The excellent traditional Chinese culture is the outstanding advantage of the country's cultural soft power

中华优秀传统文化是国家文化软实力的突出优势

The outstanding traditional Chinese culture, the essence of human wisdom, has made great contributions to mankind.

----Zhuge Changqing

The Chinese nation is a nation supported by excellent traditional culture.

This is the fundamental reason why the Chinese nation continues to develop and prosper.

The excellent cultural genes, such as the unity of nature and man, benevolence and love, kindness and virtue, self-improvement, virtue, filial piety and respect for teachers, constitute the strong strength of the Chinese nation.

Zhuge Changqing believes that why many foreigners do not understand the Chinese nation?

Because they can't understand Chinese culture.

Russell, a famous British thinker, said a meaningful sentence: "If we don't learn from the oriental wisdom that we always despise, our civilization will have no hope."

However, most of the western accomplished philosophers and writers have been more successful after studying Chinese culture.

Today, the Popular Daily published a good article by Professor He Zhonghua of the School of Philosophy and Social Development of Shandong University, "The excellent traditional Chinese culture is the outstanding advantage of the country's cultural soft power".

Professor He Zhonghua's article on excellent traditional culture is from a high point of view. After reading it, people will feel a lot. Here Zhuge Changqing shares Professor He Zhonghua's article with the predestined.

The evolution of human civilization is realized in a series of competitions. In different times, the causes of human competition are also different. In ancient times, human competition was mostly caused by the scramble for territory and the plunder of wealth; The friction and collision between different social systems constitute the main cause of modern competition; In the contemporary era, the conflict between different civilizations has become the main inducement of human competition. Here, there is implied a sequence of economic, political and cultural development. It can be seen that in the 21st century, cultural soft power has become one of the decisive factors related to national security and national strategy.

In fact, cultural soft power is not "soft", it even fundamentally determines cultural hard power, which is the dialectic of cultural soft power. Zhuge Changqing believes that a country cannot survive for a long time without culture.

The international competitiveness of a country undoubtedly depends on the cultural hard power, but more importantly on the effective cooperation of cultural soft power. Because in the long term of history, only soft power is the power that works for a long time. Focusing on the future development of mankind and the real advantages of a country's cultural soft power, we should not only focus on its contribution to the improvement of the country's international competitiveness, but also focus on the wisdom and enlightenment it can provide for the future prospects of the whole mankind. It is in this sense that the excellent traditional Chinese culture shows its outstanding advantages for the continuous improvement of our country's cultural soft power. Specifically, this advantage is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

First, the excellent traditional Chinese culture provides a solid foundation for the cultural identity of the Chinese nation.

Zhuge Changqing: Since Pangu opened the world, three emperors and five emperors have come to this day. Especially since the founding of the Chinese nation by Fu Xi Nuwa, the Chinese culture has come down in one continuous line and spread to this day. Looking back at history, it is not difficult to find that the rapid progress of modernization has forced every non-western nation involved in it to undergo a profound transformation, and its historical consequence is what Marx said "making the East subordinate to the West". While the modernization is dispelling the one-sidedness and narrowness of the nation, it is also increasingly disintegrating the cultural personality of the nation. With the "transformation from history to world history", globalization has already formed our basic historical context, which has resulted in a worldwide pattern of cultural homogenization. In the anti-traditional posture of modernization, we suddenly found that "who am I? Where do I come from? Where do I go?" These questions suddenly lost their answers. This is the so-called "cultural island effect". The rupture of culture led to the crisis of cultural identity, which led to the appearance of "banana man", that is, the deformed cultural personality with yellow skin and white heart. This is precisely the main reason for the anxiety of Chinese cultural identity. It cannot be denied that cultural self - loss has become an important psychological reason for cultural self - colonization.

Zhuge Changqing: It is terrible without culture as support. Just like a person who has only body but no soul. The "banana man" theory put forward by Professor He Zhonghua is worth people's reflection.

However, the modernization that our Chinese nation has been striving for since the late Qing Dynasty cannot be modernization in any other sense, but "China's" modernization. This cultural consciousness of the modernization subject is the absolute prerequisite for the real success of modernization. How to maintain the cultural identity of Chinese people in the process of modernization has become the key to this cultural consciousness.

Hegel once said that for Europeans, the mention of ancient Greece has a sense of home.

So, for Chinese people, where does this sense of home come from?

It undoubtedly originates from our inherent cultural tradition. Chinese people's cultural affiliation cannot be traced back to our own excellent traditional culture. The conscious pursuit and continuation of cultural roots is an opportunity for us to rediscover our own cultural roots. It is undoubtedly the internal basis for achieving cultural identity and the irreplaceable basis for obtaining a sense of cultural belonging. Without such a cultural consensus, the cohesion and centripetal force of the Chinese nation will not be settled. Because "nation" is first of all a cultural concept, not a geographical or ethnographic concept. If the unique cultural tradition of a nation is gone, then the nation is actually dead. The anxiety of the modern neo-confucianists in those years was born out of this, and it was just the reaction of the cultural identity crisis at the level of cultural consciousness. This highlights the prerequisite significance of cultural identity for the construction of national concepts from the negative perspective.

As a unique cultural symbol, a nation's cultural tradition constitutes its cultural gene and prototype, which lays the foundation for the integration of the whole nation's strength. The excellent traditional Chinese culture provides a basic platform for all Chinese people in the world to reach cultural consensus.

In a sense, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation should be the comprehensive rejuvenation of the Chinese culture. Zhuge Changqing believes that Professor He Zhonghua is right in saying that if there is no revitalization of national culture, everything will be useless.

In this regard, the outstanding essence of Chinese traditional culture is undoubtedly the deepest source and richest soil of the soft power of the Chinese nation's culture. It is the universal cultural identity achieved on its basis that enables the Chinese nation to win in the game on the world history stage and stand firmly in the forest of nations in the world.

In a sense, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation should be the comprehensive rejuvenation of the Chinese culture. Zhuge Changqing believes that Professor He Zhonghua is right in saying that if there is no revitalization of national culture, everything will be useless.

In this regard, the outstanding essence of Chinese traditional culture is undoubtedly the deepest source and richest soil of the soft power of the Chinese nation's culture. It is the universal cultural identity achieved on its basis that enables the Chinese nation to win in the game on the world history stage and stand firmly in the forest of nations in the world.

Second, the excellent traditional Chinese culture provides an important idea for easing the tension between human and nature and seeking sustainable development.

Zhuge Changqing: Chinese Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism contain human wisdom. We should draw energy from Confucius, Sakyamuni Buddha, Laozi and other sources of wisdom and culture of sages to promote the take-off of the Chinese nation.

Whether human beings in the 21st century can find a way to the future depends to a large extent on whether they can successfully get rid of the survival dilemma caused by the ecological and environmental crisis. Since the 1960s, the emergence of a series of "global problems", such as ecological imbalance, environmental degradation, energy shortage, freshwater shortage, nuclear threat, has shown that our planet has been overwhelmed. In fact, it announced the profound crisis of the traditional development model represented by industrial civilization. The proposal and implementation of the concept of sustainable development and ecological civilization is just an attempt by human beings to get out of the survival dilemma and seek new development models. In the final analysis, the series of development problems that mankind is currently facing are the result of the proliferation of modern technology with the basic orientation of suppressing the enslavement of nature.

The modern industrial civilization, believing that "knowledge is power", disregarding the inherent value and dignity of nature, has caused the dangerous consequences of uprooting itself from the earth, and to a large extent destroyed the relationship between man and nature. In the end, the whole human being has to accept the cruel revenge of nature.

The core idea contained in the excellent traditional Chinese culture is "the unity of man and nature", which advocates that humanity should conform to the law of nature and seek the harmony between man and nature.

As Liang Qichao said, "The first work of ancient Chinese thought is to respect the heaven and fear the heaven... The old man is also to respect and fear the heaven. All thoughts are based on this." Zhuge Changqing said: Only by respecting the heaven and loving the people, conforming to the nature, and developing harmoniously, can the world be more harmonious.

Importantly, this basic concept determines and shapes the cultural orientation and cultural character of classical technology, which makes it possible to achieve a win-win situation between man and nature in the display of technology: on the one hand, let nature serve the well-being of human beings according to the situation, on the other hand, maintain the balance and self-consistence of nature, and make it sustainable for human beings. This respect for nature is the most intelligent thing reflected in the proper treatment of human desire.

The Chinese believe that it is the most appropriate to limit their desire to the natural range, neither deprive it, nor indulge it, nor artificially create it. Therefore, it avoids excessive occupation of nature and insatiable grab.

From a cultural point of view, the only way to transform and optimize modern technology is to restore the classical character of technology. It is in this respect that the concept of "harmony between man and nature" in the excellent traditional Chinese culture shows its unique charm. Whether we can realize the transformation from "man conquers the sky" to "the unity of man and nature" will fundamentally determine whether our economic and social development can be sustainable. Zhuge Changqing: The unity of heaven and man is the iron rule that people should remember in their hearts. If the reconstruction of this concept cannot be completed, the ecological civilization currently under construction can only be empty talk. As early as the 1920s, Russell, a famous British thinker, said a meaningful sentence: "If we do not learn from the oriental wisdom that has always been despised by us, our civilization will have no hope." This is neither alarmist nor exaggerated. History since the second half of the 20th century has proved, and future history will continue to prove, that what Russell said is the heartfelt words of a western wise man, which has profound penetrating power. It is in response to the survival crisis that the excellent traditional Chinese culture has shown a strong saving power.

Third, the excellent traditional Chinese culture provides important support for optimizing interpersonal relationships and rebuilding moral order.

Zhuge Changqing: The excellent Chinese culture contains the harmonious wisdom of "benevolence, morality, benevolence, concealment of evil and promotion of good", which gave birth to Yan Emperor, Huang Emperor, Shennong, Zhu Rong, King Wen of Zhou, King Wu of Zhou, Jiang Taigong, Laozi, Confucius, Guiguzi, Sun Tzu, Zhuge Liang, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Li Shimin, Yuchi Gong, Qin Qiong, Chen Tuan, Lai Buyi, Liu Bowen, Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and countless other sages. Looking back, I am really amazed at the great wisdom of the Chinese nation. Today, people should calmly reflect on themselves.

The gradual establishment of the market economic system has released huge material wealth, brought unprecedented economic prosperity and greatly liberated the productive forces; At the same time, it has also produced certain side effects. Frequently exposed events such as mercenary, desperate, adulterating, cheating and other blatant violations of the ethical bottom line by the media do reflect the signs of people's weak sense of morality. The crisis of social trust has seriously hindered people's interaction with each other. The spread of egoism, money worship, pragmatism and extreme individualism in a certain range erodes people's values. These negative phenomena are increasingly challenging the public order and good customs of the whole society, not only damaging the social credit system, but also hindering the organic integration of social relations. How to reverse this situation, how to rebuild morality and trust between people in the process of developing market economy is a very difficult and must be completed task before people.

As we know, the theory of human nature in ancient China is generally good in nature. This self-awareness is based on trust in human nature. Therefore, in traditional Chinese culture, virtue is generally regarded as the essential stipulation that man is different from and surpasses animals. In Chinese culture, virtue takes precedence over knowledge. This order makes our traditional culture particularly care about and value moral choice. The definition that man is an animal of virtue determines that we believe that virtue is power, and the so-called "benevolence is invincible". Life in the world, of course, can not leave the pursuit and satisfaction of interests; However, according to the "distinction between justice and profit" of Chinese culture, people must adhere to the principle of "controlling profit with justice" in pursuit of self-interest. The so-called "gentleman loves money and takes it in a proper way". Only in this way can we prove our character as a gentleman and achieve harmony and order in human relations. Confucius advocated "seeking justice for profit" and "putting justice first", that is, "taking justice after justice". If a gentleman loves money, he takes it unjustly, so that he can't spend it; It would be very dangerous if we were to seize all the benefits, regardless of whether it was moral or not. Isn't the decline of morality the result of falling into this kind of misunderstanding?

Only by adhering to the principle of "virtue first" can we gain enough immunity against the temptation of various material interests. If people can uphold the "distinction between justice and benefit" of "ruling by justice" in actual communication, our social relations and social environment will certainly be significantly improved. Einstein, the scientist, summed up the historical lessons of the first half of the 20th century, It warns people that "knowledge and skills alone cannot bring happiness and dignity to human beings. Human beings have every reason to put the preachers of noble moral standards and values above the discoverers of objective truth." The famous British historian Toynbee also stressed that "human power has affected the environment to the extent that it will lead to human self-destruction"; To avoid this tragedy, "what is needed is not intellectual behavior, but ethical behavior". It is in this respect that the belief that "virtue is power" shows its prophetic wisdom and foresight.

It is intriguing that the principle of "do not do to others what you don't want" advocated by Confucius has become the cornerstone of the Global Ethics Declaration adopted in September 1993 in Chicago, USA. This maxim of Confucius provides us with the bottom line ethics of reasonably and effectively regulating the relationship between people at the conceptual level, and is the "golden law" of properly handling interpersonal relationships. It should be said that this is a major outstanding contribution made by the excellent traditional Chinese culture to contemporary human civilization. Zhuge Changqing believes that Confucius' Confucianism is the foundation of the harmonious world.

Fourth, the excellent traditional Chinese culture provides important resources for adjusting the relationship between people and themselves and improving the realm of life.

Zhuge Changqing: Studying traditional culture and studying the essence of the wisdom of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism can improve your life. You can read Confucianism's "University", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects of Confucius", "Mencius", "The Book of Rites", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "The Book of Filial Piety", "The Romance of the Sui and Tang Dynasties", etc; Biographies of celebrities; Read Taoism's "Tao Te Ching", "Jing Jing Jing", "The Supreme Emperor's Induction", "Journey to the East", "The Romance of the Gods", etc; Read more Buddhist books such as Journey to the West, Four Instructions to the West, Jade Calendar Treasure Notes, Shoukang Treasure Book, Heart Sutra, Vajra Sutra, Dizang Sutra, Vimalakiri Sutra, Fahua Sutra, etc. These wisdom classics can restore people's pure heart.

As modern people, we are in an era that seems to be too materialistic. Without false thinking, it is easy to cause the deformed personality of "material giant and spiritual dwarf". But man is not an animal after all. He also needs to have a pursuit of transcendence. This inevitably leads to the tension between human self existence and self nature. Therefore, how to properly adjust the relationship between people and themselves has become a common problem for all people who are moving towards a modern society. Zhuge Changqing: People need spiritual culture to enrich themselves, or they will be walking dead.

People's puzzlement is: why is the material wealth more and more abundant, while the human spiritual world is more and more barren? Why do people have more and more food and clothing in their living conditions, but their happiness has not increased? Why is people's daily life becoming more and more refined, comfortable and upscale, while people are increasingly at a loss in their spiritual pursuit? Why do people communicate more and more closely, but their spiritual world is more and more separated? In fact, the only feasible way to save people's spiritual world in the increasingly materialized fate is to constantly improve the realm of life.

Russell said well: "The remarkable strength of our civilization lies in the scientific method; the strength of Chinese civilization lies in the reasonable explanation of the fate of life." In establishing a sound outlook on life, the excellent traditional Chinese culture can provide rich resources, which is the unique advantage of Chinese culture. If a person lacks a sound outlook on life, just like a kite with a broken line, he can only drift with the current and the wind, and is in a rootless state, where he has no place to settle down and live, so his inner world cannot be enriched. The appearance of doing things is also significantly different with people's different realms. Let's think about it. Why are there differences between Confucian merchants and peddlers? Why are there differences between politicians and politicians? Why are there differences between scientists and craftsmen? The work they are engaged in is not different. Their difference only depends on the level of their life.

Mr. Feng Youlan summed up the Confucian philosophy of life and summed up the "four realms" of human beings, namely, the natural realm, the utilitarian realm, the moral realm and the realm of heaven and earth. They correspond to the different levels of people who do not know who they are, who are aware of themselves, who are beyond themselves, and who do not care about themselves and who are not, thus forming different personalities such as "common people", "villains", "gentlemen" and "saints". Zhuge Changqing: The core of Chinese culture is to make everyone a sage and a person who does good deeds for the benefit of the world.

This provides a basic frame of reference for each of us to improve our moral cultivation and realm.

In fact, the "realm of heaven and earth" is what Confucius called "follow one's inclinations without exceeding the rules". It is the realization and practice of "the unity of heaven and man", "the unity of knowledge and action", and "the unity of situation". Although it is very difficult to reach this state, as Sima Qian said, "The mountains are still high, the scenery is still flowing, although we can't reach it, but we will go forward". Being in awe of and yearning for the lofty realm is in itself self-improvement and self-improvement. In fact, all schools of traditional Chinese culture have no lack of the idea of life realm. As someone said, Confucianism can make people do things "affordable", Taoism can make people do things "affordable", and Buddhism can make people do things "open". If a person can reach the realm established by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, he must be in good health, in peace of mind, in harmony, and in full satisfaction. In this regard, the excellent traditional Chinese culture is no less than a key to opening the spiritual dilemma of modern people who are homeless in their hearts.

One important reason why people used to ignore the true value of traditional Chinese culture is that the dimension of modernity obscures and distorts this value. With the historical change and transformation of the era dimension of world culture, that is, from modernity to post-modernity, the significance and value of Chinese traditional culture must be reassessed. Zhuge Changqing: The harmonious development of the world is inseparable from the power of Chinese culture.

Under the background of modernity, Chinese traditional culture is often a negative image; However, today, when the inherent contradictions of modernity are increasingly revealed, the excellent traditional Chinese culture has just become the hope of salvation. It is not only a source of strength for the Chinese nation to cope with future challenges, but also an important source of strength for human civilization to avoid risks and move towards sound development. In short, in today's historical context, the excellent traditional Chinese culture has become a way of salvation and a source of wisdom. As a positive energy, we need to deeply explore and carry forward the excellent elements of traditional culture, and further highlight its outstanding advantages in the national cultural soft power.

References for this article:

1. Professor He Zhonghua's article "The excellent traditional Chinese culture is the outstanding advantage of the country's cultural soft power"

2. Professor He Zhonghua is a professor in the School of Philosophy and Social Development of Shandong University

3. Picture selected from network picture

中华优秀传统文化，人类智慧精华，对人类有巨大贡献。

---- 诸葛长青

   中华民族是一个用优秀传统文化支撑的民族。

   这就是为何中华民族持续发展、长盛不衰的根本原因。

   　天人合一、仁者爱人、行善积德、自强不息、厚德载物、孝亲尊师等等优秀文化基因，组成了中华民族的强大力量。

   诸葛长青认为，为何很多外国人不理解中华民族？

   因为他们无法理解中华文化。

   英国著名思想家罗素就说过一句意味深长的话：“若不借鉴一向被我们轻视的东方智慧，我们的文明就没有指望了。”

   而西方有成就的哲学家、文学家，多是研究了中华文化后，才更加圆满。

   今天，《大众日报》刊登了山东大学哲学与社会发展学院何中华教授好文章《中华优秀传统文化是国家文化软实力的突出优势》。

   何中华教授这篇关于优秀传统文化的文章高屋建瓴，读后会让人感受颇多，这里诸葛长青把何中华教授文章分享有缘者。

   人类文明的演进是在一系列竞争中实现的。在不同的时代，引发人类竞争的原因也各有侧重。在古代，人类竞争大多是因为争夺地盘和掳掠财富而引发；不同社会制度之间的摩擦、碰撞，则构成近代竞争的主因；到了当代，不同文明之间的冲突又变成人类竞争的主要诱因。在这里，隐含着一条经济、政治、文化依次展开的脉络。由此可见，在21世纪，文化软实力已经成为关乎国家安全和国家战略的决定性因素之一。

　　文化软实力其实并不“软”，它甚至从根本上决定着文化硬实力，这就是文化软实力的辩证法。诸葛长青认为：一个国家，如果没有文化作为底蕴，必然难以长久生存。

   一个国家的国际竞争力，无疑要靠文化硬实力来支撑，但更要靠文化软实力的有效配合。因为从历史的长时段看，只有软实力才是恒久起作用的力量。着眼于人类的未来发展，看一个国家文化软实力的真正优势之所在，既要着眼于它对提高国家的国际竞争力有何贡献，还要着眼于它对整个人类的未来前景能够提供怎样的智慧和启迪。正是在这个意义上，中华优秀传统文化对于我们国家文化软实力的不断提升显示出自身的突出优势。具体地说，这种优势主要表现在以下几个方面：

　　第一，中华优秀传统文化为中华民族的文化认同提供坚实基础。

　　诸葛长青：自从盘古开天地，三皇五帝到如今。尤其是自从伏羲女娲开辟中华民族以来，中华民族文化就一脉相承，流传至今。反观历史，我们不难发现，现代化的狂飙突进使得每一个被卷入其中的非西方民族，都不得不经历一场脱胎换骨式的深刻变革，其历史后果就是马克思所说的“使东方从属于西方”。现代化在消解民族的片面性和狭隘性的同时，也日益瓦解着民族的文化个性。随着“历史向世界历史的转变”，全球化早已构成我们的基本历史语境，它造成了世界范围内的文化匀质化格局。在现代化的反传统姿态中，我们蓦然发现，“我是谁？我从哪里来？又到哪里去？”这些问题一时间突然找不到答案了，这就是所谓的“文化孤岛效应”。文化的断裂导致了文化认同危机，以至于出现了“香蕉人”，即黄皮肤白心灵的畸形文化人格。这恰恰是造成国人文化身份焦虑的主要原因。不能不承认，文化上的自我迷失，成为文化上的自我殖民化的重要心理原因。

   诸葛长青：没有文化作支撑是可怕的。就像一个人只有躯壳没有灵魂。何中华教授推出的“香蕉人”理论，值得人们反思啊。

　　然而，我们中华民族自晚清以来所孜孜以求的现代化，不能是任何别的意义上的现代化，只能是“中国的”现代化。这种现代化主体的文化自觉，乃是现代化真正走向成功的绝对前提。如何在现代化进程中保有中国人的文化身份，就成为这种文化自觉的关键所在。

   黑格尔曾经说过，对于欧洲人来说，一提起古希腊，就有一种家园之感。

   那么，对于中国人来说，这种家园之感又源自何处呢？

   它无疑源自我们所固有的文化传统。中国人在文化上的归依，不能不追根溯源，回到我们自己的优秀传统文化上来。对文化之根的自觉追寻和接续，是我们重新揭橥自己的文化本根性的契机，它无疑是实现文化认同的内在基础和获得文化归属感的不可替代的依据。离开了这样一种文化共识的根基，中华民族的凝聚力和向心力就没有着落。因为“民族”首先是一个文化的概念，而不是地域学或人种学的概念。如果一个民族所特有的文化传统荡然无存了，那么这个民族其实也就名存实亡了。现代新儒家当年的焦虑正是缘此而生发出来的，它说到底不过是文化认同危机在文化意识层面上的反应罢了。这就从否定的方面凸显了文化认同对于民族概念建构的前提性意义。

　　作为独特文化标志，一个民族的文化传统构成该民族的文化基因和原型，它为整个民族力量的整合奠定基础。中华优秀传统文化为全天下所有炎黄子孙达成文化共识提供了一个基本平台。

   从某种意义上说，中华民族的伟大复兴，应该是中华民族文化的全面复兴。诸葛长青认为，何中华教授一语中的，如果没有民族文化振兴，一切都是苍白无力的。

   就此而言，中国传统文化的优秀精华，无疑是中华民族文化软实力的最深刻的根源和最丰厚的土壤。正是在它的基础上达成的普遍文化认同，才能使中华民族在世界历史舞台的博弈中胜出，岿然屹立于世界民族之林。

  　 第二，中华优秀传统文化为缓解人与自然的紧张、寻求可持续发展提供重要理念。

　　诸葛长青：国学儒释道，包含了人类大智慧。我们要从孔子、释迦牟尼佛、老子等这些圣人智慧文化源泉中汲取能量，促进中华民族腾飞。

   21世纪的人类能否找到走向未来的出路，在很大程度上将取决于能否成功地摆脱生态和环境危机带来的生存困境。20世纪60年代以来，生态失衡、环境恶化、能源短缺、淡水资源匮乏、核威胁等一系列“全球性问题”的出现，表明我们的地球已经不堪重负。事实上，它宣告了以工业文明为代表的传统发展模式的深刻危机。可持续发展和生态文明理念的提出和实施，不过是人类试图走出生存困境、寻求新的发展模式的尝试。人类目前所遭遇的一系列发展难题，说到底乃是以戡天役物为基本取向的现代技术泛滥的结果。

   近代以来的工业文明，相信“知识就是力量”，无视大自然的内在价值和尊严，造成了人类把自身从大地上连根拔起的危险后果，在很大程度上败坏了人同自然的关系，到头来整个人类不得不承受自然界的残酷报复。

　　中华优秀传统文化中蕴含的最核心理念就是“天人合一”，它主张人道顺应天道，寻求人与大自然的和谐相处。

   诚如梁启超所说：“中国古代思想，敬天畏天，其第一著也。……故人之于天也，敬而畏之，一切思想，皆以此为基焉。”诸葛长青：只有敬天爱民，顺应自然，和谐发展，世界才会更加和谐。

  重要的是，这一基本理念决定并塑造了古典技术的文化取向和文化品格，它使得在技术的展现中达成人与自然的双赢：一方面因势利导，让大自然为人类的福祉服务，另一方面又维系自然界的均衡和自洽，使之能够为人类永续利用。这种对自然的尊重，最为睿智的是体现在恰当地看待人的欲望上。

  中国人相信只有把自己的欲望限制在自然而然的范围内才是最适当的，既不剥夺它，也不放纵它，更不人为地制造它。因此，避免了对自然界的过度占有和贪得无厌的攫取。

　　从文化角度说，现代技术得以改造和优化的唯一出路，只能是恢复技术的古典品格。正是在这个方面，中华优秀传统文化的“天人合一”理念显示出了它的独特魅力。能否实现由“以人克天”到“天人合一”的转变，将从根本上决定着我们的经济和社会发展能否获得可持续性。诸葛长青：天人合一，是人们要铭记内心的铁律。如果不能完成这一理念的重建，那么目前正在建构的生态文明也只能是一句空话。早在20世纪20年代，英国著名思想家罗素就说过一句意味深长的话：“若不借鉴一向被我们轻视的东方智慧，我们的文明就没有指望了。”这绝非危言耸听，也不是言过其实。20世纪后半叶以来的历史已经证明、未来的历史还将继续证明，罗素所说的乃是一个西方智者的肺腑之言，它具有深邃的穿透力。正是在应对生存危机中，中华优秀传统文化显示出了强大的拯救力量。

　　第三，中华优秀传统文化为优化人际关系、重建道德秩序提供重要支撑。

    诸葛长青：中华优秀文化中，包含了“仁爱之心、道德之心、行善知心、隐恶扬善之心”等和谐智慧，这些智慧催生了炎帝、黄帝、神农、祝融、周文王、周武王、姜太公、老子、孔子、鬼谷子、孙子、诸葛亮、汉武帝、李世民、尉迟恭、秦琼、陈抟、赖布衣、刘伯温、顺治、康熙、雍正、乾隆、毛泽东、周恩来等无数圣贤。暮然回首，真是惊叹中华民族的大智慧。今天，人们要冷静反思自己。

　　市场经济体制的逐步建立，释放了巨大的物质财富，带来了经济的空前繁荣，极大地解放了生产力；同时也产生了一定的副作用，媒体频频曝光的唯利是图、见死不救、掺杂使假、坑蒙拐骗之类公然践踏伦理底线的事件，的确折射出人们道德感衰弱的征兆。社会信任的危机，严重妨碍着人们之间的彼此交往。利己主义、拜金主义、实用主义、极端个人主义思潮在一定范围的蔓延，侵蚀着人们的价值观。这些消极现象日益严重地挑战整个社会的公序良俗，不仅败坏了社会信用体系，而且妨碍了社会关系的有机整合。如何才能扭转这一局面，如何在发展市场经济的过程中重建道德，重建人与人之间的彼此信赖，乃是摆在人们面前的一项十分艰巨而又必须完成的任务。

　　我们知道，中国古代的人性论在总体上是性善论的。这种自我认知，是基于对人性的信任而建立起来的。所以，中国传统文化一般都是把德性看成是人不同于并超越于动物的本质规定。在中国文化看来，德性优先于知识。这一顺序，使得我们的传统文化特别在乎和看重道德选择。人是德性的动物这一定义，决定了我们相信德性才是力量，所谓“仁者无敌”。人生在世，当然不能离开利益的追求和满足；但按照中国文化的“义利之辨”，人们追求自我利益必须恪守“以义制利”的原则，所谓“君子爱财，取之有道”。这样才能证成自己的君子人格，也才能达致人际关系的和谐有序。孔子就主张“见利思义”、“以义为上”，即所谓“义然后取”。如果君子爱财，取之无道，以至于无度；如果在利益面前，不管是否合乎道义，都一古脑地攫取，那就十分危险了。道德之所以出现滑坡，不正是陷入这类误区的结果吗？

　　只有恪守“德性优先”的选择原则，我们才有可能在各式各样物质利益的诱惑面前获得足够的免疫力。倘若人们在实际的交往中，都能够秉持“以义制利”的“义利之辨”，我们的社会关系和社会环境，就一定会得到明显改善。科学家爱因斯坦，在总结20世纪上半叶历史教训之时，告诫人们：“仅凭知识和技巧并不能给人类带来幸福和尊严。人类完全有理由把高尚的道德标准和价值观的宣道士置于客观真理的发现者之上。”英国著名历史学家汤因比也强调：“人类的力量影响到环境，已经达到了会导致人类自我毁灭的程度”；要想避免这一悲剧，“需要的不是智力行为，而是伦理行为”。正是在这个方面，“德性就是力量”的信念，显示出它的先知般的睿智和远见卓识。

   耐人寻味的是，孔子所倡导的“己所不欲，勿施于人”为人处世原则，成为1993年9月在美国芝加哥通过的《全球伦理宣言》的基石。孔子的这句箴言，在观念层面上为我们提供了合理有效地调节人与人之间彼此关系的底线伦理，是恰当地处理人际关系的“黄金律”。应该说，这是中华优秀传统文化对于当代人类文明所做出的一大突出贡献。诸葛长青认为，孔子的儒家思想，正是世界和谐大同的根本。

　　第四，中华优秀传统文化为调适人与自我的关系、提高人生境界提供重要资源。

　　诸葛长青：研究学习传统文化，研究儒释道智慧精华，可以提升自己人生境界。可以多读读儒家的《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》、《礼记》、《水浒传》、《孝经》、《隋唐演义》等；名人传记；多读读道家的《道德经》、《清静经》、《太上感应篇》、《东游记》、《封神演义》等；多读读佛家的《西游记》、《了凡四训》、《玉历宝钞》、《寿康宝鉴》、《心经》、《金刚经》、《地藏经》、《维摩诘经》、《法华经》等。这些智慧经典，可以让人恢复清净心。

   作为现代人的我们，身处一个似乎过分崇尚物质的时代，不假思考很容易造成“物质巨人、精神侏儒”的畸形人格。但人毕竟不是动物，他还需要有一种超越的追求。这就不可避免地带来人的自我存在同自我本性之间的紧张。因此，怎样恰当地调适人与自我的关系，就成为所有走向现代化社会的人们普遍面临的一个问题。诸葛长青：人们需要精神文化丰富自己，否则就是行尸走肉。

   人们的困惑在于：为什么物质财富越来越丰饶，而人的心灵世界却越来越显得贫瘠？为什么人们在生活条件上越来越衣食无忧，但人们的幸福感却未见增长？为什么人们的日常生活越来越精致化、舒适化、高档化，而人们在心灵追求上却越来越感到茫然无措？为什么人们的交际越来越密切，但人们彼此的心灵世界却越来越隔膜？其实，在人的日益物化的命运中拯救出人的心灵世界，唯一可行的路径就是不断地提升人生境界。

　　罗素说得好：“我们的文明的显著长处在于科学的方法；中国文明的长处则在于对人生归宿的合理解释。”在确立健全的人生观方面，中华优秀传统文化能够提供丰富的资源，这是中国文化的独特优势之所在。一个人如果缺乏健全的人生观，就像一只断了线的风筝一样，只能随波逐流、随风飘荡，处于无根状态，无处安心立命，内心世界因此无法得到充实。人的境界不同，做事情的外观也显著不同。大家试想，为什么会有儒商和小商小贩的差别？为什么会有政治家和政客的差别？为什么会有科学家和工匠的差别？他们所从事的工作原本没有什么两样，他们的差别仅仅取决于人生境界高低之不同。

　　冯友兰先生总结儒家人生思想，从中归纳出人的“四境界”说，即自然境界、功利境界、道德境界和天地境界，它们分别对应于人不知有我、意识到自我、超越掉自我、无所谓我与非我的不同层次，进而形成“庶人”、“小人”、“君子”、“圣人”等不同人格。诸葛长青：中华文化的核心，是让人人做圣贤，人人做行善造福苍生之人。

   这就为我们每个人的德性修养和境界提升提供了一个基本的参照系。

   “天地境界”其实也就是孔子所谓的“从心所欲不逾矩”，它是“天人合一”、“知行合一”、“情景合一”的实现和践履。尽管达到这种境界很难，但就像司马迁所说的，“高山仰止，景行行止，虽不能至，然心向往之”。对崇高境界心存敬畏、心存向往，这本身就是自我提升和上进。事实上，中国传统文化各家各派都不乏人生境界思想。正如有人所说的，儒家可以让人做事情“拾得起”，道家可以让人做事情“放得下”，佛家可以让人做事情“看得开”。一个人倘若能够达到儒道释所确立的境界，一定是心身康泰、心安理得、圆融无碍、圆满具足的。就此而言，中华优秀传统文化不啻是打开现代人在心灵上无家可归从而陷入精神困顿难题的一把钥匙。

　　人们过去之所以往往忽视中国传统文化的真正价值，一个重要原因就在于现代性的维度对这种价值的遮蔽和扭曲。随着世界文化时代维度历史性的变迁和转换，亦即由现代性过渡到后现代性，中国传统文化的意义和价值就必须加以重新估价。诸葛长青：世界和谐发展，离不开中华文化的力量。

   在现代性的背景下，中国传统文化往往是一种负面形象；但是，在现代性的内在矛盾日益显露的今天，中华优秀传统文化恰恰变成了拯救的希望之所在。它不仅是中华民族应对未来挑战的力量源泉，而且是人类文明规避风险、走向健全发展的一个重要力量源泉。总之，在今天的历史背景下，中华优秀传统文化已成为一种拯救之道和智慧之源。作为一种正能量，需要我们深入发掘和弘扬传统文化中的优秀成分，进一步彰显其在国家文化软实力中的突出优势。

   本文参考资料：

   1、《大众日报》何中华教授文章《中华优秀传统文化是国家文化软实力的突出优势》

   2、何中华教授为山东大学哲学与社会发展学院教授

   3、图片选自网络图片

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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