Confucian education method for children: Mencius' mother moved three times to become children

儒家子女教育方法：孟母三迁为子女

It is very important for parents to create a good environment, strict discipline and enhance confidence for their children.

-----Zhuge Changqing

What is the most important thing about children's education?

What should we pay attention to in children's education?

Zhuge Changqing analyzed ancient and modern times and found that, in combination with the story of "Mencius and his mother moved three times", there are three important factors in children's education:

The first is to give children a good environment.

Zhuge Changqing believes that children do not have the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, so parents must create a good atmosphere of learning, virtue and kindness for children.

The second is to strictly discipline.

Zhuge Changqing believes that the best teacher for children's education is actually parents. Parents should take the lead in respecting their parents, working hard and doing good deeds. At the same time, strictly manage children. Children don't obey, don't beat and scold, don't swear, don't hate, but think about using some case stories to enlighten. Let children reflect on themselves.

The third is to give children more confidence.

Zhuge Changqing believes that good children are praised. Parents should always encourage their children and make them confident. Don't let children feel inferior and sad.

Having done this will lay the foundation for children's "self-cultivation, family unity, governance and world peace".

Children's education is a major event of the family, the country and the world, and should be taken seriously.

There is a case of children's education worth sharing in ancient times.

This is the case story of Confucian traditional culture, "Mencius and his mother moved three times".

The ancients said: "Those who stay close to red will be red, and those who stay close to ink will be black.".

The ancients also said that if you dye it in the sky, it will be grey, and if you dye it in the yellow, it will be yellow.

In order to educate the young Mencius, his mother moved three times to choose the environment, and finally trained Mencius into a great scholar. Mencius is an important inheritor of Confucianism, and together with Confucius, is known as "the way of Confucius and Mencius".

Later, she wrote the following words: "Mother of Mencius chooses her neighbor, mother of Mencius moves three times, the education of moving three times, mother of Mencius moves three times, moves house, mother of Mencius, neighbor of Mencius, neighbor of Mencius" and so on; It may also indicate that the relocation is uncertain.

In the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang told the story of "Mencius and his mother moved three times" in "Biography of Lienv · Zou Mengke's Mother" and the traditional Confucian book "Three-character Classic".

Zou Mengke's mother, known as Mencius' mother, was very naughty when Mencius was young.

First relocation: once, they lived next to the cemetery. Mencius and his neighbor's children learned to kneel down and cry together, and played the game of handling the funeral. When Mencius's mother saw it, she frowned: "No! I can't let my children live here!"

Second relocation: Mencius' mother took Mencius to live next to the market. When we arrived at the market, we saw people killing pigs and cattle. Mencius and his neighbor's children learned to kill pigs and cattle. Bow to welcome guests, entertain guests, and bargain with guests. The performance is very similar! Mencius's mother knew, frowned again: "This place is not suitable for my children to live!"

Third move: So they moved again. This time, they moved near the school. Mencius began to be orderly, polite and fond of reading. At this time, Mencius's mother nodded with satisfaction and said, "This is the place where my son should live!" So she settled down there. When Mencius grew up, she learned six skills and gained the reputation of a great scholar. The gentleman thought that this was the result of Mencius' gradual enlightenment.

The Dazhong Daily published a special interview with Chen Juhui, Gao Xiang, and Hu Sijiao, "The Mother of Mencius chooses to move three houses in the neighborhood, and teaches the rites by words and deeds", which let us understand the traditional cultural significance of the mother of Mencius.

"In the past, the mother of Mencius chose her neighbor; the son did not learn, but broke the loom."

Mencius' mother and son are the first allusion cited in the enlightenment reading "Three Character Classic". The Three-character Classic has been handed down from generation to generation since the Song Dynasty. The story of Mencius' mother and son has also become a household name and known to all women and children along with the catchy verse, enlightening the hearts of generations after generations.

The records of the three movements of Mencius and his mother in ancient books first appeared in the Biography of Lienv by Liu Xiang, a Confucian scholar in the Western Han Dynasty. Recently, with the success of the "Legend of the Mother of Mencius and the Son of Mencius" in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, the story of the generation of saints created by the mother of Mencius' words and deeds has warmed up again. On July 29, in the face of the heat wave of the dog days and following the footsteps of Meng's mother, the reporter came to Zoucheng, the "Holy Land of Zou Lu", and resumed the route of Meng's mother's three moves.

1、 The old house of Fu Village moved near the tomb

Zhuge Changqing: Why did Mencius's mother move for her child for the first time? First relocation: once, they lived next to the cemetery. Mencius and his neighbor's children learned to kneel down and cry together, and played the game of handling the funeral. When Mencius's mother saw it, she frowned: "No! I can't let my children live here!"

Mencius (372 BC - 289 BC), named Ke and Zi Yu, was born in Fu Village, about 10 kilometers north of Zoucheng. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Fu Village was under the jurisdiction of Zou County. In the 1950s, the administrative division of Jining District was changed, and Fu Village was assigned to Qufu.

Drive north along National Highway 104 from Zoucheng downtown, and we arrive at Fu Village in about 20 minutes. The ancient wooden archway at the entrance of the village, "Hometown of Mencius", is like the "signboard" of Fu Village, which is hard for those who want to find it to miss. Although it is not an antique, the paint of the memorial archway is mottled, and it is too dark to distinguish the color, which shows the vicissitudes.

Go through the memorial archway and walk west along the village street. The first thing that comes into sight is the monument of "the key cultural relics protection unit in Shandong Province - the ancient village of Fu Village". Further on, there is a slightly old ancient courtyard in the north of the road. The courtyard is located on the east bank of a small river and is surrounded by a wall of green tiles and grey bricks. The gate tower faces south. The gray-brown door is not painted, and the doorring is rusty. Only the plaque of "Mencius' Former Residence" hanging on the lintel has bright red paint and gold characters.

Under the wall by the river, several old people are enjoying the cool and chatting. Meng Qingdai, a 64-year-old grandson of the 73rd generation of Mencius, told reporters that Mencius' former residence had a long history and was restored in the Ming Dynasty. There are three main halls in the north of the courtyard, which are dedicated to Mencius' parents, Mencius and Mencius' forty-fifth generation grandson, the founder of Zhongxing. There are also three dressing rooms in the east courtyard. "This is the place where Mencius lived when he was a child. Every year on the second birthday of Mencius on the second day of April, the descendants of Mencius from all over the world will come here to have a look after worshipping the Meng Temple."

Zhuge Changqing: Mencius' birthday is on the second day of April. The day of offering sacrifices to Mencius.

There used to be a large pond in front of Mencius' former residence, which was called "Mengmu Pond" in ancient times. According to legend, it covers an area of more than 3 mu. It has water all the year round and does not dry up in winter and spring. There is a brick well with a diameter of about 1 meter in the west of the river called "Mengmu Well", which has been enclosed in the village courtyard. There was a "rebuilt well monument" in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, which was destroyed in the 1950s and 1960s and disappeared. According to the old man in the village, the well was regarded as a holy well in the past, especially the local big girls and little daughters-in-law all vied to drink the water of the well, hoping to become a good wife and mother of Mencius. Now, when the weather is not dry, there will be a spring of water in this well, but no one has used it.

Zhuge Changqing: The well of "Mengmu Pond" should be restored and play a role in educating society and nourishing people's hearts,

Meng Qingdai said that the river flowing from north to south on the west side of Mencius' old house is called Baimahe.

According to legend, because Mencius's mother washed clothes on the bank of the White Horse River and saw the teak falling into the water, it was regarded as a mascot, so the village was named "Fu Village".

Meng Mu Lin, as the old man said, is on the east side of Maanshan, not far from the east of Fu Village, and is the joint burial place of Mencius' parents. Later generations believed that "the mother of the Three Movements of Religion, through the world and later generations to push the original great achievements", so the forest is called "Mengmu Forest".

The reporter asked the old people about Mencius' family background and the situation when he lived in Fu Village. Because the age is too old, the old people didn't know anything about it. They only said that Mencius's father was not a scholar or a famous family. The descendants of Mencius have multiplied in the village until now, and now more than 80% of them are descendants of Mencius.

"If you dye it in the sky, it will be grey, and if you dye it in the yellow, it will be yellow". Meng Mu, who lived more than 2000 years ago, deeply understood this truth. Wang Chongyin, the director of the office of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center of Zoucheng Cultural Museum, said that according to the "Biography of Lienv", there is a cemetery near Fu Village, and the funeral situation can often be seen. Children in the village imitate the funeral process in groups, and Mencius naturally participated in it, and sometimes even scrambled for fruit.

Meng mother realized that if the child lived in such an environment for a long time, it would affect his healthy growth. In order to find a good living and learning environment, she decided to move. "However, Mencius lost his father when he was young, and it was not easy for his mother to raise his son with Mencius living alone. It was admirable that Mencius made the decision to move."

2、 The house in the west of the city will be relocated next to the city

Zhuge Changqing: Why did Mencius's mother move for the second time? Mencius's mother took Mencius to live next to the market. When we arrived at the market, we saw people killing pigs and cattle. Mencius and his neighbor's children learned to kill pigs and cattle. Bow to welcome guests, entertain guests, and bargain with guests. The performance is very similar! Mencius's mother knew, frowned again: "This place is not suitable for my children to live!"

Mengmu moved to the west of the city from Fu Village outside the north of the city and settled in Miaohuying Village.

It is about 20 kilometers from Fu Village to Qianmiaohuying Community, Fushan Street, and it takes more than half an hour to drive by car. During the Warring States Period, the road was rugged. The Meng family is neither a dignitary nor a noble person. The economy should not be rich, and it is difficult to have carriages and horses. The mother of Meng, who has traveled with her young son, must have taken a lot of trouble and toil.

However, compared with the remote village of Fu, the Miaohu camp in the suburb of the city is much more lively. "At that time, Miaohuying was a 'day is the market' trading market. The local people brought local groceries to the market to trade. The market was bustling with merchants and bargains. For children, such scenes were very attractive. Mencius, who was good at imitating, also learned to sell loudly along the street in the manner of businessmen, and became a bit of penny-pinching. The mother of Mencius, who did not want her son to be infected with the smell of philistinism, was disappointed and had to decide to move again " Wang Chongyin said.

In the Qianmiaohuying Community, the 80-year-old Meng Xianghui told the reporter that the "house near the city" should be located at the Sanqian Temple of Meng's mother.

Mengmu Sanqian Shrine is an ancient house built of blue-black bricks and tiles. The doors, beams and columns are painted with new paint. The ancestral hall is located from north to south, with 3 main rooms and 3 auxiliary rooms in the east and west. The main room is the Mother of Mencius Shrine, in which the central shrine is dedicated to the image of Mencius' parents, and the east side is equipped with the image of Mencius. The walls on the east and west sides of the cloister in front of the temple are inlaid with two stone tablets, namely, the stele on the creation of the Yasheng Temple and the stele on the addition of sacrificial offerings to the fields in the temple camp, which record the history of the temple.

Meng Linghua, secretary of the Party branch of the former Miaohuying Community, said that the Temple of Three Movements of Mencius' Mother was built in the 52nd year of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1713 AD). It was funded and built by the descendants of Chengxi family of Mencius' 20 families, and there was a dedicated sacrificial field for sacrifice. In the ancestral hall, the original stone tablet of "The Ancestral Temple of Three Movements of the Mother of Mencius" was moved into the Temple of Mencius for preservation.

From September 1994 to the New Year's Day of 1996, Zoucheng Municipal Cultural Relics Management Department coordinated with Qianmiao Village, Houmiao Village, Mengzhuang and others to raise more than 400000 yuan to renovate the ancestral hall, build a ancestral hall gate, copy the stone tablet of "The Temple of Mencius Mother Moved Three Times", and rebuild it on the east side of the door. A new "Meng Mu Yide Hall" will be built in the west of the hall to display the story of Meng Mu's three moves.

"In the past, there was a big cypress tree in the southeast of the main hall of the ancestral hall. Three people could hold it together. It was thicker than the big cypress tree in the Song Dynasty in the Meng Temple! In 1959, when there was a famine, the villagers were hungry, pulled the tree down, sold it for 300 yuan, and became the food expenses of the brigade. Now it's a pity to think about it."

Meng Xianghui said that there is another allusion about the Temple of Three Movements of Mother Meng, which is called "Five Roads and Three Rivers". "Five roads" refers to five roads passing by here, and "three rivers" refers to three big pits around the ancestral hall. "As long as I can remember, there are three big pits, which are said to have been left when the ancestral hall was built and the earth was collected around."

In 1996, when the ancestral hall was rebuilt, two large pits were filled up and the gourd-shaped pit on the southeast side was transformed into a landscape pool. Relying on this landscape pool, Qianmiaohuying Community has gradually built this area into a three-move park and become a good place for residents to take a walk and relax after lunch.

Similar to Fu Village, 80% of the villagers in Miaohuying Community are descendants of the Meng family, and the custom of ancestor worship has remained to this day. "In addition to the worship on the second day of the fourth lunar month every year, on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month every year, we will come to the Temple of Mencius and invite the old ancestors to go home for porridge; during the Spring Festival, we will invite the old ancestors to go home for the New Year; when young people get married, we will also invite the old ancestors to go home as a witness." Meng Xianghui said piously.

3、 Young children can live beside the school palace

Zhuge Changqing: Why did Mencius's mother move for the third time? The third move: they moved again. This time, they moved near the school. Mencius began to be orderly, polite and fond of reading. At this time, Mencius's mother nodded with satisfaction and said, "This is the place where my son should live!" So she settled down there. When Mencius grew up, she learned six skills and gained the reputation of a great scholar. The gentleman thought that this was the result of Mencius' gradual enlightenment.

Departing from the prosperous Miaohu camp in the market, the mother of Meng moved to the ancient county town of Zoucheng in the southeast, which is the place of Meng Fu in the south of today's Zoucheng, about 5 kilometers away.

Wang Chongyin said that "the mother of Mencius was resettled next to the school palace". The school palace refers to Zisi Academy, which is said to be founded by Confucius' direct grandson.

Zhuge Changqing: A good academy can educate people and change society. It's amazing.

"There are a large number of learned and polite scholars gathered here. The sound of Lang Lang in the academy, the elegant charm, calm demeanor and elegant manner of the Confucian scholars, made Mencius novel. Gradually, he also gathered under the big tree with the children of his neighbors, and practiced the etiquette of bowing in and out of the school. Mencius was very happy to see this, and thought 'I can live with my son', so she settled down."

Liu Xianghong, the curator of Zoucheng City Cultural Museum, lives 200 meters north of Mengfu. When he studied at Nanguan Primary School (now Mengzi Primary School), he also took classes in Mengfu and Mengmiao. He is quite familiar with this area and volunteered to be a "guide".

"The Meng Mansion is the residence of Mencius' direct descendants. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1331 AD), Emperor Wenzong granted Mencius the title of 'Ya Sheng Gong of Zou'. Since then, it has been called 'Ya Sheng Mansion', also known as' Meng Mansion '. The Meng Mansion was built at an ominous time. It is presumed that the Meng Mansion was built at the same time as the Meng Temple was built in the fourth year of Song Jingyou (1037 AD). After the changes and expansion of the past dynasties, it has reached its current scale." Liu Xianghong said.

Compared with the former residence of Mencius and the Sanqian Temple of Mencius' mother, the former official residence and the later residence of Mencius are much more generous and dignified. There are seven courtyards in front and back, and 148 buildings, halls, pavilions and rooms. It is a typical ancient noble residence.

Among the Meng Mansions, the Ritual Gate and the Ritual Gate can best show the majesty and grandeur of the Meng Mansion and the way of Confucius and Mencius. The first entrance to the courtyard through the gate, the second gate due north, is called "Ritual Gate". Its architectural form is basically the same as that of the gate, but the door opening has three openings, and the words "Li Men Yi Lu" are written on the lintel in the center. In the middle of the six black painted doors are two painted knife-holding warriors with top helmets and armor, and the four on the two sides are painted with the image of civil servants holding Wat.

Inside the ceremony gate, there is a gate tower with cornices and colored arches, which is called the "ceremony gate". Liu Xianghong said that the door was closed at ordinary times. Only when the emperor came, read the edict, held a festive ceremony or a major sacrificial ceremony, did it open slowly in the sound of 13 salute guns. Moreover, the instrument door is not built as every household wants to build it. Only the "Bangjun" who ranks as the marquis of the land is qualified to build this kind of door.

"In 1976, when I was in primary school, our first grade classroom was located in the gratitude hall of Mengfu on the west side of Mengfu. The first floor was the classroom, and the second floor was the teacher's office. After the Tangshan earthquake, for fear of being unsafe in the classroom, the school arranged us to have classes in the Meng Temple on the east side of Mengfu, and the small blackboard was nailed to the cypress." Liu Xianghong recalled.

In the forest of Mongmiao steles north of the Qisheng Gate on Mongmiao East Road, we found the nail hole Liu Xianghong said on the first big cypress on the east side of the gate. The towering ancient cypress has rough lines, and the nail hole is hidden between the tree lines, which is difficult to distinguish. It seems to be deliberately hidden and unwilling to recall the past.

Walk north through the corridor lined with steles. At the end of the road is the Apocalypse Hall, which is dedicated to the statue of Mencius' father, Meng Sunji. Behind the Hall of Enlightenment is the Hall of Mencius' Mother, which was built in the 10th year of the reign of Emperor Hongzhi of the Ming Dynasty (1497 AD). Inside the Hall is the wooden tablet of Mencius' Mother.

4、 Teach yourself and keep your word

Zhuge Changqing: Mencius' mother not only found a good learning environment for her children, but also gave them strict education. It was Mencius who was finally able to learn a lot of talents.

After Mencius' mother moved three times and settled in the "school palace", she soon sent Mencius to Zisi Academy to study and learn the six skills of rites, music and archery.

Liu Xianghong said that Zisi Academy was built in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and has been restored and rebuilt in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties for more than 2000 years. In 1933, in his book "Records of Confucius Relics - Other Zou and Lu Relics of Yanmeng", the Japanese Mashang Chunji described the Zisi Temple in this way: three doors in the south of the Sanqian Temple, with the inscription of "Say the Holy Temple", a stone tablet on the west side of the door, and the six-character stone inscription of "Zisizi's Meditation"; On the west side of the east side, there is a monument that "reproduces the records of the Sage Yu Sizi Temple in Zou County". A stele pavilion was built in the center of the backyard after entering the gate, and the stele of Qianlong's "Holy Praise" was erected in the pavilion. The main hall at the back of the pavilion is the Shusheng Hall, which is hung with a plaque of "Sexuality and Heaven Shuzu" granted by Emperor Yongzheng. There are more than 20 monasteries, Shendu Zhai, the Medieval House, Zisi Academy and lecture halls. In October 1945, Liu Zhaogeng, the head of Zou County, led the Ministry to demolish it after burning incense and kowtowing on the grounds of obstructing the city defense.

"Last year, archaeologists unearthed the site of Zisi Academy of the Yuan Dynasty, which is more than 700 years old, 500 meters north of Mengfu and on the south bank of the Yinli River. At the same time, they also found the site of the Temple of Mencius. The shape of the site is clear, the brick paving from the gate of the Temple of Mencius to the temple is well preserved, and more than 10 stone inscriptions have been unearthed during the clearing of the ancient river course of the Yinli River. This also confirms the last residence of Mencius' three moves," Liu Xianghong said.

"Mengmu's education of Mencius does not only focus on the external environment, but also on teaching by words and deeds. There are many allusions about Mengmu's education of Mencius in Confucian classics," Wang Chongyin said.

According to Han Shiwaizhuan, when Mencius was young, he recited poems at home while his mother was spinning. Mencius stopped suddenly. After a while, recite again. Knowing that he must have forgotten, Mother Meng stopped him and asked him why he stopped in the middle? Mencius replied, "I have forgotten something and remembered it again." Mencius took the knife and cut the cloth she was weaving, and warned Mencius that if the silk was broken, it could not be woven again. From then on, Mencius no longer forgot the book because of distraction.

Zhuge Changqing: Mencius doesn't read carefully. Mencius's mother doesn't beat and scold children, but enlightens them!! She cut short the hard woven cloth to alert Mencius. Mencius studied hard from then on.

It is also a "broken weave metaphor". "Lienv Zhuan" records another version, which is also a more widely spread statement among the people. Mencius was very naughty when he was young. Once when his mother was weaving at home, she heard that Mencius came back from school early. She asked, "Why is school so early today?" Mencius replied disapprovingly, "I came back early if I wanted to."

After hearing this, Mencius' mother was very angry and felt that it was very bad for Menke to help him become a talent. So she picked up a knife and cut the cloth she was weaving. She said to him, "You leave home early today, just like I cut the unfinished cloth. If you can't insist, you will always give up halfway, and eventually you will give up all your previous achievements and achieve nothing." Mencius was afraid and ashamed to see her mother cut the hard woven cloth, and dare not relax a little sooner or later, Study hard all day long.

Wang Chongyin said that the two versions of the story are different. The essence of the story and the final destination are the same. They express the same emotional sustenance. They are both praise for the words and deeds of Mencius' mother and the continuous improvement of her son's personality. "This is the characteristic of folk literature: a thousand people, a thousand versions, speak a thousand feelings, but the theme remains the same. This is not a special case in the allusions of Mencius' mother and son."

5、 The mother, the sage and the son, the sage

Zhuge Changqing: The mother of Mencius encouraged Mencius to be bold and resolute, and made Mencius a hundred times more confident, thus making great contributions to the continuous prosperity of Confucian culture and ideology.

Mencius next to Zisi Academy grew up to be a man, and weak crown married. Meng's mother continued his education and left many good stories.

"In the Warring States period, Mencius was very polite. He should sit in the room, and the way of sitting is different from that of modern people. He should sit on his heels, not at will. If someone comes to visit, he should kneel down and stand up to show respect." Wang Chongyin said.

Once, when Mencius went home, he pushed the door directly into the room and saw his wife squatting in the room. Mencius felt that his wife did not conform to the rules of etiquette, so he told his mother that she wanted to divorce her.

After hearing this, Mencius said to Mencius, "This is your rudeness, not your wife's rudeness. According to the requirements of etiquette, when you want to enter the door, you should first ask who is in the room. Before entering the hall, you should raise your voice to let others know that you are coming in and be ready to meet.

Before entering the door, you should also look at the ground, not at others. So how can you divorce your wife if you don't keep your manners first? " After hearing this, Mencius felt that what his mother had said was reasonable, because he was not thoughtful enough and was rude first, so he gave up the idea of divorcing his wife.

"Cultivate one's moral integrity, unify one's family, govern the country and level the world" is the creed respected by Confucianism, and Mencius is no exception. When he became an adult, Mencius "became a man of virtue" and wanted to follow Confucius' example in traveling around the world to realize his political ideal. However, Mencius's journey was not smooth. During the Warring States period when the vassal states were fighting for hegemony, all countries wanted to enrich the country and strengthen the military, and annexed other countries. Mencius's idea of "benevolent government" was rarely recognized.

In 329 BC, the 43-year-old Mencius first came to the State of Qi. The king of Qi Wei immediately granted him the title of minister, ranking among the three ministers and holding the post of minister. Mencius thought he had met his bosom friend and was ambitious. Mencius suggested that King Wei of Qi should "practice benevolence with virtue", but King Wei of Qi did not accept it. Gradually, Mencius found that although the king of Qi gave himself high position, he did not give himself real power, nor did he agree with his ideas of governing the country.

According to the Biography of Lienv, one day, Mencius was in a bad mood. His mother asked him why, Mencius confided to his mother, "We students go to a country, and if the monarch does not approve or agree with his own ideas, we will leave. Now the monarch does not agree with my country governance ideas, and I want to leave, but mother, you are old and it is not convenient to leave, so I'd better be patient." After hearing this, Mencius immediately stopped: "You mustn't be patient. Our women insist on 'three obediences'. When they are young, they should follow their parents, when they marry, they should follow their husbands, and when their husbands die, they should follow their sons. This is etiquette. Today you are an adult, and I am old. I am a woman's family. I want to keep my etiquette. You are a scholar, and you want to keep your righteousness. So do what you should do, and leave when you leave." Mencius's words swept away Mencius's worries, and he left Qi and traveled around the world.

"Mencius' mother played a positive role in the growth and development of her son and even in the formation of Mencius' thought. Mencius' thought of benevolence, harmony between heaven, earth and man, and the formation of the idea of valuing the people and valuing the monarch are inseparable from Mencius' education. Mencius' mother left a complete set of teaching programs for future generations, from careful starting, encouraging, tasting, encouraging, and even teaching by word and example. She herself has also become a model mother with a long history, and is generally respected in Chinese history." Wang Chongyin said that in history, many emperors have specially evaluated or pursued the title of Mencius' mother. For example, Song Zhezong highly valued Mencius who "did not owe his credit to Yu", and even more highly valued Mencius' mother who made Mencius. In the third year of Yuan Yanyou (1316 AD), Emperor Renzong of the Yuan Dynasty granted Meng Mu as the wife of Xuanxian of the State of Zhu. In the third year of Qianlong's reign (1738 AD), the word "Duan Fan" was added to the title of Meng Mu, which was called "Madame Duan Fan Xuanxian of the State of Zhu". Later generations even listed Meng's mother as "one of the four most virtuous mothers in China" and regarded her as "the first person of maternal religion".

In Zoucheng, the hometown of Mencius, the legend of Mencius' mother and godson has spread widely. People have inherited this precious intangible cultural heritage in a popular way, and the folk have also interpreted the allusions of Mencius' mother and godson in various forms. Li Ping, deputy director of the Zoucheng Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film, Television and Press, said that since 2007, Zoucheng has held a "Chinese Mother's Culture Festival" every year, creating a series of cultural brands of Mencius and Mencius families, such as "Mencius' Hometown - Teaching and Learning Tour". "In the recommended list of the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects publicized by the Ministry of Culture on July 16, the folk literature" The Legend of Mencius' Mother and the Son "we submitted was listed, which will promote the spread of Confucianism and promote the promotion of maternal culture."

References for this article:

1. The Dazhong Daily published a special interview prepared by Chen Juhui, Gao Xiang and Hu Sijiao, "The Mother of Mencius Moves to Three Neighbors and Teaches the Righteous Rites by Example"

2. Liu Xiang of Han Dynasty, Biography of Lienv · Zou Mengke's Mother

3. Three Character Classic, a traditional Confucian book

父母为孩子创造好的环境、严格管教、增强信心，非常重要。

----- 诸葛长青

   子女教育，什么最重要？

     子女教育要注意什么？

   诸葛长青分析古今发现，结合“孟母三迁”故事认为，子女教育有三个因素很重要：

   第一是要给孩子一个好的环境。

   诸葛长青认为，孩子没有分辨能力，不知对错，所以，做父母的一定要为孩子创造一个有学习、善德、仁爱好氛围。

    第二是要严格管教。

   诸葛长青认为，子女教育，最好的老师实际上是父母。父母要带头孝敬父母、带头勤奋努力、带头行善积德。同时严格管理孩子。孩子不听话，不要打骂，不要说脏话，不要仇恨，而是思考用一些案例故事启迪。让孩子自己反思自己。

   第三是要给孩子增强信心。

   诸葛长青认为，好孩子都是夸奖出来的。做父母的要始终鼓励孩子，让孩子信心坚定。不要让孩子感到自卑难过。

    做到了这些，就为孩子“修身、齐家、治国、平天下”奠定了基础。

   子女教育，是家庭、国家、世界的大事情，要认真对待。

   古代有一个子女教育案例值得我们分享。

   这就是儒家传统文化案例故事“孟母三迁”。

    古人说：近朱者赤、近墨者黑。

    古人还说：染于苍则苍,染于黄则黄。

   孟母为教育好幼小的孟子，曾为选择环境搬家三次，终于把孟子培养成为一代大儒。孟子是儒家重要传承者，和孔子一起被称为“孔孟之道”。

   后遂以“孟母择邻、孟母三迁、三迁之教、孟母三徙、徙宅、孟母邻、孟邻”等写慈母希望子女成才，选择良好的教育环境，教育有方；亦或表示迁居不定。

   汉刘向《列女传·邹孟轲母》、儒家传统书籍《三字经》讲了“孟母三迁”的故事。

   邹孟轲的母亲，被称为孟母，孟子小的时候非常调皮。

   第一次搬迁：有一次，他们住在墓地旁边。孟子就和邻居的小孩一起学着大人跪拜、哭嚎的样子，玩起办理丧事的游戏。孟子的妈妈看到了，就皱起眉头：“不行！我不能让我的孩子住在这里了！”

   第二次搬迁：孟子的妈妈就带着孟子搬到市集旁边去住。到了市集看见了杀猪杀牛的，孟子又和邻居的小孩，学起杀猪杀牛的样子。一会儿鞠躬欢迎客人、一会儿招待客人、一会儿和客人讨价还价，表演得像极了！孟子的妈妈知道了，又皱皱眉头：“这个地方也不适合我的孩子居住！”

   第三次搬迁：于是，他们又搬家了。这一次，他们搬到了学校附近。孟子开始变得守秩序、懂礼貌、喜欢读书。这个时候，孟子的妈妈很满意地点着头说：“这才是我儿子应该住的地方呀！”于是就定居在那里了，等孟子长大成人后,学成六艺,获得大儒的名望.君子以为这都是孟母逐步教化的结果。
   《大众日报》刊登了陈巨慧、高翔、胡思姣专门采访编写的《孟母择邻迁三居、言传身教明义礼》让我们体会了孟母三迁的传统文化意义。

   “昔孟母,择邻处；子不学,断机杼。”

   孟母教子是启蒙读物《三字经》中引证的第一个典故。《三字经》自宋朝起世代相传,孟母教子的故事也随着朗朗上口的韵文,家喻户晓、妇孺皆知,启迪着一代又一代人的心灵。
   典籍中对于孟母三迁的记载最早出现于西汉儒学家刘向的《列女传》中。近日,随着“孟母教子传说”成功入选第四批国家级非物质文化遗产名录,孟母仉氏言传身教造就一代圣人的故事再次升温。7月29日,迎着三伏天的热浪,循着孟母的足迹,记者来到“邹鲁圣地”——邹城,重走孟母三迁路。
   一、凫村故宅　近墓而迁

    诸葛长青：孟子母亲第一次为何为孩子搬迁？第一次搬迁：有一次，他们住在墓地旁边。孟子就和邻居的小孩一起学着大人跪拜、哭嚎的样子，玩起办理丧事的游戏。孟子的妈妈看到了，就皱起眉头：“不行！我不能让我的孩子住在这里了！”
   孟子(公元前372年-公元前289年),名轲,字子舆,出生于邹城城北约10公里处的凫村。新中国成立前,凫村隶属邹县,上世纪五十年代,济宁专区行政区划变更,将凫村划归曲阜。
   从邹城城区沿104国道驱车向北,约20分钟后我们抵达凫村。村口“孟子故里”的古式木牌坊犹如凫村的“招牌”,让想找到它的人很难错过。虽非古物,牌坊漆面斑驳,已经黯淡得难辨颜色,倍显沧桑。
   穿过牌坊,顺着村中大街往西走,首先映入眼帘的是“山东省重点文物保护单位——凫村古村落”的立碑。再往前走,路北是一座略显陈旧的古院落。院落位于一条小河东岸,由青瓦灰砖的墙体围合而成,门楼坐北朝南,灰褐色的大门不见漆光,门环锈迹斑斑,唯有门楣上悬着的“孟子故宅”立匾,朱漆金字格外鲜亮。
   河边墙根下,几位老人正在纳凉聊天。64岁的孟庆代是孟氏第73代孙,他告诉记者,孟子故宅历史久远,明朝时加以修复。院北有正殿三间,供奉着孟子父母、孟子及孟氏四十五代孙、中兴祖孟宁。东院还有三间更衣厅。“这里是孟子小时候住的地方,每年四月初二孟子诞辰日,天南海北的孟氏后裔拜完了孟庙,都要来这里看看。”

   诸葛长青：孟子诞辰是四月初二。祭祀孟子的日子。
   孟子故宅前曾有个大池塘,古称“孟母池”,相传占地3余亩,常年有水,冬春不涸。河西有一口口径约1米的砖砌井称作“孟母井”,现已经被圈入村民院落中,井台旁曾立有一块清朝光绪年间的“重修井台碑”,20世纪五六十年代遭到破坏,不见了踪影。据村中老人讲,过去这口井被视作圣井,特别是当地的大姑娘、小媳妇都争相饮用此井之水,希望自己也能成为孟母式的贤妻良母。如今,这口井天不旱时还会有甘泉沁出,但早已无人再用。

    诸葛长青：“孟母池”这口井应当恢复起来，起到教化社会、滋润人们心田作用，
   孟庆代介绍说,孟子故宅西侧南北流向的小河,名叫白马河。

   传说,因孟子的母亲在白马河畔洗衣服,见凫鸟落于水,视为吉祥物,故取村名为“凫村”。

  老人所说的孟母林,就在凫村东不远处的马鞍山东侧,是孟子父母的合葬地。后世人认为“母以三迁之教,历天下后世推原所自功莫大焉”,所以林地称为“孟母林”。
   记者向老人们打探孟子的家世和在凫村居住时的情况,由于年代过于久远,老人们所知不详,只说孟子父辈并非读书人,也不是什么名门望族。孟氏子孙在村子里繁衍至今,现在村里80%以上都是孟子后裔。
   “染于苍则苍,染于黄则黄”,生活在2000多年前的孟母就深刻明白这一道理。邹城市文化馆非遗保护中心办公室主任王崇印说,根据《列女传》记载,凫村附近是一片墓地,时常能够看到丧葬的情形,村中儿童三五成群地模仿丧葬的过程,孟子自然也参与其中,有时还哄抢供果吃。

   孟母意识到,孩子如果长期在这样的环境中生活,将影响他的健康成长,为寻找一个好的生活学习环境,决定迁居。“不过,孟子幼年丧父,带着孟子独自生活的孟母仉氏抚养儿子本已不易,毅然作出迁居的决定令人钦佩。”
   二、城西之舍　临市再迁

   诸葛长青：孟子母亲为何第二次搬迁？孟子的妈妈就带着孟子搬到市集旁边去住。到了市集看见了杀猪杀牛的，孟子又和邻居的小孩，学起杀猪杀牛的样子。一会儿鞠躬欢迎客人、一会儿招待客人、一会儿和客人讨价还价，表演得像极了！孟子的妈妈知道了，又皱皱眉头：“这个地方也不适合我的孩子居住！”
   孟母迁居,自城北外的凫村来到城西,在庙户营村落脚。
   从凫村到凫山街道前庙户营社区约20公里路程,汽车行驶需半个多小时。在战国时期,这段路,定诸多崎岖。孟家既非达官,也非贵人,经济应该并不宽裕,也难有车马,携幼子跋涉的孟母,想必是颇费了一番周折和劳顿。
   然而,相较于偏僻的凫村,位于城郊的庙户营明显热闹了许多。“那时的庙户营是一个‘日中为市’的交易集市,附近的老百姓带土产杂货来到集市交易,市场上行商坐贾,讨价还价,喧嚣热闹。对于孩子来说,这样的场面有莫大的吸引力,善于模仿的孟子也学着商人的样子沿街高声叫卖,并沾染了些锱铢必较的习气。不愿儿子沾染市侩气息的孟母顿觉失望,只好决定再次迁居。”王崇印说。
在前庙户营社区,80岁的孟祥辉老人告诉记者,当年的“市傍之舍”,应该就在孟母三迁祠处。
   孟母三迁祠是一座青黑色砖瓦构建的古宅,门梁柱等油漆一新,雕梁画栋,流光溢彩。祠堂坐北向南,有正房3间,东西配房各3间。正房为孟母祠,祠内正中神龛供奉孟子父母像,东侧置孟子像龛。祠前回廊东西两侧的墙上,镶有《创建亚圣祠碑记》《庙户营添设祭田碑记》两块石碑,记录着祠堂的历史。
   前庙户营社区党支部书记孟令华介绍,孟母三迁祠始建于清康熙五十二年(公元1713年),是孟氏20户中的城西户后裔筹资兴建的,并有专置的祭田以供祭祀。祠堂内原有《孟母三迁祠》石碑,后移入孟庙保存。

   1994年9月至1996年元旦,邹城市文物管理部门协调前庙村、后庙村、孟庄等筹资40余万元对祠堂进行了重修,建祠门一座,复制《孟母三迁祠》石碑,重新树于门外东侧。并在殿西新建“孟母懿德堂”一座,陈列孟母三迁故事展板。
   “以前,祠堂大殿东南边有一棵大柏树,三个人合抱才能抱过来,比孟庙里宋朝的大柏树还粗呢!1959年闹饥荒,村里人挨了饿,把大树拉倒,卖了三百块钱,当了大队的伙食费,现在想想真是可惜了。”

   孟祥辉说,关于孟母三迁祠还有个典故,叫作“五路三江口”。“五路”说的是有五条路在此经过,“三江”指的是祠堂的周围有三个大坑。“从我记事起,就有这三个大坑,据说是当年修建祠堂时在周围取土时留下的。”

   1996年,重修祠堂时,两个大坑被填平,东南侧的葫芦形大坑被改建为景观水池,依托这一景观水塘,前庙户营社区又逐步把这一片区域打造成为了三迁公园,成为居民茶余饭后散步休闲的好去处。
   与凫村相似,庙户营社区百分之八十的村民为孟氏后裔,祭祖的习俗保留至今。“除每年农历四月初二的祭拜外,每年农历腊月初八,要到孟母三迁祠来,请老祖宗回家喝粥；春节时,要来请老祖宗回家过年；年轻人结婚时,也要来把老祖宗请回家作见证。”孟祥辉说得虔诚。
   三、学宫之旁　幼子可居

   诸葛长青：孟子母亲为何第三次搬迁？第三次搬迁：他们又搬家了。这一次，他们搬到了学校附近。孟子开始变得守秩序、懂礼貌、喜欢读书。这个时候，孟子的妈妈很满意地点着头说：“这才是我儿子应该住的地方呀！”于是就定居在那里了，等孟子长大成人后,学成六艺,获得大儒的名望.君子以为这都是孟母逐步教化的结果。
   离别市集繁荣的庙户营,孟母迁往东南方的邹城古县城,即今邹城城南孟府处,路程约5公里。
   王崇印介绍,“孟母复徙舍学宫之旁”,学宫指的是子思书院,传说为孔子嫡孙子思创立。

   诸葛长青：一个好的书院，可以教化人心、改变社会，令人赞叹啊。

  “这里聚集着大批有学问懂礼仪的读书人。书院里的琅琅书声,儒生们的高雅气韵、从容风范、优雅举止,令孟子新奇,渐渐地,他也和邻居的孩子们群集在大树底下,有模有样地演练学宫中揖让进退的礼仪。孟母见状非常高兴,认为‘可以居吾子也’,就定居下来。”
   邹城市文化馆馆长刘向宏的家就在孟府北200米处,在南关小学(今孟子小学)读书时还在孟府、孟庙里上过课,对这一片相当熟悉,自告奋勇当起了“导游”。
    “孟府是孟子嫡系后裔居住的府第,元至顺二年(公元1331年),文宗皇帝封孟子为‘邹国亚圣公’,从此,这里就被称为‘亚圣府’,也叫‘孟府’。孟府始建年代不祥,据推测是宋景佑四年(公元1037年)建孟庙的同时,建造了孟府。后经历代变迁和扩建,就有了现今的规模。”刘向宏说。
   与孟子故宅和孟母三迁祠相比,前官衙、后内宅的孟府要大方气派得多,前后有七进院落,楼、堂、阁、室148间,是一座典型的古代贵族府邸。
   孟府中,最能彰显孟府威严煊赫气势和孔孟之道的是礼门和仪门。穿过大门里面的第一进院落,正北的二门就叫“礼门”。其建筑形式与大门基本相同,但门洞为三启,正中门楣上横书“礼门义路”四字。六扇黑漆大门的正中两扇彩绘顶盔披甲的执刀武士,两侧的四扇则彩绘着执笏的文官形象。
   礼门之内,是一座飞檐彩拱的门楼,名为“仪门”。刘向宏说,此门平时紧闭不启,只有皇帝驾临、宣读圣旨、举行喜庆大典或重大祭祀仪式时,才在13响礼炮声中徐徐开启。而且,仪门并非家家户户想建就建,只有列土封侯的“邦君”才有资格建造这种门。
   “1976年,我刚上小学的时候,我们一年级的教室设在孟府西侧的孟府感恩堂。一楼是教室,二楼是老师的办公室。唐山大地震发生后,怕在教室里不安全,学校把我们安排在孟府东临的孟庙里上课,小黑板就钉在柏树上。”刘向宏回忆说。
   在孟庙东路启圣门北的孟庙碑林里,我们在大门东侧第一棵大柏树上找到刘向宏所说的钉眼。参天的古柏纹路粗糙,钉眼掩盖在树纹之间,难已辨别,似乎刻意隐藏,不愿忆起那段往事。
   向北走过碑碣林立的甬道,路的尽头是供奉着孟子父亲孟孙激塑像的启圣殿。启圣殿后,则是始建于明弘治十年(公元1497年)的孟母殿,殿内供奉着孟母的木主牌位。
   四、言传身教　克己守信

   诸葛长青：孟子母亲不仅为孩子找了好的学习环境，而且对孩子严格教育，是孟子终于能够博学多才、从此一飞冲天。
   孟母三迁定居“学宫旁”后,不久就送孟子进入子思书院读书,学习礼乐射御术数六艺。
   刘向宏介绍,子思书院始建于春秋末年,历经元、明、清三代修复重建,连绵2000余年。1933年,日本人马场春吉在他所著的《孔子圣迹志·附颜孟其它邹鲁遗迹》中,这样描述子思祠:三迁祠南面门三间,题额“述圣庙”三字,门外西侧立一碑,书“子思子作中庸处”六字石刻；东侧西面立“重摹邹县述圣于思子庙记”碑。进门后院中央建一碑亭,亭内立乾隆“述圣赞”碑。亭后正殿为述圣殿,挂有雍正帝御赐“性天述祖”牌匾,内设有修道堂、慎独斋、中庸精舍、子思书院及讲堂二十余间。1945年10月,邹县县长刘昭庚以有碍城防为由,烧香叩首许愿后,率部将其拆除。
   “去年,考古工作人员在孟府北500米、因利河南岸出土了距今700余年的元代子思书院遗址,同时也发现了孟母祠遗址。遗址形制清晰,孟母祠大门通向祠堂的砖铺路保存完好,并且已在因利河古河道清理中出土10余幢碑刻遗物。这也印证了孟母三迁最后的住处。”刘向宏说。
   “孟母对孟子的教育并不只注重外部环境,同样注重言传身教。儒家典籍中,记载了不少孟母教子的典故。”王崇印说。
   《韩诗外传》中记载,孟子年少时,在家中背诵诗文,他的母亲在一旁纺织。孟子突然停了下来。过了一会儿,再背。孟母知道他肯定是忘记了,叫住了他,并问他为什么要中间停下来?孟子回答说:“有些忘记了,又记了起来。”孟母拿起刀子割断了她正在织的布,告诫孟子,丝断了就无法再织。从此以后,孟子不再因分心而遗忘书文了。

   诸葛长青：孟子读书不认真，孟子母亲不是打骂孩子，而是给孩子启迪！！她剪短了辛苦织布起来的布，警醒孟子。孟子从此努力学习。
  同样是“断织喻学”,《列女传》记载了另一版本,也是民间流传更为广泛的一种说法。孟子幼时十分顽皮,一次孟母在家织布,却听到孟子早早地放学回来了,便问道:“今天放学怎么这么早?”孟子不以为然地答道:“我自己想回来就提前回来了。”

   孟母听后非常生气,觉得助长孟轲这种行为非常不利于他成才,于是便拿起刀来割断了正在织的布,对他说:“你今天早退回家,就像我割断这还没有织完的布一样,如果你不能坚持,总是这样半途而废,最终会前功尽弃,一事无成。”孟子见到母亲把辛苦织的布割断了,很害怕也很惭愧,从此早晚不敢有半点松懈,终日勤奋读书。
   王崇印说,这两个故事版本不同,故事的本质和最后的落脚点是一样的,表达的是一样的情感寄托,都是对于孟母言传身、不断完善儿子人格的颂扬。“这就是民间文学的特质:一千个人,一千个版本,讲出一千种感觉,但主旨不变。在孟母教子的典故中,这并不是特例。”
   五、知礼明义　母贤子圣
   诸葛长青：孟子母亲，鼓励孟子敢想敢干，坚定信心，让孟子信心百倍，从而为儒家文化思想持续繁荣做出了巨大贡献。

   子思书院旁的孟子长大成年,弱冠娶妻。孟母对他的教育依旧延续,留下了不少佳话。
  “孟子所处的战国时代,非常讲究礼仪,在房间里要坐着,且坐法与现代人不同,要坐在自己的脚后跟上,不可随意。如果有人来访,则要跪坐,上身直立起来以示尊重。”王崇印说。
   一次,孟子回家后直接推门进屋,看到妻子在房间里蹲着。孟子觉得妻子这样做不合礼仪规范,便告知孟母想休掉妻子。

   孟母听后对孟子说:“这是你无礼,而非你的妻子无礼。根据礼的要求,人要进门时,应先问问屋里有谁在。登堂前,声音要提高,让别人知道你要进来,做好迎接的准备。

   进门前,眼睛也要看着地面,而不是直视别人。所以这件事是你先不守礼,又怎可休掉妻子呢?”孟子听后觉得母亲所说有理,是自己思虑不够周全,失礼在先,就打消了休妻的念头。
    “修身、齐家、治国、平天下”是儒生尊崇的信条,孟子也不例外。成年后,孟子“道既成”,也想效仿孔子周游列国,实现自己的政治理想。但孟子的旅程并不顺利,在诸侯争霸的战国时期,各国都想富国强兵,吞并其他国家,孟子的“仁政”思想鲜受认可。
   公元前329年,43岁的孟子第一次来到齐国。齐威王立即授予他卿位,位居三卿之中,正卿职。孟子以为遇到了知音,雄心勃勃。孟子建议齐威王要“以德行仁”,齐威王并未采纳。渐渐地,孟子发现齐王虽给自己高位,却没有给自己实权,也不认同自己的治国主张。
   据《列女传》记载,一天,孟子心情不好,孟母问他为什么,孟子对孟母倾诉:“我们念书人到一个国家去,如果国君不认可或者认同自己的主张就要离开。现在国君并不认同我的治国主张,我想要离开,但是母亲您年纪大了,离开不太方便,我还是忍耐吧。”孟母听后立马阻止:“你千万不要忍耐,我们妇人讲求‘三从’,年少则从乎父母,出嫁则从乎夫,夫死则从乎子,这是礼。今天你已是成年人,而我也老了,我是妇道人家,我要守我的礼,你是读书人,你要守义。所以该怎么做就怎么做,该离开就离开。”孟母的话将孟子的忧虑一扫而空,遂离开齐国,周游列国。
  “孟母对于儿子的成长、成才乃至孟子思想的形成都起到了积极作用。孟子的仁爱思想、天地人和谐思想、民贵君轻思想的形成都与孟母的教育密不可分。孟母从慎始、励志、敦品、勉学以至言传身教,为后世留下一套完整的教子方案,她本人也成为名垂千秋万世的模范母亲,在中国历史上受到普遍尊崇。”王崇印说，历史上不少皇帝都专门评价或追封过孟母,比如宋哲宗高度评价了“功不在禹下”的孟子,更高度评价了成就了孟子的孟母。元延佑三年(公元1316年),元仁宗追封孟母为邾国宣献夫人。乾隆三年(公元1738年),在孟母封号上再加“端范”二字,称“邾国端范宣献夫人”。后世之人更将孟母列入“中国四大贤母之一”,奉为“母教第一人”。
   在孟子故里邹城,孟母教子的传说流传甚广,人们以喜闻乐见的方式传承着这一宝贵的非物质文化遗产,民间也以各种形式演绎着孟母教子的典故。邹城市文广新局副局长李平介绍,自2007年起,邹城市每年举办一次“中华母亲文化节”,打造了诸如“孟子故里——教子有方修学游”等一系列孟母、孟子家族文化品牌。“在文化部7月16日公示的第四批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录推荐名单中,我们报送的民间文学《孟母教子传说》榜上有名,这将更有利地促进儒家思想的传播,推动母教文化的弘扬。”
   本文参考资料：

   1、《大众日报》刊登了陈巨慧、高翔、胡思姣专门采访编写的《孟母择邻迁三居、言传身教明义礼》

   2、汉刘向《列女传·邹孟轲母》

   3、儒家传统书籍《三字经》

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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