of the Monks, the Buddha said to the monks, "For example, the Ganges River, which is held in a distance and flows into the sea, loses its original name, and is called the sea. If you are like this, all the Sheben surnames are the same, Shamen Shizi." (Volume 28);

The Buddha said in the Sutra of the Eight Virtues of the Sea of Buddha: "My way is grand, and we are united as one. The king, the Brahman, the gentleman, and the lowly, who come to be a Shaman, all abandon their surname."

In the "Constant Water Sutra", the Buddha told his disciples: "There are several generations who have their own words: I am as noble, rich and poor as the five rivers into the sea; some generations who are disciples of the Buddha should abandon their names, but are disciples of the Buddha."

4. Shicha Nanda=the eminent monk and great virtue of Khotan

Shicha Nanda (652~710 A.D.) is also known as Shicha Nanda. Translations enjoy learning. Tang Yutian (now Hetian, Xinjiang) is famous for his knowledge of big and small multiplication and external theory. Translated scriptures for the Tang Dynasty. Khotan (Xinjiang Khotan) people. Be good at big and small, and bypass different learning.

Shicha Nantuo has translated the Huayan Sutra, Lenga Sutra, Ten Kinds of Karma and other classics.

Zhuge Changqing believed that Shicha Nantuo was the Buddha and Bodhisattva again. He was proficient in Buddhism and was admirable.

The "Sutra of the Earth" was translated by Shicha Nantuo at the invitation of Wu Zetian in China.

In other words, in the second year of the Holy Calendar of Empress Wu of the Tang Dynasty, the Queen of Heaven heard that there was a complete Sanskrit version of the Huayan Sutra in Khotan, and sent an envoy to visit and hire an interpreter.

The king of Khotan liked Buddhism and respected the classics after hearing about the martial arts, so he sent the Huayan Sutra and the Dizang Sutra to China together.

Wu Zetian received the sutra and ordered the shaman to translate it into Chinese, which is the reason for the birth of the Sutra of the Earth.

Shicha Nantuo arrived in Luoyang in the first year of Zhengsheng (695) and lived in the Dapankong Temple in the inner court. He retranslated the Huayan Sutra with Bodhi Liuzhi and Yijing at Dapankong Temple in Dongdu, which is a new translation of 80 volumes of Huayan Sutra.

Empress Wu attached great importance to the translation of Buddhist scriptures and participated in it personally at the beginning.

Shicha Nantuo later continued to translate the scriptures at Luoyang Sanyang Palace, Buddha Shuji Temple, Chang'an Qingchan Temple and other places.

In the fourth year of Chang'an (704), he requested to return to the province because his mother was old, and the court sent Huo Siguang, the special imperial historian, to return him to Khotan.

Tang Zhongzong ascended the throne and invited him to Chang'an again to live in Dajianfu Temple. Without translation, he fell ill and died in October of the first year of Ruizong Jingyun's reign (710) at the age of 59.

One month after he passed away, the Buddhist relics were protected by his disciples Beizhi and Tang Shige Shudaoyuan.

Later generations built a seven-storey relief map at the Dharma Buddha in Chang'an as a memorial, known as the Huayan Sanzang Pagoda.

Shicha Nanda's main work in China was to translate the large version of Huayan, which was handed down by Khotan. When he translated Huayan in the Dapankong Temple, Bodhi Liuzhi and Yijing read the Sanskrit together, and participated in the reception and demonstration of the writing, including Hongjing, Yuanshi, Shenying, Fabao, Fazang, etc., and the conjugated text was the reply ceremony, which was completed in the second year of the Holy Calendar (699), totaling 80 volumes.

Then, in the first year of Jiushi (700), the seven volumes of Mahayana into the Lenga Sutra were retranslated at Sanyang Palace in Luoyang, which was determined in the fourth year of Chang'an by Shamen Fu Li, Fazang, and other written and conjugated texts.

Both of the above two scriptures were written and carried forward by Empress Wu. During this period, he also translated one volume of the Sutra of Entering the Tathagata without Thinking about the Wisdom and Morality, the Sutra of the Tathagata without Thinking about the Realm, and the Sutra of the Universal Bodhisattva, which belong to the Huayan Department, three volumes of the Sutra of the Manjusri Shifu, which belong to the Treasure Department, one volume of the Sutra of Ten Kinds of Karmas, which belong to the Mahayana Law Department, and four volumes of the Dharma Sutra of Guanyin Bodhisattva's Secret Divine Mantra, which belong to the Secret Department; In addition, there is a volume of the Merit and Virtue Sutra of the Right Round Buddha Tower and the Mahayana Four Dharma Sutra. Shamen Bolun and Xuangui also participated in the reception, and Jia Yingfu, the crown prince Zhongshe, supervised the translation.

According to Kaiyuan Record, he translated a total of 19 volumes of scriptures.

4、 Bodhisattva, the king of Tibet, came to Jiuhua Mountain at the same time

Zhuge Changqing has made a major discovery in his research on the Tibetan king Bodhisattva and the Tibetan scriptures. That is, when Shicha Nanda came to China to translate the Sutra of the Earth, the crown prince of Sinra (now central Korea), who was reincarnated by the Bodhisattva of the Earth, left the palace and came to Jiuhua Mountain to devote himself to practice, making Jiuhua Mountain become the Buddhist monastery of the Bodhisattva of the Earth.

Jiuhua Mountain is famous around the world as a Buddhist monastery of the earth's hidden bodhisattva. Dizang Bodhisattva, whose common name is Jin, was originally a royal family of the kingdom of Silla (today's central Korea) (Zhuge Changqing: is the reincarnation of Dizang Bodhisattva). In the Tang Dynasty, he crossed the sea to China and lived in seclusion in the Jiuhua Mountain. He sat alone in a stone room, fed on white soil and millet, and then built a land structure to form a large kalan. Jiuhua Mountain, 20 kilometers southwest of Qingyang County, Anhui Province, is one of the famous Buddhist shrines in China. It is known as the four famous Buddhist mountains in China together with Wutai in Shanxi, Emei in Sichuan and Putuo in Zhejiang. Jiuhua Mountain rises in the east of the Yangtze River. Within a radius of more than 100 kilometers, the peaks are listed, with nine main peaks towering into the clouds, such as the cut lotus flower. The highest peak, 15 peaks, is 1342 meters above sea level.

It is said in later generations that the Golden Earth Treasure is the manifestation of the Earth Treasure Bodhisattva, and the Jiuhua Mountain is famous for the Earth Treasure Bodhisattva ashram. The oldest temple in Jiuhua Mountain was built in the early years of Tang Zhide (756). By the end of the Tang Dynasty, thirteen temples, including Jiuzi Temple, Miaofeng Temple, Yuanji Temple, Jingbei Temple, Chongsheng Temple, and Ciren Temple, had been built in succession. After Jin Dizang, eminent monks included Shengyu, Daoming, Zhiying, Daoji, Chaoyong, Zhuo Temple, etc. In the late Tang Dynasty, when Zen was introduced into Jiuhua, the Taoist Zen master was one of the disciples. In the Song Dynasty, Jiuhua Mountain Buddhism was developed, with more than 50 temples. In the Yuan Dynasty, because the rulers worshipped Lamaism, Jiuhua Mountain Buddhism had no great development and basically maintained the situation in the Song Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jiuhua Mountain Buddhism entered a prosperous period. The imperial court has sent envoys to award awards, build temples and temples, and greatly promote offerings, making the whole mountain incense prosperous and superior to the rest of the world. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 150 temples in the whole mountain. Since the Republic of China, Jiuhuashan Temple has risen and declined several times after the war. Until Jiuhua Mountain coexists with 70 temples.

Every year, the 30th of July (the 20th day of the month) of Jiuhua Mountain is the birthday of the Tibetan Bodhisattva. According to legend, it is the day when the Tibetan monk of Jiuhua Mountain died and became a Taoist priest. Over the years, the monks of Jiuhua Mountain will hold a grand celebration on this day, which is called the "Tibetan Dharma Association". During the festival, the monks will recite the "Sutra of the Earth's Treasure Bodhisattva". Guarding the Golden Earth Hidden Body Tower. The Dharma Society generally lasts for 7 days (from July 30 to August 6). On the perfect day, a fast is set up for the public to form a good relationship. During the Dharma session, there were believers such as the "Centenary Society" who collectively worshipped the mountains.

Today, we can see the Dizang Sutra, and we really want to thank Shicha Nanda for his contribution.

Zhuge Changqing: This article refers to the network information

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of the traditional culture of Chinese sages and sages, is willing to work with like-minded people in the world to "inherit Chinese culture, promote good morality, revitalize China, and benefit the world".

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

地藏经，唐朝武则天时代进入中国，由实叉难陀翻译的。

----- 诸葛长青

中国经典，浩如烟海。

无量圣人，现身中国。

中华大地，是一片神奇的土地。

这里物华天宝，人杰地灵，处处洋溢着文化的智慧之光。

国学传统文化研究者诸葛长青认为，要理解中国，必须首先了解中国文化。

因为中国文化是包含天地人的学问。

今天，诸葛长青和大家说一说国学经典《地藏经》。

地藏经、地藏王菩萨，是大家都很熟悉的。

随着文化的深层融合，《地藏经》成为中国国学传统文化的重要组成部分。

那么，这部《地藏经》是谁翻译的呢？是什么因缘来到中国的呢？

一、《地藏经》讲什么？

地藏菩萨本愿经是一种经书。梵文：Kṣitigarbha-bodhisattva-pūrva-praṇidhāna Sūtra 。

【通行本为三卷】又称《地藏本愿经》、《地藏本行经》、《地藏本誓力经》，属于地藏三经之一（其余两部经为《占察善恶业报经》、《大乘大集地藏十轮经》）地藏经收于《大正藏》第十三册。

《地藏经》叙说地藏菩萨之本愿功德，及本生之誓愿，强调地藏菩萨不可思议之大愿力。

《地藏经》记载了释迦牟尼佛在忉利天宫（欲界六天的第二层天），为母亲摩耶夫人说法，赞扬了地藏菩萨“地狱不空，誓不成佛，众生度尽，方证菩提”的宏大誓愿，并介绍了地藏菩萨在因地修行过程中的典型事例。

诸葛长青研究发现，《地藏经》，是佛祖释迦牟尼佛开示，赞叹地藏王菩萨修行的经典，讲了很多修行的方法，堪称是修行的指路明灯，很多高僧大德、文人墨客，都很重视修行这部经典。

二、《地藏经》是谁翻译的？

诸葛长青研究发现，《地藏经》是“实叉难陀”翻译的。

我们打开《地藏经》，上面写着“唐于阗国三藏沙门实叉难陀译”。

这段话简单翻译就是：

唐朝。西北部于阗国。精通三藏的法师。实叉难陀。翻译。

下面，诸葛长青进行详细讲解：

1.唐 = 唐朝；

唐，是李渊有天下的国号。因为李渊先在晋陽，晋陽是陶唐氏的旧都，所以封为唐王，到了受隋禅以后，统一天下，就称唐朝。唐朝（618年—907年），是继隋朝之后的大一统中原王朝，共历二十一帝，享国二百八十九年。隋末天下群雄并起，617年唐国公李渊于晋阳起兵，次年称帝建立唐朝，定都长安。

唐太宗继位后开创贞观之治，为盛唐奠定基础。

唐高宗承贞观遗风开创“永徽之治”，并于657年建东都洛阳 。

690年，武则天改国号为周，705年神龙革命后，恢复唐国号。

唐玄宗即位后缔造全盛的开元盛世，天宝末全国人口达八千万左右。止于907年。

2.于阗国 = 唐代西北部的一个佛教小国。

于阗(tian)国（前232—1006年）是古代西域佛教王国，中国唐代安西都护府安西四镇之一。

于阗是西域的国名，字的含义叫做“地乳”，起因是他的国祖饮用地上涌出来的乳而生长的，为了纪念这件事，因此叫于阗。于阗国的地点，在现今新疆的天山南路。

君主国姓为尉迟（读音yù chí），因仰慕唐朝，有两位君主改姓李，他们分别是尉迟僧乌波（李圣天)、尉迟苏拉（李从德）国祚长达1238年。

亲历于阗国的唐玄奘在《大唐西域记》中叙述于阗：“自兹已降，奕世相承，传国君临，不失其绪”。可知尉迟氏家族在长达千年的时间里，控制着于阗政权。古代居民属于操印欧语系的吐火罗人。1006年被喀喇汗国吞并，逐渐伊斯兰化。11世纪，人种和语言逐渐回鹘化。

3.三藏 = 佛教“经藏、律藏、论藏”

三藏，是对译经师--翻译经典的法师--称赞的道号。

三藏，是佛教经典的总称，佛教经典，共有三大集，叫做“三藏”。

经藏是佛说法的记录；律藏是佛教的禁令规则和解释的书；论藏是佛和弟子讨论教义的记录。

因这三大集的经典，形式上是包含许多的卷帙，实质上是包含许多的道理，所以叫做藏。

诸葛长青研究发现，古往今来，人们把精通三藏的出家修行高僧大德称为“三藏”。

譬如，唐僧唐玄奘，就被称为“唐三藏”。

3.沙门 = 出家修道之人

沙门是梵语，沙门是出家修道人的通称。

诸葛长青认为，这个沙门就是一个统称，举个例子：就好像中国把出家人叫做“和尚”、道家把出家人叫做“道士”，儒家把精进儒学者叫做“同学”。

沙门的基本内在意思是“勤息”，即“勤修道业、息诸烦恼”的意思。

诸葛长青认为，沙门的内涵“勤息”，就是提醒修行者要勤奋修行、精进道业、熄灭烦恼、最终成佛。

沙门的梵语： s/raman!a，巴利语saman!a。音译室罗末拏、舍啰摩拏、室摩那拏、沙迦懑囊。乃西域方言（龟兹语sama^ne，于阗语 samana^）之转音。又作沙门那、沙闻那、娑门、桑门、丧门。意译勤劳、功劳、劬劳、勤恳、静志、净志、息止、息心、息恶、勤息、修道、贫道、乏道。为出家者之总称，通于内、外二道。亦即指剃除须发，止息诸恶，善调身心，勤行诸善，期以行趣涅盘之出家修道者。

诸葛长青研究认为，因为翻译者“实叉难陀”，从于阗国来到大唐，他本来就精通于阗语 samana，所以，就用谐音翻译成“沙门”。

为何把出家修道者叫沙门呢？

诸葛长青研究认为，这起源于佛祖释迦牟尼的开示。

佛祖释迦牟尼佛管理庞大的僧团，出家修行的人很多，各自姓名不同，彼此之间称呼起来很麻烦，所以就定名为统一的称号“沙门”。诸葛长青认为，佛祖释迦牟尼佛的这一决定很重要，从此，有了统一称呼。这个称呼，也好像我们所有上学的学生，统称为“同学”一样。

《僧祗律》中，佛对比丘们说：“譬如恒河，遥扶那萨罗摩醯，流入大海，皆失本名，合为一味，名为大海；汝等如是，各舍本姓，皆同一姓，沙门释子。”（卷二十八）；

《佛说海八德经》中佛说：“吾道弘大，合众为一，帝王种、梵志种、君子种、下贱种，来作沙门者，皆弃本姓。”

《恒水经》中，佛告诸弟子们说：“有若干辈各自道说言：我种豪贵，如贵，富乐贫贱，当如五江水入海；若干辈为佛作弟子，皆当弃本名字，乃为佛弟子耳。”

4.实叉难陀 = 于阗国的高僧大德

实叉难陀（公元652～710年）梵名Sikshananda ，又作施乞叉难陀。译作学喜、喜学。唐于阗（今新疆和田）人，以通大小乘学和外论著名。为唐代译经三藏。于阗（新疆和阗）人。善大、小二乘，旁通异学。

实叉难陀，曾翻译《华严经》、《楞伽经》、《十善业道经》等经典。

诸葛长青认为，实叉难陀是佛菩萨再来，精通佛学，令人敬仰。

《地藏经》，是实叉难陀，应武则天邀请，到中国后翻译出来的。

话说，唐朝武则天圣历二年，则天后听说于阗有完备的《华严经》梵本，即遣使访求并聘请译人。

于阗国王闻武后喜欢佛法，敬重经典，所以差沙门实叉难陀，把《华严经》联同《地藏经》等一齐送到中国来。

武则天受了这部经，就命这位沙门翻译成了华文，是这部《地藏经》出世的因缘。

实叉难陀于证圣元年（695）到达洛阳，住在内廷大遍空寺，与菩提流志、义净等，于东都大内大遍空寺重译《华严》，是即新译华严经八十卷。

武后很重视佛经翻译工作，开始还亲自参加。

实叉难陀后来又在洛阳三阳宫、佛授记寺、长安清禅寺等处续译诸经。

长安四年（704），他以母亲年迈，请求归省，朝廷特派御史霍嗣光送他回归于阗。

唐中宗即位，再度邀请他到长安，住大荐福寺。未遑翻译，即患病，于睿宗景云元年（710）十月卒，享年五十九。

他于圆寂后一个月荼毗，舍利由他的门人悲智和唐使哥舒道元护归原籍。

后人在长安荼毗难陀处建起七层浮图以为纪念，号称华严三藏塔。

实叉难陀来华的主要工作就是翻译于阗所传的大本《华严》，他在大遍空寺主译《华严》时，由菩提流支和义净同读梵本，参加笔受、证义的有弘景、圆测、神英、法宝、法藏等，缀文的为复礼，至圣历二年（699）完毕，共计八十卷。

接着又于久视元年（700）在洛阳三阳宫重译《大乘入楞伽经》七卷，由沙门复礼、法藏等笔受、缀文，至长安四年厘定。

以上两经，武后都亲制序文弘扬。在此期间，他还译出属于华严部的《入如来智德不思议经》、《如来不思议境界经》和《普贤菩萨所说经》各一卷，属于宝积部的《文殊师利授记经》三卷，属于大乘律部的《十善业道经》一卷，属于秘密部的《观世音菩萨秘密藏神咒经》等陀罗尼经四种、四卷；另有《右绕佛塔功德经》和《大乘四法经》各一卷。参加笔受的还有沙门波仑、玄轨等，监护译事的是太子中舍人贾膺福。

据《开元录》载，他译的经共计十九部，一百零七卷。

四、地藏王菩萨分身同时代来到九华山

诸葛长青研究地藏王菩萨和地藏经，有一个重大发现。那就是，就在实叉难陀来中国翻译《地藏经》的时候，地藏王菩萨分身投胎的新罗国（今朝鲜中部）太子，离开王宫，来九华山潜心修行，使九华山成为地藏王菩萨道场。

九华山作为地藏菩萨道场而闻名于世。地藏菩萨俗姓金，原为新罗国（今朝鲜中部）王族（诸葛长青：是地藏王菩萨分身投胎），唐时渡海来到中国，幽栖九华山中，孤坐石室，以白土和小米为食，后置地构宇，形成一大伽蓝。九华山位于安徽省青阳县西南二十公里，是中国著名的佛教圣地之一，与山西五台 、四川峨眉、 浙江普陀并称中国佛教四大名山。九华山崛起于长江之东，方圆一百多公里内，群峰罗列，九座主峰高耸入云，如莲华削成，最高峰十五峰海拔一千三百四十二米。

后世相传金地藏是地藏菩萨示现，九华山遂以地藏菩萨道场著称。九华山中最古老的化 寺建于唐至德初年(756)。至唐末，陆续修建了九子寺、妙峰寺、圆寂寺、净倍寺、崇圣寺、慈仁寺等十三座寺庙， 高僧继金地藏后，有胜瑜、道明、智英、道济、超永、卓庵等。晚唐时禅宗传入九华，道济禅师即门徒之一。宋代，九华山佛教得到发展，寺院已达五十余座。元代，由于统治者崇奉喇嘛教，九华山佛教无大发展，基本保持宋时状况，明清两 代，九华山佛教进入隆盛时期。朝廷多次遣使颁赏，修庙建寺，大兴供养，使得 全山香火兴旺，胜甲天下。至清末，全山寺庙达一百五十余座。自民国至今，历经战火，九华山寺院几度兴衰。直到九华山共存寺庙七十座。

九华山每年七月三十日（月小二十日）为地藏菩萨诞辰日，相传是九华山僧地藏圆寂、成道日。历年九华山僧众都要在这一天举行隆重的庆祝活动，称“地藏法会”。节日期间，僧众要诵《地藏菩萨本愿经》。守金地藏肉身塔。法会一般历时7天（七月三十日至八月初六日），圆满之日设斋供众，广结善缘。法会期间，民间有“百子会”等信众集体朝山进香。

今天，我们能看到《地藏经》，着实要感谢实叉难陀的贡献。

诸葛长青：本文参考网络资料

  诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国圣贤国学传统文化研究传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“传承国学、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com） 

 (This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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