Sun Tzu's wisdom of military technology: Sun Tzu's military technology and enterprise management

Sun Tzu's wisdom of military technology: Sun Tzu's military technology and enterprise management

孙子兵法智慧：孙子兵法与企业管理

Sun Tzu's art of war is the great wisdom of China's strategic culture.

-----Zhuge Changqing

The Chinese nation is a wise nation.

If you have any needs and desires in life, learn Chinese culture.

If you want to have strategic thinking and tactical needs, if you want to cultivate the integrity of the country and the world, if you want to improve the level of enterprise management and promote marketing, if you want to become an excellent leader and lead your army across the world, if you want to keep your heart calm and free from worries, if you want to have a happy marriage and a harmonious family Zhuge Changqing suggested taking time to seriously study the wisdom of Chinese culture!

You will be shocked by the charm of Chinese culture----

Chinese Confucian culture, Chinese Buddhist culture, Chinese Taoist culture, Chinese military culture, Confucius ideological system, Sakyamuni Buddha ideological system, Lao Tzu ideological system, Jiang Taigong's strategy of stabilizing the country, Gui Guzi's manoeuvre, Sun Tzu's "Art of War", Confucius's self-cultivation, ruling the country and the world, Zhuge Liang's strategy, Qin Shihuang's hegemony, Mao Zedong's four volumes of Xiongwen, Li Shimin's love for talent Zeng Guofan's forbearance, Chen Tuan's generosity, Zhang Tianshi's boldness, the spirit of the Eight Immortals, Wang Chongyang's fighting spirit It will shock you, enlighten you and make you suddenly enlightened.

Sun Wu's Art of War is one of the wisdom of Chinese culture.

Sun Tzu's art of war, whether you use it in war, politics, economy, enterprise management, marketing and other aspects, will have immediate results. Zhuge Changqing believed that Sun Tzu should read the art of war at least several times when studying Chinese culture. Sun Wu wrote Sun Tzu's art of war not only for the sake of war, but for the purpose of stopping the war. Therefore, Sun Tzu's art of war repeatedly emphasized the "use of military force to attack the enemy".

Sun Tzu's Art of War, also known as Sun Wu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Book of War, Sun Wu's Book of War, etc., is the earliest existing military book in China and also the earliest military book in the world, and is known as the "Military Canon". It shows the philosophy of Taoism and strategists everywhere. There are about 6000 words in total, and a total of 13 articles.

Zhuge Changqing's research found that senior politicians, enterprises, military officers, West Point Military Academy, the Pentagon, military intelligence agencies, and think tanks in western countries are all learning Sun Tzu's Art of War. The Japanese, who have some cultural thoughts, are studying Sun Tzu's Art of War, The Analects of Confucius, The Tao Te Ching, etc.

Kazuo Inamori, a famous contemporary Japanese entrepreneur, Buddhist and philosopher, is surprised that the Chinese people do not read Sun Tzu's art of war, the Analects of Confucius and other classical Chinese classics! Kazuo Inamori believes that his success depends on Chinese culture.

The rise of Japan depends on the wisdom of Chinese traditional culture. amitabha.

In order to realize the Chinese dream, to run to a better future, and to realize their great leap, Zhuge Changqing suggested that those who are destined to see more of Mao Zedong Thought, Mao Zedong Selections, Sun Tzu's Art of War, the Analects of Confucius, the University, the Doctrine of the Mean, the Tao Te Ching, the Vajra Sutra, the Dizang Sutra, the Fahua Sutra, the Shurangama Sutra, the Heart Sutra, the Sixth Ancestral Tanra and other classics of traditional Chinese cultural wisdom, Watch more classic movies and TV dramas such as Journey to the West, Journey to the East, Legend of Heaven and Earth, Mazu Empress, Confucius, Goddess List, Legend of Ghost Valley, Sun Tzu's Art of War and Thirty-six Strategies, and Da Shun.

The Art of War of Sun Tzu is a brilliant treasure in China's ancient military cultural heritage and an important part of excellent traditional culture. Its broad and profound content, profound thinking, meticulous and rigorous logic are the concentrated embodiment of the essence of ancient military thought.

The author is Sun Wu, a general of the State during the Spring and Autumn Period (from Huimin in Shandong Province).

Sun Tzu's Art of War is regarded as a classic of strategists. It has a history of 2500 years since its birth, and has been studied throughout the ages. Li Shimin said, "Look at the books of soldiers, and there is no Sun Wu.". The art of war is strategy, which is not a small trick, but a big strategy and great wisdom. Today, Sun Tzu's art of war has gone global. It has also been translated into many languages and plays an important role in the world military history. The bamboo slips of Sun Tzu's Art of War were unearthed in Linyi.

Sun Tzu's Art of War is a strategic idea that can be applied in different industries, such as military, political and economic. Here, Zhuge Changqing shared the book "Reading Sun Tzu's Art of War on Enterprise Management" written by "the trendsetter of the times" with the predestined.

Sun Tzu's Art of War, written by Sun Wu, a famous strategist at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, marks the highest achievement of ancient research in China. Among them, the management thought is not only suitable for leading the army to fight, but its internal thoughts and ideas are very developable and can be used for reference in all fields. Especially in the context of increasingly complex external environment and increasingly fierce competition, many enterprises have learned and referred to Sun Tzu's Art of War in the process of operation and management.

In the vast ocean of ancient military books in China, Sun Tzu's Art of War, written by Sun Wu, a famous military strategist at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, is undoubtedly a bright pearl. It marks the highest achievement in the study of ancient military science in China. Among them, the management thought is not only suitable for leading the army to fight, but also suitable for today's harmonious management, leaving valuable wealth for future generations, and has become the focus and hotspot in the study of ancient Chinese management thought at present.

The influence of this famous book has gone far beyond the country's borders, and many famous foreign strategists have been intoxicated by the extensive and profound Chinese traditional strategic culture. This masterpiece is no longer a war work in a simple sense, but a must read for leaders in political, economic and diplomatic fields.

The application of Sun Tzu's art of war in China's economic field has a long history.

According to the Records of the Historian, it was Bai Gui who first introduced Sun Tzu's Art of War into the operation and management during the Warring States Period. He applied the principles of Sun Wu's military tactics and Shang Yang's tactics to production and management, good at observing the changes of time, and adopted strategies such as "discard others and take others with others", and achieved success. Zhuge Changqing believes that the fundamental role of Sun Tzu's art of war is to let people learn strategic thinking.

At present, many entrepreneurs and economists have a profound understanding of the value of Sun Tzu's art of war in commercial warfare. Xu Erming, dean of the Business School of Renmin University of China, said: "Learning strategy abroad takes Sun Tzu's Art of War as a classic reference book. They think that many ways of thinking in strategy have been solved more than 2000 years ago. In fact, the book foreigners like to read is our Sun Tzu's Art of War." They think this book is very useful. In recent years, many management scholars have found that there are many similarities between enterprise competition and war. They have applied the concept of Sun Tzu's Art of War to management operations. " Lu Yongyue, president of LG China, said: "I like China's Sun Tzu's Art of War. There are many intelligent things in it. It is also very useful for business management." Zhuge Changqing found that many decisions in western political and business circles are using Sun Tzu's Art of War.

The thought of command and organization in Sun Tzu's Art of War. "The marching chapter" said: "order it with the text, Qi with the military". Cao Cao commented: "Wen means benevolence; Wu means law". In today's words, it is necessary to educate the soldiers in a rational way, and to restrict their actions with laws and disciplines. According to "The Moment", "governing the public is like governing the few, and the score is also". Cao Cao's note: "The trilogy is divided into parts, and the number of parts is the number". "Buqu" and "Shiwu" are the organizational names of the ancient army. This sentence means that the management force should rely on its organizational structure to unify the actions of all people, so that it can "govern the public as if it were a few". The article also said: "Fighting the crowd is like fighting the few, and the shape and name are also". Cao Cao's note: "The banner is called shape, and the golden drum is called name". "Banner" and "golden drum" are ancient communication tools used for sending orders and contacting. This sentence means that the commanding force should coordinate the pace of the people by means of communication and communication, so that it can "fight as many as few". A series of discussions on command and organization in Sun Tzu are also instructive for today's enterprise management?! Zhuge Changqing believed that the military strategy is the basis of military strategic commanders. Sun Tzu's Art of War reminds us to strengthen the research and application of strategic thinking.

The idea of creating momentum in Sun Tzu. The so-called momentum building is to create an optimal situation. Sun Tzu's "Shapes" and "Potential" all emphasize this idea. It requires that the "potential of good fighters" be created through command and organization, and this "potential" is "like turning a round stone on a thousand climbing mountains", and the stone borrowing the mountain potential is "irresistible". Sun Tzu also describes various ways to build momentum, such as the combination of troops to the enemy as described in "Nine Places Chapter", and the capture of qi by the three armies as described in "Military Competition Chapter", and so on. This idea and practice of creating momentum should be used for reference in the production and operation activities of enterprises today. In the military struggle, the strength of both sides of the enemy and ours is measured in the battle, while the strength of both sides of the enterprise competition is usually reflected through the product. Therefore, the power of entrepreneurs' momentum should be reflected in the products, that is, who can take the products to the market and withstand the harsh and critical of consumers. Whoever has good quality, low price, high quality, and considerate service that best meets the requirements of consumers will win. In Sun Tzu, we pay attention to the potential of winning the army, which is called "Zhu by posthumous title". "Yi" and "baht" are three generations of weight units. Zhang Prenote: "Twenty liang is Yi, twenty-four baht is two". That is to say, building momentum will create an absolute advantage over the enemy. To build momentum, entrepreneurs need to produce competitive "competitive products" to win over competitors. Zhuge Changqing believes that Western countries use Sun Tzu's art of war to surpass China. They read and study it repeatedly, and then use Sun Tzu's wisdom to mobilize the world. Amitabha, we Chinese people should work hard. Our own grandson's art of war does not learn or use it, but the western countries treat it as a treasure and earnestly implement it.

Sun Tzu's thought of moving for profit. In "Battle", Sun Wu once compared the cost of war with the gain of war, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of slow speed and skillful length of war. He believed that a large amount of manpower, material and financial resources should be invested in the war, and we must strive to win quickly. "Therefore, I have not seen the skillful text before I heard it.". He Yanxi said: "Although speed is slow, it will not cost money; if it is long, it will cause future trouble." It can be seen that Sun Wu is a military strategist with a good economic mind. In terms of the relationship between input and output, he is very efficient. There is also an insightful statement in "The Use of Time" to the effect that sending troops to fight costs a lot of labor and money, the country cannot be peaceful, the people cannot live, and the war lasts for several years. It is to "fight for victory in one day". If the miserly knights and salaries are in the golden age, it is "inhumane, not the general of man, not the assistant of the lord, not the winner". Today, entrepreneurs in production and management, how to arrange input and output, and pay attention to economic benefits; How to produce more products that meet the needs of society with as little living labor and material consumption as possible; How to use funds rationally and dare to use huge amounts of money on the edge? From the above thought of "Sun Tzu", we will get great inspiration. Zhuge Changqing believes that Sun Tzu's art of war is a strategic perspective. It should not be delayed or consumed.

After reading Sun Tzu's Art of War, I feel that the combination with enterprise management can also be divided into several chapters:

Sun Tzu's Art of War, the first chapter of the book, said: "Five things should be taken into consideration in order to improve the cohesion of enterprises.". We should also establish a standard system for enterprise development, namely the so-called "law", because when people are always biased, with restrictions, and clear rewards and punishments, we can achieve the "way" of "making people and the people agree". In terms of "general", Sun Tzu's Art of War says: "wisdom, trust, benevolence, courage, and strictness", which are the basic characteristics of enterprise leaders. The wise man is attached, the believer is returned, the benevolent man loves, the brave man serves, and the strict man understands. Only when the enterprise leader has these qualities can he fully mobilize the potential of enterprise development and realize "the wise man chooses the main thing, the good bird chooses the wood to live." Zhuge Changqing believes that entrepreneurs should carefully analyze the current situation, know themselves and the enemy, and win every battle.

In this article, Sun Tzu's Art of War also puts forward the concept of "potential". In the understanding of "potential", we can use Han Feizi's theory of "potential". Han Feizi said, "The people are subject to the power, and the power is easy to subdue." The people are already subject to the power, and the power is really easy to subdue the people. It is also said that "power is a threat to the public." Power is a means to subdue the public. Han Fei's "power" refers to the power and authority of "winning the masses" and "subduing the people", which is also the formal power in modern management. This power is owned by leaders and managers. Its content is the right to distribute various interests of subordinate members, such as the right to salary, reward and punishment, subsidy, promotion, appointment and removal, and the right to study abroad. This power, * coercion, intimidation, has a certain impact on human behavior. According to Sun Tzu's Art of War, "control power for profit" is used for enterprise management, that is, to use these powers flexibly and flexibly to achieve the purpose of enhancing enterprise cohesion and stimulating enterprise development. Zhuge Changqing suggested that entrepreneurs should learn Sun Tzu's art of war, carefully absorb the essence of wisdom, and build their own momentum.

In the battle section, we constantly update ourselves and improve ourselves in order to eliminate the hostile competitors in the market, and realize the so-called market competition strategy of "supporting the war with war" and "winning the enemy and gaining strength", so as to remain invincible in the market competition. "Use food for the enemy", "take care of the enemy", and learn to use the enemy to make voluntary propaganda or cultivate reserve talents for themselves, which is the only way that a shrewd enterprise manager should adopt to win. Zhuge Changqing believes that entrepreneurs should learn Sun Tzu's military strategy, treat employees sincerely, cultivate civil and military soldiers, and feed the enemy with war.

Human potential is endless. As an enterprise manager, the key lies in how to stimulate the potential work ability of employees and provide effective services for the company reasonably. In the method of "motivation", rewards and punishment are both effective means, focusing on different methods according to the temperament and needs of different objects. Rewards can inspire staff morale and enhance internal cohesion of the enterprise; Punishment can increase the sense of crisis of employees, make them fight against each other, put them to death and make them survive. Sun Tzu's Art of War says: "Reward the first to win" and "be good enough to support" are the methods of rewards. The key is to be clear about rewards and punishment, impartial, and can be effectively rewarded to produce practical results. Zhuge Changqing's research found that the first thing for the ancient commander to win was to reward the three armies according to their merits. But how many entrepreneurs are willing to reward your employees with financial pull? If you do, congratulations, your team will be invincible.

The best way to stimulate the internal vitality of an enterprise is "bribe". "bribe" is not only a simple material, but also includes various psychological needs, such as praise, hope, etc. The key is to be able to grasp the employees' psychology and meet the key needs. Zhuge Changqing suggested that entrepreneurs care about your employees from material, spiritual, life and other aspects.

All the people in the plot have a strong self-esteem, especially the outstanding talents. More respect will result in the loyalty of the subordinates, more arrogance, and the dissatisfaction of the subordinates.

According to Sun Tzu's Art of War, "The general is the complement of the country, and the state will be strong if the state is supported by the state. The gap between the state and the state will be weak if the state is supported by the state." Only when the manager integrates himself with his employees and subordinates, and applies the philosophy of respecting people everywhere, can the company develop into a big company.

The enterprise needs to develop strong, and it is not enough for the enterprise leader alone. A smart enterprise leader is good at giving full play to the strength of all employees, encouraging them to put forward more suggestions and opinions, so as to gain and lose in the development of the company, and then guide the smooth development of the enterprise. Therefore, a good leader must be able to absorb talents, accept advice and employ people. Zhuge Changqing believes that attracting talents, rewarding talents, motivating talents and giving full play to talents' strengths are the key points of team building.

Sun Tzu's Art of War, a military form article, says five things, with the Tao at the top. It is more called "those who are good at using the military, cultivate the Tao and protect the law." This shows that the role of spiritual value is limitless. Enterprise management focuses on human management, so we should try to set up employees' spiritual values, which will directly affect the reliability of an enterprise's internal centripetal force and cohesion. In modern enterprises, the division of labor is becoming more rational and the management is becoming more scientific. In this case, the spiritual power is often ignored. However, the actual value of this power is limitless and cannot be taken lightly. Zhuge Changqing suggested that entrepreneurs should do more good deeds and do more things for the benefit of society while making profits, so that they can take off their careers and enjoy good luck.

Sun Tzu's Art of War, a military trend article, says: "All who fight, use the right combination to win by surprise." It refers to the skillful casting of the war that is a surprise victory in the front and the side. It is the talent of a military strategist who really knows the art of war to be good at producing strange weapons, breaking the rules, thinking about what others don't want, and thinking about what the enemy doesn't want. Surprisingly, it also has a new meaning, that is, innovation. Zhuge Changqing believes that a real entrepreneur is a commander in chief. Think about it. What should you do well? They are strategic in literature, military tactics, strange and right, and adaptable to circumstances.

Generally speaking, it is also a very skillful leadership art to always try to establish the image of "high, large and complete", and sometimes properly use the method of vulnerability exposure. It is exactly what Sun Tzu said in "The Art of War" that "the ability shows the inability", "to people but not to people", and the emphasis on "extraordinary victory".

There are many ways to innovate, because the cornerstone of innovation is to be unconventional. Therefore, Sun Tzu's Art of War said, "Those who are wonderful are infinite like heaven and earth and inexhaustible like rivers." In other words, "The odd and the right coexist, like the endless cycle. Who can be poor?" Since we can't be poor, we can only try to adapt to it and make use of it. However, people's thinking and innovation ability can't match the development speed of things. Therefore, enterprise managers must, on the one hand, start their own innovative ideas and make the most comprehensive planning for the future development of enterprises; On the other hand, they must have extraordinary social adaptability, and be able to quickly make appropriate plans according to different changes. As the saying goes, "When time changes, you are ready for change." Zhuge Changqing suggested entrepreneurs to think carefully about what is odd and right and how to play the role of commander in chief.

The situation usually changes very quickly. It only appears in an instant, and then disappears in an instant. This moment is the best time for us to deal with things. Because it is the time when everything changes, and it is the time when its internal function is disordered. The winners are those who are good at seizing the opportunity and bold to attack. The Art of War of Sun Tzu said, "The power is like a crossbow, and the knot is like an opportunity." The power lies in oneself, and the opportunity is the result of the change of everything.

There is a concept of "degree" in management. The scope and intensity of management must have a limit. It cannot be expanded without limitation, let alone contracted without limitation. It is precisely the so-called "too much", which is determined by the law of the cyclic transformation of "chaos comes from governance, timidity comes from courage, and weakness comes from strength". Therefore, managers must properly use their power. They can neither act beyond their authority nor be too weak and mean. Only by being neither humble nor arrogant can they convince others. Zhuge Changqing believes that entrepreneurs should be both civil and military, and be both hard and soft. If they are too weak to lead the army to fight, they will fall into crisis if they are too strong. It is better to be both civil and military.

In short, Sun Tzu's Art of War is a particularly dazzling pearl in the treasure house of ancient Chinese management thoughts. Almost every sentence in this book can reveal its management significance. If you want to do a better job in business management, you must read this book.

Reference for this article: Sun Tzu's article on the art of war in Baidu Library

孙子兵法，是中国战略文化的大智慧。

----- 诸葛长青

   中华民族是一个智慧民族。 

   如果你人生有什么需求、有什么渴望，那就学习中国文化吧。

   如果你想有战略思想、有战术需要、如果你想修身齐家治国平天下，如果你想提升企业管理水平、促进市场营销，如果你想成为一名优秀的领导者、带领你的千军万马纵横天下，如果你想让自己内心平静、没有烦恼，如果你想婚姻幸福、家庭和睦......诸葛长青建议抽时间认真学习一下中华文化智慧！

   静心学习思考，你会被中华文化的魅力所震撼----

   中国儒家文化、中国佛教文化、中国道家文化、中国兵家文化、孔子思想体系、释迦牟尼佛思想体系、老子思想体系、姜太公的安邦定国谋略、鬼谷子的纵横捭阖、孙子的《孙子兵法》、孔子的修身齐家治国平天下、诸葛亮的韬略、秦始皇的霸气、毛泽东的雄文四卷、李世民的爱惜人才之心、曾国藩的隐忍、陈抟老祖的洒脱、张天师的豪放、八仙的气魄、王重阳的斗志......会让你震惊、会让你顿悟、会让你豁然开朗。

   孙武的《孙子兵法》是中华文化智慧之一。

   这孙子兵法，不论你用在战争、政治、经济还是企业管理、市场营销等各方面都会立竿见影。诸葛长青认为，研究中华文化，孙子兵法应当至少看几遍。孙武写孙子兵法，并不是单纯的为了战争，而是为了止住战争，因而孙子兵法反复强调“上兵伐谋”。

   《孙子兵法》又称《孙武兵法》、《孙子兵书》、《孙武兵书》等，是中国现存最早的兵书，也是世界上最早的军事著作，被誉为“兵学圣典”。处处表现了道家与兵家的哲学。共有六千字左右，一共十三篇。
    诸葛长青研究发现，西方国家政界高层、企业高层、军队高层、西点军校、五角大楼、军事情报机构、智囊团等都在学习《孙子兵法》。而日本人，凡是有点文化思想的都在学习《孙子兵法》、《论语》、《道德经》等。

    日本当代著名企业家、佛学家、哲学家稻盛和夫对中国人不看孙子兵法、不看论语等国学经典，十分惊讶！稻盛和夫认为，他的成功靠的是中国文化。

   日本的崛起，靠的就是中国国学智慧。阿弥陀佛。

    要实现中国梦，要奔向美好未来，要实现自己大飞跃，诸葛长青建议有缘者多看看毛泽东思想《毛泽东选集》、多看看《孙子兵法》、多看《论语》、《大学》、《中庸》、多看看《道德经》、多看看《金刚经》、《地藏经》、《法华经》《楞严经》、《心经》、《六祖坛经》等国学传统文化智慧经典，多看看《西游记》、《东游记》、《天地传奇》、《妈祖娘娘》、《孔子》、《封神榜》、《鬼谷子传奇》、《孙子兵法与三十六计》、《大舜》等经典电影电视剧。

   《孙子兵法》是中国古代军事文化遗产中的璀璨瑰宝，优秀传统文化的重要组成部分，其内容博大精深，思想精邃富赡，逻辑缜密严谨，是古代军事思想精华的集中体现。

   作者为春秋时国将军孙武（山东惠民人）。
   《孙子兵法》被奉为兵家经典。诞生至今已有2500年历史，历代都有研究。李世民说“观诸兵书，无出孙武”。兵法是谋略，谋略不是小花招，而是大战略、大智慧。如今，孙子兵法已经走向世界。它也被翻译成多种语言，在世界军事史上也具有重要的地位。《孙子兵法》竹简出土在临沂。

   《孙子兵法》是一种战略思想，可以军事、政治、经济等在不同行业运用。这里，诸葛长青把“时代弄潮儿”写的《读孙子兵法谈企业管理》分享给有缘者。

  春秋末期著名军事家孙武撰著的《孙子兵法》，它标志着我国古代研究的最高成就，其中管理思想不但适于领兵打仗，但是其内在的思想和理念却极具发展力对各个领域都有借鉴价值。特别是在外部环境日趋复杂、竞争日益激烈的背景下，有很多的企业在经营管理的过程中都借鉴和参考了孙子兵法。 

   在我国浩翰的古兵书海洋里，春秋末期著名军事家孙武撰著的《孙子兵法》，无疑是一颗璀璨夺目的明珠，它标志着我国古代兵学研究的最高成就，其中管理思想不但适于领兵打仗，也同样适于今天的和谐管理，给后人留下宝贵的财富，以致成为目前中国古代管理思想研究中的重点和热点。 

   这部名著的影响力已经远远超出了国门，让许许多多著名的国外战略家陶醉沉迷于博大精深的中国传统战略文化之中。这部名著已经不是简单意义上的战争著作，而成为政治、经济、外交各个领域领导者的必读书。 

   孙子兵法在我国经济领域的应用由来已久。

   据《史记》记载，最早将《孙子兵法》引入经营管理的是战国魏文侯时的白圭。他将孙吴兵法和商鞅之法的原理，用于生产经营，善观时变，采取“人弃我取，人取我与”等策略，取得了成功。诸葛长青认为，孙子兵法的根本作用是让人学会战略思考。

   目前，有许多企业家和经济学家对孙子兵法的商战应用价值有深刻的体会。中国人民大学商学院院长徐二明说：“在国外学习战略是将《孙子兵法》作为经典的参考书，他们认为战略中的许多思维方式早在2000多年前就解决了。其实外国人喜欢看的书，反而是我们的《孙子兵法》，他们觉得这本书很有用。近年来，很多管理学学者发现企业竞争与战争有很多相似的地方，他们已经将《孙子兵法》的理念应用于管理运作上。” LG中国总裁卢庸岳说：“我很喜欢中国的《孙子兵法》，里面有很多智慧的东西。对于经营管理也很有用。” 诸葛长青研究发现，西方政界、商界的很多决策都在运用孙子兵法。

   《孙子兵法》的指挥、组织思想。《行军篇》讲：“令之以文，齐之以武”。曹操注释说：“文，仁也；武，法也”。用今天的话说，就是对士卒要进行明理教育，要辅以法纪来约束其行动。《势篇》讲：“治众如治寡，分数是也”。曹操注：“部曲为分，什伍为数”。“部曲”、“什伍”皆为古代军队的编制名称。这句话是说，管理部队要依靠组织编制来统一众人的行动，如此就能“治众如治寡”。该篇又讲：“斗众如斗寡，形名是也”，曹操注：“旌旗曰形，金鼓曰名”。“旌旗”、“金鼓”皆古代作发令联络使用的通讯工具。这句话是说，指挥部队要依靠通讯联络之力协调众人的步伐，如此就能“斗众如斗寡”。《孙子》中的一系列指挥、组织的论述，对于今天的企业管理，不同样具有指导意义吗？！诸葛长青认为，文韬武略是军事战略指挥家应当具备的根本。孙子兵法，提醒我们要加强战略思想研究和应用。

   《孙子》的造势思想。所谓造势，就是造成一种最佳的态势。《孙子》的《形篇》、《势篇》都强调了这一思想。其要求通过指挥、组织，造就“善战人之势”，而这种“势”，“如转圆石于千仞之山”，石借山势，则“不可遏也”。《孙子》书中还阐述了如何造势的各种做法，如《九地篇》所说的并兵向敌，《军争篇》所说的三军夺气，等等。这种造势思想和种种造势的做法，在今天企业的生产经营活动中是应当很好借鉴的。军事斗争敌我双方力量的较量是在战斗中见高低，而企业竞争双方力量的对比通常总是通过产品反映出来。所以企业家造势的威力要体现在产品上，即看谁拿到市场去的商品经得起消费者的苛刻挑剔。谁家商品物美、价廉、质优，服务周到，最符合消费者要求，谁便可取胜。《孙子》中讲究造成“以谥称铢”的胜兵之势。“镒”、“铢”皆三代重量单位，张预注：“二十两为镒，二十四铢为两”。这就是说，造势要造成压倒敌方的绝对优势之势。企业家造势，就要生产出很有竞争能力的“拳头产品”，以此制胜竞争者。 诸葛长青认为，西方国家运用孙子兵法可谓是超过中国，他们反复阅读，反复研究，然后用孙子兵法智慧去调动全世界。阿弥陀佛，我们中国人，要赶紧努力啊。我们自己的孙子兵法，不学习、不运用，西方国家却当做珍宝，认真抓好落实。

   《孙子》的因利而动思想。在《作战篇》里，孙武曾把战争所耗与战争所得作对比，分析了战争拙速与巧久的利弊关系。他认为，作战要投入大量的人力、物力、财力，必须力求速胜。“故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之文也”。何延锡注说：“速虽拙，不费财力也；久虽巧，恐生后患也。”由此可见，孙武是一个很有经济头脑的军事家。在投入与产出的关系上，他是极讲效益的。《用间篇》里还有一段颇具见地的论述，其大意是说，出兵作战耗力耗资巨大，国不得安宁，民不得生息，战事数年，是为了“争一日之胜”，如果吝啬爵禄在金百不重用间牒，那就“不仁之至也，非人之将也，非主之佐也，非胜之主也”。今天企业家在生产经营管理中，如何安排投入与产出，讲求经济效益；如何用尽可能少的活劳动消耗和物资消耗生产出更多的符合社会需要的产品；如何合理使用资金，敢于把巨金用在刀刃上？从上述《孙子》因利而动的思想中，将会得到重大的启发。诸葛长青认为，孙子兵法是战略高度去认识看待问题。不可拖延持久、不可耗费军费军粮。

   读完《孙子兵法》感到与企业管理结合也可以分为几篇：

   始计篇    《孙子兵法》云:「经之以五事，校之以计，而索以情。」「五事」意即「天时，地利，人和」，知天知地，还要知人知才，才能提高企业的凝聚力。并制定企业发展的规范制度，即所谓「法」，因为人总有过偏的时候，，有了约束，做到赏罚分明，则可实现「令民与上同意」之「道」。在「将」方面《孙子兵法》云:「智，信，仁，勇，严」，此乃企业领导者所应具备的基本特质。智者人附，信者人归，仁者爱人，勇者服人，严者明人，当企业领导者拥有这些素养后，才能充分调动企业发展的潜力，才能实现「贤臣择主而事，良禽择木而栖。」诸葛长青认为，企业家做决策，要认真分析当前形势，知己知彼、百战百胜。    

   在这一篇中，《孙子兵法》还提出了「势」的概念，在「势」的理解中我们可藉助韩非子论「势」的理论。韩非子言:「民者因服于势，势诚易服人。」民众本来就屈服于权势，而权势也确实容易来制服民众。又言:「势者，胜众之胁也。」威势，是制服民众的一种凭藉。韩非所言「势」，是指「胜众」，「服人」的权势，威势，也就是现代管理中所讲的正式权力。这种权力是领导者管理者所拥有的，它的内容是下属成员各种利益的分配权，如:薪资权，赏罚权，补贴权，晋升权，任免权以及出国学习机会权等，这种权力，*强制，威吓，对人的行为形成一定的影响力。《孙子兵法》云:「因利而制权」，用于企业管理，即灵活，机动适当地运用这些权力，达到增强企业凝聚力，激发企业发展的目的。诸葛长青建议企业家们，好好学习孙子兵法，认真汲取其中的智慧精华，塑造自己的庞大气势。    

   作战篇    在竞争中不断地更新自己，完善自己，以消除市场上敌对的竞争者，实现所谓「以战养战」，「胜敌益强」的市场竞争策略，从而在市场竞争中立于不败之地。「用粮于敌」，「卒善而养之」，学会利用对手为自己做义务宣传或培养预备人才，才是一个精明的企业管理者所应采取的必胜之法。诸葛长青认为，企业家要学会孙子兵法的韬略，真心善待员工，培养文武战士，以战养战、用粮于敌。    

   人的潜力是无穷无尽的，作为企业管理者，关键在于如何激发员工的潜在工作能力，并合理的为公司提供有效服务。在「激励」的这一方法中，奖励和惩罚均是有效的手段，重点在针对不同对象的性情，需求，进而采取不同的方法。奖励，可振奋员工士气，增强企业内部凝聚力;惩罚，可加大员工的危机感，使之背水一战，置之死地而后生，哀兵必胜之理。《孙子兵法》云:「赏其先得者」，「卒善以养之」均是奖励的方法，关键在奖罚分明，不偏不倚，并能切实落到赏处，方能产生切实的功效。诸葛长青研究发现，古代的统帅取得胜利，第一件事就是论功行赏、犒赏三军。可是有多少企业家愿意拿出钱财拉力犒赏你的员工呢？如果做到了，恭喜你，你的团队就无往而不胜。    

   激励企业内部活力最好的方法是「贿物」，「贿物」并不只是简单的物质，还包括精神方面的，如表扬，希望等各种心理需求，关键是要能把握员工心理，切中需求要害。诸葛长青建议企业家们从物质、精神、生活等各方面去关心你的员工。    

   谋攻篇    人都有很强的自尊心，特别是杰出的人才，多一丝尊重，换来的是部属的忠诚，多几许傲慢，换来的则是部属的不满。    

    《孙子兵法》云:「夫将者，国之辅也，辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱。」唯有管理者把自己和员工，部属融合在一起，把尊重人的哲学应用的无时，无处不在，公司才有可能发展成大公司。    

   企业需要发展强大，只有企业领导者一个人的力量是不够的，精明的企业领导者善于发挥全体员工的力量，鼓励他们多提建议，意见，从而获得公司发展中的得和失，进而指导企业的顺利发展，故好的领导者须能吸收人才、纳谏用人。诸葛长青认为吸收人才、犒赏人才、激励人才、发挥人才长处，这是团队做大的重点。       

   军形篇  《孙子兵法》言五事，道居首位，更所谓「善用兵者，修道而保法。」由此可见精神价值的作用是无可限量的。企业管理重在人的管理，所以应设法设立员工的精神价值观，这将直接影响到一个企业内部向心力，凝聚力的可靠程度。在现代化的企业中，组织分工愈趋合理化，经营管理也愈趋科学化，在这种情形下精神力量往往被忽略，然而这种力量的实际价值却是不可限量的，不可等闲视之。诸葛长青建议企业家们在赚取利润的同时多做善事，多做造福社会的事情，如此才会事业腾飞、吉祥如意。  

   兵势篇    《孙子兵法》曰:「凡战者，以正合，以奇胜。」讲的是正面阻击侧面奇胜的战争投巧。善出奇兵，破除陈规，想别人之所不想，出敌之所不意，这才是真正懂得兵法的军事家所具的才识。出奇也含有出新的意思，即锐意创新。诸葛长青认为，真正的企业家就是一个统帅，好好想想，你应该做好什么？文韬武略、奇正相合、随机应变啊。    

   一般而言，总是尽量树立「高，大，全」的形象，有时恰当地运用弱点暴露方法，也是一种十分巧妙的领导艺术。正是《孙子兵法》中所言「能而示之不能」，「致人而不致于人」以及强调「奇胜」的做法。    

   奇者新也，创新之方法是非常多的，因为创新的基石是要不拘一格，不循常道。所以《孙子兵法》曰:「善出奇者，无穷如天地，不竭如江河。」更言:「奇正相生，如循环之无端，孰能穷之」既然不能「穷」之，那么就只能设法适应它，利用它。然而，人的思维创新能力一般是不能和事情的发展速度相匹敌的，所以，企业管理者必须一方面开动自己的创新思想，为企业以后的发展作出尽量全面的规划;而另一方面则必须具备超凡的社会适应能力，能够根据不同的变化迅速作出适合的方案，正所谓「时异则备变矣。」诸葛长青建议企业家们好好思考，什么是奇正相合、如何发挥统帅作用。    

   而情况的变化一般是很快的，仅在一瞬间出现，又在一瞬间消失，这一瞬间也就是我们处理事情的最佳时机因为万物发生变化之机，正是其内部功能紊乱之时，成功者正是那些善于抓住时机，大胆出击者。《孙子兵法》曰:「势如张弩，节如发机。」造势在于己，而时机则是万物变化之结果。    

   在管理中有一个「度」的概念，管理的范围，强度都必须有一个限量，不能无限制的扩展，更不能无限制的收缩，正所谓「过犹不及」，这正是因为「乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强」这一循环转化的规律所决定的。所以管理者必须适当的运用自己手中的权力，既不能过于越权行事，更不能过于软弱中庸，只有做到不卑不亢，方能服人。诸葛长青认为，企业家应当文武双全、刚柔并济，太柔弱，无法带兵打仗、太刚强就会陷入危机。最好是文武双全。 

   总之，在中国古代管理思想的宝库中，《孙子兵法》是一颗格外耀眼的明珠。这部书中的每句话，几乎都可挖掘出其管理方面的意义。要想更有效地搞好经营管理，对于此书不可不读。

    本文参考资料：百度文库“时代弄潮儿”孙子兵法文章

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

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