Xia, the son of Confucius' excellent disciple, understands the Book of Changes, runs schools, and teaches emperors

孔子优秀弟子之子夏：懂周易、办学校、帝王师

There are many Confucius disciples. Zi Xia is an excellent student who is very similar to Confucius in all aspects.

-----Zhuge Changqing

There are many saints in the Chinese nation.

Confucius, one of them, is known as Dacheng's greatest teacher and teacher of all ages.

The Confucianism established by Confucius affects the past, present and future of the Chinese nation.

The emperors of China, such as Li Shimin, Kangxi, Qianlong, and so on, have praised Confucius and granted him titles.

Confucius has boundless merits and virtues.

It is amazing that he only offers private education.

People praised Confucius and said, "Three thousand disciples and seventy-two sages".

Zhuge Changqing will select some excellent disciples of Confucius to make a brief introduction.

Today, I'd like to introduce Zixia to you.

Zixia, this person is not simple, diligent and studious, proficient in the Book of Changes and Confucius Thought. The whole Analects of Confucius has Zixia's great contribution.

After the death of Confucius, Zixia began to run school independently. He was the teacher of many celebrities at that time, such as the military strategist Wu Qi, the founding monarch of the State of Wei, Wei Wenhou, Wu Qi, Tian Zifang, Li Ju, Duan Ganmu, and Gongyanggao.

Zixia, surnamed Bu, named Shang, and named Zixia. Later also known as "Bu Zixia" and "Mr. Bu".

In the Spring and Autumn Period, a native of Jin, an outstanding student of Confucius, one of the "Ten Philosophers of Confucius" and one of the "seventy-two sages".

The "Ten Philosophers of Confucius", namely the ten most outstanding disciples of Confucius, are as follows:

Yan Hui, Min Dama, Ran Geng, Ran Yong, Ran Qiu, Zhongyou, Zai Yu, Duanmu Ci, Yan Yan, Bu Shang are collectively known as the "Ten Philosophies of Confucius".

People praise these ten people as ten philosophies based on the Analects of Confucius: "virtue: Yan Yuan, Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong; speech: kill me, Zi Gong; political affairs: Ran You, Ji Lu; literature: Zi You, Zi Xia."

Zixia is intelligent and can think creatively.

The famous folk sayings, "All are brothers within the four seas", "Life and death, wealth and honor are in heaven", are created by Zixia.

These original words are recorded in the Analects of Confucius - Yan Yuan.

Sima Niuyu said, "Everyone has brothers, and I die alone."

Zixia said, "It's true that business has heard that life and death have their own destiny, and wealth and honor are in heaven. A gentleman is respectful and has no loss, and he is respectful and courteous to others. All the people in the world are brothers. Why does a gentleman have no brothers?"

According to the calculation of "the youngest Confucius is 44 years old" in the Records of the Historian, he was born in the 13th year of King Jing of Zhou, and the age of death is unknown. He went to the Confucius Gate to take up his career. After Confucius returned to Lu in self-defence (484 BC), among the disciples of the Confucius Gate, his generation was later than Yan Yuan, Zhong You, Duan Muci, etc.

When he was young, his family was poor, and he worked hard to become an official. After learning, he became Ju Fu Zai (today's Ju County).

During Zixia's reign in Ju, he expanded Zengzi Lecture Hall into Puzi Academy (at the present Chinese Medicine Academy), which is the earliest and longest ancient academy in Ju.

After the death of Confucius, he came to the West River (now Hejin, Shanxi Province) of the State of Wei to give lectures and teach 300 disciples.

At that time, celebrities such as Li Li, Wu Qi, Tian Zifang, Li Ju, Duan Ganmu, Qin Huali, and Gongyanggao were all his students. Even Duke Wei Wenhou "asked to be happy with Zixia" and respected him as his teacher. This is the famous "Xihe Teaching".

Zhuge Changqing believed that, as an eminent disciple of Confucius, Zixia could be called the "shadow" of Confucius, and could replicate everything of Confucius.

In the sixty or seventy years after Confucius' death, Zixia's school achievements and influence were undoubtedly the greatest. Zixia once accepted disciples to teach, and the number of disciples may be quite large.

"Confucius did not live in the West River, and taught 300 disciples. He was the Marquis of Wei Wen." The Analects of Confucius, Zi Zhang, recorded the dialogue between the "disciples of Zi Xia" and Zi Zhang. "Mozi, Geng Zhu" also recorded the "disciples of Zi Xia". Zixia may have received a large number of disciples in the Wei Dynasty. The "Qin Family Name Chapter" of the "Shiben" said that "Wei has a son, Bo Xian, a son of Xiamen, who lives in the West River"; The Historical Records of Confucianism Biography recorded that: "Since the death of Confucius... Zilu Juwei, Zizhang Juchen, Tantai Ziyu Juchu, Zixia Xihe, Zigong finally came together. Such as Tian Zifang, Duan Ganmu, Wuqi, and Qinhuali, all of them were trained in the family of Zixia and were the masters of the king. At that time, only Duke Wen of Wei was studious." Here is to say that Tian Zifang, Duan Ganmu, Wuqi, and Qinhuali learned from Congzixia and others. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, Respect for Teachers" specifically points out that "Duan Ganmu learned from Zixia".

On the basis of fully inheriting Confucius' educational thought, Zixia's educational thought has also developed and innovated in the aspects of educational teleology, teaching process theory, learning and learning from history, and making beneficial friends with caution. It is an important link in inheriting Confucius, enlightening Xunzi, and the brilliant chapters of the University and the Doctrine of the Mean.

Zixia, 44 years younger than Confucius, is the best of Confucius' later students. He has a quick mind and is famous for literature. He is recognized by Confucius as a highly talented student in his "literature" subject.

Zhuge Changqing's research found that Zixia's progress, in addition to being serious, was that Zixia was good at thinking. For the knowledge of Confucius, Zixia can draw inferences from one instance and think deeply.

Zixia, as a student, was praised by Confucius for his unique opinions.

For example, when asked about the "beautiful smile, beautiful eyes, and always gorgeous" sentence in the Book of Songs, Confucius replied that "the picture is simple", and he immediately reached the conclusion that "the ceremony and music are produced after the benevolence and righteousness". Confucius praised that "the person who gives, the business is also! Only then can we say that the poem is over" (The Analects of Confucius · Eighth,)

However, Confucius believed that Zixia was "inferior" in respect of benevolence and propriety. He once warned Zixia that "women are gentlemen and nothing is villains". (The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye)

Zixia is brilliant and has retained many of his famous maxims in The Analects of Confucius, such as: "erudite and resolute, eager to ask and close to thinking, benevolence is in it"; "A hundred workers live in their places to make their words, and a gentleman learns to make their way"; "The day knows its death, and the month does not forget its ability. It can be said that it is already good to learn"; "Although the path is small, there must be considerable people"; "If you are good at being an official, you will learn; if you are good at learning, you will be an official" and so on.

Some people think that there is "Legalism spirit" in Zixia's thought. Han Feizi said that "Confucianism is divided into eight", which is inferior to the Confucianism of Zixia because it is regarded as Legalism.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was posthumously granted the title of "Duke of Wei", and in the Song Dynasty, he was also granted the title of "Duke of Hedong".

The ancient philosopher Bu Shang, who lived for more than 100 years, is a famous disciple of Confucius. In spreading Confucianism, he independently formed the Zixia School and became an important figure with far-reaching influence among the disciples of Confucius. In his life, he was erudite and devoted, and taught the Five Classics. Most scholars who later ruled the Five Classics believed that their theories were entrusted to the teaching of Bu Shang; He is not only knowledgeable and has made outstanding contributions to the collation and dissemination of ancient documents, but also pays more attention to practice, pays attention to moral cultivation, acts as a model, sets an example, and leaves a good image for future generations; In his later years, he lectured in Xihe, lived in isolation, inherited Confucius' unfinished business, and lived and learned.

"The Historical Records of Confucius Aristocratic Family": "As for the Spring and Autumn Annals, the pen is the pen, and the cut is the cut. The disciples of Zixia cannot praise one word." Affirm his literary ability.

Zixia's life is relatively cold. Shuoyuan Zayan called him "very short of money"; "Xunzi Da Lue" said that "Zixia's family is poor, and his clothes are like hanging quails". But this also created his lonely, arrogant, strong and brave character. He said: "A gentleman is gradually hungry and cold, but not withdrawn; he is willing to fight with five soldiers, but not deterred; when facing major events, he does not forget what he said before."

Others advised him to become an official to change the situation. He said that he would not fight for petty profits, so as not to "lose his hand in fighting for profits like fleas". Zixia said: "I will not be a minister if the princes are proud of me; I will not see the doctors who are proud of me"

Even Yan Ying of the State of Qi has heard about the different characteristics of Confucius disciples.

Yan Ying said in Yan Zi's Spring and Autumn Annals, the first chapter of the book, "When I heard that Zhongni was tired of living in a place where he was not upright, I would be served by Ji Ji and Yuan Xian; when I was depressed and ill, I would be served by Zhong You and Bu Shang; when I was not virtuous and honest, I would be served by Yan Hui, Qian and Yong." When I was with Yan Hui and others, I could accumulate virtue and do good deeds, while when I was with Zi Lu and Zi Xia, I would be free from "Qi depression and disease, and will not be able to". Here Zixia is straightforward and fearless.

Another characteristic of Zixia is that he has certain choices when making friends, so Confucius predicted that Zixia would make more progress after his death.

In Shuoyuan · Miscellaneous Words, Confucius said, "After the death of Qiu, the business is also increasing, and the gift is also getting worse. The business is also good for those who are virtuous, and the gift is also good for those who are inferior to themselves."

Zixia is different from Zigong (Duanmuchi). Zixia can learn more from people who are better than him, which is the premise of his continuous progress. The statement in Shuoyuan should be credible, and a record in the Analects of Confucius can be used as evidence.

According to Zi Zhang:

Zixia's disciples asked Zizhang. Zi Zhang said, "Where is the cloud of Zi Xia?" The other said, "Zi Xia said, 'If you can do it, you can't do it.'" Zi Zhang said, "It's different from what I've heard: a gentleman respects virtue while tolerating others, and a gentleman appreciates virtue but cannot be reserved. What can I do with my great virtue? If I don't do it, people will reject me, and what can I do with it?"

Mencius was quoted in Lunheng Zhishi as saying: "Zi Xia, Zi You and Zi Zhang are all saints, while Ran Niu, Min Ziqian and Yan Yuan are all small and concrete." Then he commented: "In their lives, all the six sons have the talent of saints, either quite without it, or with it but not clear, but all of them are saints, and saints can be expected to succeed." Zi Xia has saints without it, which is somewhat different from Yan Yuan and others. The Book of Rites of Dadai · General Wei Wenzi records Zigong's comment on Zixia: "It is a trip of divining merchants to learn deeply, to be resolute, to be respectful, to make friends with friends, and to have silver hands broken." This basically summarizes Zixia's personality characteristics.

Since the Han Dynasty, most scholars believe that Confucian classics were originally taught from the Zixia family. For example, Xu Fang of the Eastern Han Dynasty said, "The Book of Songs, the Book of Songs, the Book of Rites, and the Music were determined by Confucius; the invention of chapters and sentences began from Zixia." (The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Xu Fang's Biography) Here, it is believed that most of the "Six Classics" were taught by Zixia. Hong Mai of the Southern Song Dynasty described it more concretely in his "Rongzhai Essays", It goes like this: "Confucius disciples, only Zixia has a unique book in the sutras. Although the miscellaneous words in the biography cannot be fully believed, it is necessary to be different from others. In the Book of Changes, there is a biography. In the Book of Songs, there is a preface. In the study of Mao's Poems, there is one cloud: Zixia teaches Gao Xingzi, four spreads to the little Duke Mao, and one cloud: Zixia Chuanzeng Shen, five spreads to the big Duke Mao. In the Book of Rites, there is an article called" Etiquette · Funeral Clothes ". Ma Rong, Wang Su, and other Confucian scholars have many instructions. In the Spring and Autumn Annals As the saying goes, "I can't praise you", and Gai is also engaged in it. Ram Gao Shi received it from Zixia. Huliang Chi is also a member of Xiamen people in Yunzi. In the Analects of Confucius, Zheng Kangcheng thought Zhong Gong. It was written by Zixia. "Although Hong Mai's theory may not be true in everything, scholars generally think it is not nonsense.

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to work with like-minded people in the world to "inherit traditional Chinese culture, promote good morality, revitalize China, and benefit the society".

Reference materials of this article: Confucian Confucius, Zixia network information, Zhuge Changqing's research on Zixia, etc.

This article is a research article on the traditional culture of Zhuge Changqing's traditional Chinese culture.

Welcome to forward and reprint. Please indicate the source of forwarding.

孔子弟子众多，子夏，是各方面都很像孔子的一个优秀学生。

----- 诸葛长青

  中华民族，有许多圣人。

  孔子，是其中一位，被称为---大成至圣先师、万世师表。

  孔子建立的儒家思想，影响中华民族的过去现在和未来。

  我国历代帝王，像李世民、康熙、乾隆等对孔子都有赞叹、敕封等。

  孔子功德无量无边。

  仅仅他开办私学教育，就令人叹为观止。

  人们赞叹孔子说，“弟子三千、贤者七十二”。

  诸葛长青将选择孔子部分优秀弟子做简单介绍。

  今天，给大家介绍的是子夏。

  子夏，这个人不简单，勤奋好学，精通周易，精通孔子思想，整部《论语》有子夏大功劳。

  孔子逝世后，子夏开始独立办学，是军事家吴起、魏国开国国君魏文侯、吴起、田子方、李悝、段干木、公羊高等当时诸多名人的老师。

  子夏，姓卜，名商，字子夏。后亦称"卜子夏"、"卜先生"。

  春秋时晋国人，孔子优秀学生，“孔门十哲”之一，“七十二贤”之一。  

  “孔门十哲”，即孔子门下最杰出的十位弟子，依次是：

  颜回、闵损、冉耕、冉雍、冉求、仲由、宰予、端木赐、言偃、卜商，合称“孔门十哲”。

  人们把这十人赞叹为十哲，是依据《论语·先进》：“德行：颜渊、闵子骞、冉伯牛、仲弓；言语：宰我、子贡；政事：冉有、季路；文学：子游、子夏。”

  子夏天资聪慧，能够创新思维。

  民间流传的名句“四海之内皆兄弟”“死生有命，富贵在天”等，都是子夏创造的。

   《论语·颜渊》篇里，记载这些原话。

  司马牛忧曰：“人皆有兄弟，我独亡。”

  子夏曰：“商闻之矣：死生有命，富贵在天。君子敬而无失，与人恭而有礼，四海之内皆兄弟也。君子何患乎无兄弟也？”

  依《史记》“少孔子四十四岁”推算，当生于周敬王十三年，卒年不详。他到孔门受业，在孔子自卫返鲁（公元前484年）之后，所以在孔门诸弟子中，他的行辈较颜渊、仲由、端木赐等为后。

   少时家贫，苦学而入仕，学成后仕鲁为莒父宰（今莒县）。

  子夏在仕莒期间，将曾子讲堂扩大而成卜子书院(在今中医院处)，是莒地建立最早、延续时间最长的古书院。

  孔子逝世后，他来到魏国的西河（今山西河津）讲学，授徒三百。

  当时的名流李俚、吴起、田子方、李悝、段干木、禽滑厘、公羊高等都是他的学生，连魏文侯都“问乐于子夏”，尊他为师，这就是有名的“西河设教”。

  诸葛长青认为，作为孔子的高徒，子夏堪称是孔子的“影子”，能复制孔子一切。

  在孔子去世后的六七十年间,子夏的办学成就与影响无疑是最大的。子夏曾经收徒授学，所收门徒可能为数不少。

  《后汉书》卷四十四《徐防传》注引《史记》曰:"孔子没，子夏居西河，教弟子三百人，为魏文侯师。"《论语·子张》中记有"子夏之门人"与子张的对话，《墨子·耕柱》也有关于"子夏之徒"的记载。子夏在魏时所收弟子可能为数不少，《世本》之《秦本·姓氏篇》称"魏有子伯先，子夏门人，居西河";《史记·儒林列传》则记曰:"自孔子卒后……子路居卫，子张居陈，澹台子羽居楚，子夏居西河，子贡终于齐。如田子方、段干木、吴起、禽滑厘之属，皆受业于子夏之伦，为王者师。是时，独魏文侯好学。"这里是说田子方、段干木、吴起、禽滑厘都跟从子夏等人学习。《吕氏春秋·尊师》则具体指出了"段干木学于子夏"。 

  子夏的教育思想在全面继承孔子的教育思想基础上,又在教育目的论、教学过程论、学习和借鉴历史、慎交益友等方面有发展创新,是上承孔子、下启荀子和《大学》、《中庸》等光辉篇章的重要一环。

  子夏少孔子四十四岁，是孔子后期学生中之佼佼者，才思敏捷，以文学著称，被孔子许为其"文学"科的高才生。

  诸葛长青研究发现，子夏的进步，除了认真之外，就是子夏善于思考。对于孔子教的知识，子夏能够举一反三、深入思考。

  子夏为学时，因常有独到见解而得到孔子的赞许。

  如其问《诗经》中"巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮，素以为绚兮"一句，孔子答以"绘事后素"，他立即得出"礼后乎"(即礼乐产生在仁义之后)的结论，孔子赞曰:"起予者，商也!始可以言《诗》已矣。" (《论语·八佾》)

  但孔子认为子夏在遵循仁和礼的方面有所"不及"，曾告诫子夏曰:"女为君子儒，无为小人儒"。(《论语·雍也》)

  子夏才气过人，《论语》中保留了他的许多著名的格言，如:"博学而笃志，切问而近思，仁在其中矣";"百工居其肆以成其言，君子学以致其道";"日知其所亡，月无忘其所能，可谓好学也已矣";"虽小道，必有可观者焉";"仕而优则学，学而优则仕"等等。 

  近人有以为子夏思想中具有"法家精神"，韩非子称"儒分为八"不及子夏之儒，是因为将之视为法家。

  唐玄宗时，被追封为"魏侯"，宋代时又加封为"河东公"。

  活了一百多岁的卜商先哲，是孔子的著名弟子，在传播儒家学说上，独立形成子夏氏一派，成为孔门弟子中有深远影响的重要人物。他一生中博学笃志，传授五经，后世治五经的学者，大都认为他们的学说托之于卜商的传授;他不但学识渊博，整理和传播古代文献有着杰出的贡献，他更重视躬行实践，讲究道德修养，为人师表，以身作则，为后人留下良好的形象;他晚年西河讲学，离群索居，继承孔子的未竟事业，活到老，学到老。

  《史记·孔子世家》:"至于为《春秋》，笔则笔，削则削，子夏之徒不能赞一辞。"肯定其文学能力。

  子夏的生活较为清寒。《说苑·杂言》称他为人"甚短于财";《荀子·大略》则说"子夏家贫，衣若悬鹑"。但这也造就了他的孤独傲慢和坚强勇敢的性格特征，他说:"君子渐于饥寒，而志不僻;銙于五兵，而辞不慑;临大事，不忘昔席之言。"

  别人劝他出仕以改变处境，他表示不愿去争蝇头小利，以免"争利如蚤甲而丧其掌"，子夏表示:"诸侯之骄我者，吾不为臣;大夫之骄我者，吾不复见"

  孔门弟子的不同特征，连齐国的晏婴都有耳闻。

  《晏子春秋·内篇问上》记晏婴曰:"臣闻仲尼居处情倦，廉隅不正，则季次、原宪侍；气郁而疾，意志不通，则仲由、卜商侍；德不盛，行不厚，则颜回、骞、雍侍。"与颜回等人在一起可以积德行善，而与子路、子夏在一起，则可以免于"气郁而疾，意志不通"。在这里子夏为人爽直，无所畏惧的特征被突出地体现出来。

  子夏还有一个特点，就是在交友时有一定的选择，所以孔子预言自己去世后子夏会更进步。

  《说苑·杂言》记孔子曰:"丘死之后，商也日益，赐也日损。商也好与贤己者处，赐也还说(悦)不如己者。"

  子夏与子贡(端木赐)不同，子夏与比自己强的人交往，可以学到更多的东西，这正是自己不断进步的前提。《说苑》这里的说法应当是可信的，《论语》中的一段记载正可以作为佐证。

《子张》记曰:

  子夏之门人问交于子张。子张曰:"子夏云何?"对曰:"子夏曰'可者与之，其不可者拒之。'"子张曰:"异于吾所闻:君子尊贤而容众，嘉善而矜不能。我之大贤与，于人何所不容?我之不贤与，人将拒我，如之何拒人也?"

  《论衡·知实》引《孟子》曰:"子夏、子游、子张，得圣人之一体;冉牛、闵子骞、颜渊，具体而微。"然后评论说:"六子在其世，皆有圣人之才，或颇有而不具，或备有而不明，然皆称圣人，圣人可勉成也。"子夏有圣人一体而不具，与颜渊等人还有一些区别。《大戴礼记·卫将军文子》记有子贡对子夏的评论:"学以深，厉以断，送迎必敬，上友下交，银手如断，是卜商之行也。"这基本概括了子夏的为人性格特征。

  汉代以来，学者大多认为，儒家的经学最初主要是从子夏一系传授下来的，如东汉徐防说过:"《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》，定自孔子;发明章句，始自子夏。" (《后汉书·徐防传》)这里就认为，"六经"中的大部分是来自子夏的传授。南宋的洪迈，在其《容斋随笔》中叙述得更为具体，其云:"孔子弟子，惟子夏于诸经独有书。虽传记杂言未可尽信，然要为与他人不同矣。于《易》则有《传》。于《诗》则有《序》。而《毛诗》之学，一云:子夏授高行子，四传而至小毛公，一云:子夏传曾申，五传而至大毛公。于《礼》则有《仪礼·丧服》一篇，马融、王肃诸儒多为之训说。于《春秋》所云'不能赞一辞'，盖亦尝从事于斯矣。公羊高实受之于子夏。毂梁赤者，《风俗通》亦云子夏门人。于《论语》，则郑康成以为仲弓。子夏所撰定也。"洪迈之说虽未必每事皆实，但学者一般以为亦非无稽之谈。

  诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“传承国学、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福社会”。

  本文参考资料：儒学孔子、子夏网络资料、诸葛长青研究子夏资料等。

  本文是诸葛长青国学传统文化研究文章。

  欢迎转发转载，转发请注明出处。  

 (This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

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1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向