Research on Taoist Culture: Legend of Taoist Tianshi Zhang

道教文化研究：道教张天师传奇

Blessed life is limitless. Taoist culture is the shining pearl of Chinese culture.

------Zhuge Changqing

Blessed life is limitless and primitive. Lingbao senior. The moral supremacy. Taiyi saved the bitter god.

Chinese culture is broad and profound. Taoist culture is the shining pearl among them.

Since Pangu opened heaven and earth, three emperors and five emperors to the present day, Taoist culture is like the gurgling flow of the original spring, giving birth to an endless culture of wisdom.

Zhuge Changqing believes that since Fu Xi and Nu Wa opened up the Chinese nation, Taoism culture has emerged and flourished.

Turning to the history of Chinese Taoist culture, we admire, admire and admire the vast powers and infinite wisdom of our ancestors.

Taoism is born out of Taoism culture.

Zhang Daoling (the descendant of Zhang Liang), the master of heaven, has made great contributions.

Zhang Daoling devoted his life to Taoism culture and promoted the prosperity of Taoism.

Zhuge Changqing believed that we should know the Taoist culture, in addition to the Jade Emperor, the Queen Mother, the Tota Li Heavenly King, the Supreme Prince, the Erlang God, Lao Tzu, Chuang Tzu, the Tao Te Ching, the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic, and so on, we should know the outstanding historical and cultural artifacts that have devoted their lives to the Taoist culture - Zhang Daoling, the Tianshi Zhang.

The Taoist culture is extensive and profound, and the gods in the three realms and ten directions are everywhere.

Traditional cultural novels, such as Journey to the West, The Legend of the Gods, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, and The Legend of the White Snake, have elaborated on Taoist culture in detail.

Taoist culture includes all aspects. Take the things around people for example: there are Jade Emperor, Queen Mother, Tota Li, Erlang God, Thunder God, Rain God, Wind God, etc. in the sky; There are city god, land god, water god, tree god, flower god, mountain god, etc. on the ground; There are dragon king, turtle prime minister and river god in the water; Every family has door-god, kitchen god, bedside mother, etc. These immortals perform their duties to protect mankind. People are always influenced by immortal culture. There are more sacrifices to ancestors in the folk; Tieguai Li (Li Tieguai), Han Zhongli (Zhong Lihan), Zhang Guolao, He Xiangu, Lan Caihe, Lv Dongbin, Han Xiangzi, Cao Guouncle and other eight immortals cross the sea; The story of Jiang Taigong's deity; Ghost Valley Immortal Master Story; Zhuge Liang borrows the Dongfeng story; Zhang Liangcheng fairy story; The story of Mazu's mother; Guan Yu, the god of wealth; Zhao Gongming, God of Wealth; Qimen Dunjia; The Eight Diagrams of the Book of Changes; The five elements of yin and yang; Yin and Yang feng shui, etc.

Around the Jade Emperor and the Queen Mother of Heaven, there are four heavenly masters, Zhang Daoling, Ge Xuan, Xu Xun, and Sa Shoujian, to help deal with human affairs. In the process of Tang Monk's taking scriptures from the west, the great good gods and celestial masters were also indispensable to help him. When you read Journey to the West, you can see the process of Sun Wukong's communication with the four great masters. In Journey to the West, Sun Wukong often went to the sky to ask the gods for help, and Tianshi Zhang and others made great contributions.

Zhuge Changqing shared the legend of Taoist culture about Zhang Tianshi (Zhang Daoling).

1、 About Tianshi Zhang Daoling.

Zhuge Changqing: Blessed life is limitless. Taiyi saved the bitter god. Zhang Tianshi is the eighth grandson of Zhang Liang, the founder of the Han Dynasty. Take the benefit of the common people as its own responsibility and the prosperity of Taoism culture as its mission.

Zhang Daoling (34-156 years), who was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty with the character of Fu Han.

It is the eighth grandson of Liu Bang's military commander Zhang Liang (Zi Fang).

Zhang Daoling is the founder of Taoism. Taoist believers called him Zhang Daoling, Zhang Tianshi, Zu Tianshi, and Zhengyi Immortal. Respecting Lao Tzu as the ancestor of Taoism, the author of "Lao Tzu Xianger Note" published in the "Five Thousand Essays of Lao Tzu" expounded the Taoism doctrine, saying that "Tao" is "one", "one scattered form is Qi, and the other gathered form is Tai Shanglaojun". Take "Tao" as the highest belief. In the second year of Yongshou's life (156), Fu Ziheng and his wife Yong ascended to heaven at the age of one hundred and twenty-three.

Zhang Daoling, with the character of Fu Han, was born in Afang Village, Fengxian County (now Fengxian County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province), and is the eighth grandson of Zhang Liang. He is nine feet three inches long, with thick eyebrows and big face, red crown and green eyes, high nose, and three corners in his eyes. He hangs his hands over his knees, has a thick beard, and is very powerful.

Han Guangwu was born in Tianmu Mountain ten years ago. His mother dreamed that the giant claimed to be Kuixing Descending. She was dressed in beautiful clothes and took a strange flower to her.

His mother woke up after receiving it. She only felt that the room was full of strange smell and did not leave for the whole month. She became pregnant because of this induction. On the day of Zhang Daoling's birth, there were yellow clouds hanging over the house and purple air in the courtyard. The room is as bright as the sun and the moon, and you can smell the fragrance in the dream, which will not disappear for a long time.

Tang Tianbao presented seven volumes to the "Supreme Master", and in the fourth year (884) of Xizong Zhonghe, he was awarded the title of "Great Master of Three-Day Education". The Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty added the title "Zhengyi Jing should show you the true king". The Taoist priest is the ancestor of the Heavenly Master, and the Taoist priest is the supreme priest.

It is said that Zhang Daoling uses the tiger as the mount. In some Taoist schools, Zhang Daoling, Ge Xuan, Xu Xun, and Sa Shoujian are the four great masters of heaven.

Zhang Daoling, who was born in Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province, was born in Pangeng Village (Afang Village), an ancient village near the imperial city in the southwest of Gufeng County (now Feilou Village, Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province). He is the descendant of Zhang Liang. Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty was born ten years ago. He was proficient in the Tao Te Ching when he was young, and once studied in Taixue. When Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty, he held the position of the commander of Jiangzhou (now Chongqing) in Bajun County. Later, he lived in seclusion at Beimang Mountain in Luoyang and learned the way of longevity. The court enlisted him as a doctor, but he refused to go. In the reign of Emperor Hanhe, he was also called the Tai Fu. When Emperor Shun of the Han Dynasty founded the Wudou Rice Road in Heming Mountain, the Supreme Lord Laojun "gave the three days of Dharma, and ordered him to be the master of heaven", "the three days of Dharma and the one real man", and created 24 Taoist books. Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty died in Qingcheng Mountain at the age of 145. Taoism is known as the "Ancestral Heavenly Master".

In addition, it is said that "Lao Zi Xiang Er Zhu" was written by Zhang Daoling. There were more than 300 disciples and set up twenty-four rules, which laid the foundation for the development of Wudoumi Dao.

The Tianshi Taoism inherited from Zhang Daoling is famous for its talisman. It was called the talisman school, also called the Zhengyi school. "Zhengyi" is another name for Tai Chi Xu Dao, which also means orthodox, orthodox and regular.

Zhang Daoling is regarded by Buddhist Shidaoan as the founder of Taoism and the founder of Wudoumi Taoism. The first generation of Tianshi. His real name is Zhang Ling, a native of Fengyi (now Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province), Peiguo, in the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to the book of Taoism, he was the eighth grandson of the marquis of the Han Dynasty. On the fifteenth night of the first month of the tenth year of Jianwu's reign, he was born in Tianmu Mountain of Wu. At the age of seven, he read the second chapter of Laozi's morality, which is the meaning. He is a scholar of Imperial College, and has a knowledge of astronomy, geography, philosophers, five classics, and more than 1000 scholars. In the second year of Yongping's reign (59), he was 26 years old when he spoke out to Kezhong. The factor was determined by the way of Huang and Lao. Seeing that the world was going downhill, he soon abandoned his official post and hid in Beimang Mountain (now north of Luoyang, Henan Province). The Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty and the Emperor's imperial edicts were not enough. Later, he and his disciple Wang Chang entered Poyang, Jiangxi Province, from Huai River, and complained about flowing to Yunjin Mountain (now Longhu Mountain) to refine the Nine Heavenly God Pill. After three years, the Pill was completed and the Dragon and Tiger saw each other. The mountain was named after it. It is said that the folk customs in Sichuan are pure and thick, and can be easily taught. So he went to live in the Heming Mountain in Sichuan to cultivate his way. In the first year of Han'an (142), Supreme Chancellor Gan founded Taoism by giving the doctrine of Zhengyi Allied Power or the doctrine of Zhengyi, an important branch of science and technology. We set up twenty-four laws, divided them by offering wine, hated punishment, treated the people with shame, treated the people with water, and treated them as teachers.

2、 Zhang Daoling, Tianshi Zhang, has a legendary life.

Zhuge Changqing: Blessed life is limitless. Taiyi saved the bitter god. Tianshi Zhang, for the sake of Taoist culture, has worked hard, practiced diligently, benefited the society and achieved good fortune. He has devoted his whole life to it, which is amazing.

Zhang Daoling, the ancestor of the Heavenly Master, was named after Daoling at the first time, with the name of Fu Han. He was the eighth grandson of Zhang Liang (Zi Fang), and was born in Fengxian County, the country of Han Pei. Originally a scholar of the Imperial Academy, he was studious by nature, learned from the Five Classics, and was profound in the ways of Huang and Lao. At the age of seven, he was able to read the Tao Te Ching and the books that were taboo in Heluo, which were extremely abstruse. He is a learned man. Later, he abandoned the official and learned the Tao. He founded the Zhengyi Alliance Way, commonly known as the Wudou Rice Way, so he called Zhang Daoling the ancestor of the Heavenly Master.

Zhang Daoling's father is Zhang Dashun, who is also good at immortality. He calls himself "Tongbai Immortal". Therefore, he gave birth to his son, who is named "Ling". He hopes to follow his ancestors, stay away from the world and become an immortal.

Zhang Daoling was intelligent from a young age. When he was seven years old, he began to study the "Five Classics" of Confucianism. Later on, he continued to learn books such as astronomy and geography circulated in the society. He studied hard, determined to be an official, and wanted to help the Han family to honor their ancestors. Inspired by his ambition and perseverance, he finally entered Luoyang Imperial College, a national institution of higher learning, where he learned the Five Classics and became a learned man. After Zhang Daoling graduated from Imperial College, he wanted to teach his disciples and become famous like his teacher.

He successively went to the Immortal Temple in the south of Tianmu Mountain in the south and the Tongxian Temple in the northwest to set up lectures and teach the Five Classics. In the past few years, there were thousands of students, and the villagers called him "great scholar". In the second year of Yongping (AD 59), Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Daoling was 25 years old, and was recommended to the imperial court by the prefect as "virtuous and virtuous". Later, after being assessed in Luoyang, he was awarded the "wise and upright, extremely outspoken and direct advice" order by the imperial court. In the term of Jiangzhou Order, he saw through the rampant local power, the corruption of officials, and the discontent of the people. He also thought that as a scholar and a small magistrate, he could not change the world. It was better to follow the example of his ancestor, Zhang Liang, to leave the world and protect himself in order to prolong his life. So Zhang Daoling, about the end of the Ming Dynasty, declined the repeated retention of the imperial court, resigned from the Jiangzhou command post, and went north to Luoyang, lived in seclusion in the Beimang Mountain, and devoted himself to the study of the immortal life of Huang Lao. He studied the "Tao Te Ching", "River Map", "Luo Shu" and divination.

In order to concentrate on the study of Taoism, Zhang Daoling traveled to famous mountains and rivers to seek for magic. First, he traveled south to the Huaihe River and lived in Taiping Mountain, Tongbai. Then he crossed the river with his disciple Wang Chang and settled down at Yunjin Mountain, Guixi County, Jiangxi Province. It is said that it is a place where ancient immortals live. Zhang Daoling built a house on the mountain and built an altar to refine pills. After three years, it was refined into a nine-heaven elixir; The dragon and tiger appear, so this mountain is also called Dragon and Tiger Mountain. Zhang Daoling, in his sixties, took the magic pill and was as healthy as a young man. Later, he gained the skills of secretary and exorcism. In order to spread Taoism, he left Longhu Mountain and went to Heming Mountain in Shujun to practice Taoism and subdue demons and benefit the people

Zhang Daoling retreated to Beimang Mountain to practice Taoism, and then obtained the Yellow Emperor's Nine Tripod Pill Sutra, which was cultivated in Fanyang Mountain. The Pill became uniform. The magic of the shape and the shadow of the body, the change of the mind, and the death of the body. In each flood pool, in the chanting hall, several pairs of guests were hidden, and the staff sang, and went together for a while, and everyone could not fathom its spirit. Later, in the Stone Room of Wanshan, he got the secret text of hidden books and the skill of commanding the gods of the mountains. Wen Shumin is simple and honest, easy to educate, and has many famous mountains. He sent his disciples to Sichuan to live in seclusion and practice in Heming Mountain. After meeting the old gentleman, he prepared the medicine in his seclusion and practiced it according to law. After three years of taking the pill, he did not dare to take the bait. He said that the disciple said that the divine pill had been made, but he did not have great achievements in the world. He had to eliminate harm and promote benefits for the country, so as to help the people, and then took the pill, that is to say, it was easy to take the pill. The officials and the people in three situations are worthy of the common people.

Laojun sent Qinghe Jade Maiden to teach the method of admitting Qinghe. After practicing for thousands of days, he could see the five internal organs inside and gather the external spirits outside. Six days of demons were subdued. In the early days, there were tens of thousands of devils in Sichuan. The day was the market, and the people were plagued by epidemics. Since the fall of the evil spirit in six days, Zhang Daoling expelled the ghosts and scattered them in the barren land in the northwest. He swore to it that the people ruled by day, the ghosts walked by night, and the yin and yang were separated, and each had its own place. Those who violated the law would be punished. Therefore, there are different ways for people and ghosts to benefit Shu people. The first volume of the success is the title of Zhengyi Heavenly Master.

In the second year of Yongping's reign, he went to "outspoken advice" and took it. When Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty, he went to Baiba County Jiangzhou Order (today's Chongqing), and soon retired from the Beimang Mountain (today's Luoyang, Henan Province), practicing the way of cultivating shape and Qi, and breaking the valley and sleeping for a long time. In the fifth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, an imperial edict was issued to elect a virtuous and virtuous person, but he could not afford it. Later, he entered Wu and loved the deep beauty of streams and mountains in the middle of Sichuan, so he went to Shu and hid in Heming Mountain to practice the magic of magic pill.

Zhang Daoling's disciples, Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng, followed him to learn the ways of Huang and Lao, to help refine the Dragon and Tiger Pill, and the Pill became mature, to take it back to life, and to travel to visit Xianyuan.

One day, I met the Embroidery Envoy at the Songshan Mountain, the northern mountain, and told him: "There are" Three Emperors' Secret Scriptures "and" The Yellow Emperor's Nine Tripods "in the stone room of the Zhongfeng Mountain, which can be used to repair and ascend to heaven!" So Zhang Daoling fasted and went into the stone room, and really got the Dan Scriptures, so he went to Yunjin Mountain (that is, the Dragon and Tiger Mountain) to meditate and cultivate, and got the art of fractal scattering.

In the middle of the night, I woke up like a dream, and suddenly saw the Supreme Master descending, and said to Zhang Daoling, "There are six things that need to be rectified in Sichuan recently. If you go to cure them, you will be immeasurably meritorious, and the list of Dantai will be great!" It was awarded the "Zhengyi Alliance Power Rune Record", the three and five evil female and male swords, the Yangping Zhidu Gong Seal, the flat crown, the eight seals, the square skirt, and the red shoes. Dating in Langyuan for a thousand days.

Zhang Daoling, who worshipped the old gentleman, collected 36000 gods for driving. He then went to Qingcheng Mountain and placed a glazed high seat. The left is for the Yuanshi Heavenly Buddha, and the right is for thirty-six Buddhist scriptures. Ten sacred flags were set up, the bell sounded and the chime chimed, and the Bulonghu Divine Soldier used his magic power Zhang Daoling collected eight ghosts and gods and settled down. He then went to Yuntai Mountain in central Sichuan with his disciples Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng to continue his cultivation.

After the chaos was overcome, the old gentleman sent an emissary down to tell him, "My son's achievements and deeds have been combined into the position of the Ninth Immortal, but the destruction of chaos has been too much, and it is not the purpose of the road to live well. I have to repair for another three thousand six days, and I will wait for my son in the Eight Scenes Palace of the Shangqing Dynasty." So Daoling and his disciples Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng returned to Heming Mountain for more than 20 years of intensive repair.

In the first month of the first year of Yongshou, it is said that the Supreme Supreme Court and the Zhongzhen had returned, saying for Zhang Daoling, "The Beidou Yansheng Sutra" and "The Sanba Apologize and Fajian". In the spring of the second year of Yongshou, there will be three gods in the world under the altar of the Yellow Emperor in Qingcheng Mountain. They will unite the five mountains and four blasphemies, establish twenty-four rules, and bless the court ghost prison. Thirty meetings of Zhentan and sixty meetings of Zhenjing, seventy-two places of bliss, people were ordered to live in the bright sun and ghosts in the dark, and each government set up wine offerings and male and female officials to praise Xuanhua. At that time, Taoism began to have formal religious organizations. Zhang Daoling led his disciples to travel around the country, cut down evil spirits in the alley, seize salt ponds, and build merit and virtue for the benefit of Shu people. It is said that after his success, the Supreme Master of Mongolia was conferred the title of Zhengyi Heavenly Master.

3、 The Jade Emperor granted the Immortal Realm the title of Tianshi Zhang.

The Jade Emperor sent an envoy to hold the jade book and seal Zhang Daoling as the first real person. Before his death, he gave his eldest son Heng two swords to kill evil spirits and help the country and the people. On September 9, the second year of Yongshou's life, he went to Yunhe Mountain and saw Jue Yan go down to Taoshu. He ordered the king and the second disciple of Zhao to take it, so he also handed down the truth. Later, Yu Yu Dan, seal, sword and Dugong Fu were recorded and awarded to Zi Heng. On the same day, the pills were distributed to the disciples Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng. At Yuntai Peak, his wife Yong ascended by the clouds, and his daughters Wenji, Wenguang, Xianji and Fangzhi ascended by the way.

Because Zhang Ling was the first generation of the heavenly master of the religion, the believers respected him as "the ancestor of the heavenly master". It is also known as the "Heavenly Teacher Way". Tianshi Zhang respected Lao Tzu as the founder of Taoism, regarded the "Five Thousand Essays of Lao Tzu" as the highest classic, and wrote the "Lao Tzu Thought Notes" to play Lao Tzu's Taoism thought. Take "Tao" as the highest belief, compare "Tao" with Lao Tzu, and claim that it is "one", "the two disperse into qi, and gather into shape into the Supreme Lord".

In the seventh year of Emperor Xuanzong's Tianbao reign (748), the book was presented as "Taishi". In the fourth year of Xizong Zhonghe (884), he was honored as the "Great Master of Three-Day Education". In the second year of the Grand View of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty (1108), the book presented "Zhengyi Jing should bless the real king", and the Emperor Lizong added "three days to help the Grand Master of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhengyi Jing should bless the real king". The Emperor Chengzong of the Yuan Dynasty added the title "Zhengyi Chong Xuan Shen Hua Jing should obviously bless the true king". Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty added "Liuhe Infinite Supreme God". Taoism is called Zu Tianshi, Tai Xuan Shangxiang, and the Great Sage Subdues the Devil and Protects the Taoist Heavenly Master.

(Reference materials for this article: Taoist culture network materials, Zhuge Changqing Taoist culture research)

福生无量天尊。道教文化是中国文化的闪亮明珠......。

------ 诸葛长青

   福生无量天尊、原始天尊。灵宝天尊。道德天尊。太乙救苦天尊。

   中华文化，博大精深。道教文化，是其中闪亮的明珠。

   自从盘古开天地，三皇五帝到如今，道教文化犹如原始泉水汩汩流通，诞生了无穷无尽的智慧文化。

   诸葛长青认为，自从伏羲、女娲开辟中华民族，道教文化应运而生，蓬勃发展。

   翻开中国道教文化史册，祖先们广大的神通、无穷的智慧令我们佩服、敬仰和神往。

   道教，脱胎于道教文化。

   张天师张道陵(张良的后代)功不可没。

   张道陵一生献身道教文化，促进了道教的繁荣。

   诸葛长青认为，我们要说知晓道教文化，除了知道玉皇大帝、王母娘娘、托塔李天王、太上老君、二郎神、老子、庄子、道德经、黄帝内经等等，应当知道为道教文化奉献一生的杰出历史文化人物----张天师张道陵。

   道教文化博大精深，三界十方诸神无处不在。

   《西游记》、《封神榜》、《三国演义》、《八仙过海》、《白蛇传》等传统文化小说曾经对道教文化进行详细阐述。

   道家文化包含方方面面，就拿人们身边事情来讲：天上有玉皇大帝、王母娘娘、托塔李天王、二郎神、雷神、雨神、风神等；地上有城隍神、土地神、水神、树神、花神、山神等；水里有龙王、龟丞相、河神等；每个人家里有门神、灶王神、床头妈妈等。这些神仙各司其职，护佑人类。人们无时无刻不受神仙文化的影响。民间更有清明祭祖；铁拐李(李铁拐)、汉钟离(钟离汉)、张果老、何仙姑、蓝采和、吕洞宾、韩湘子、曹国舅等八仙过海故事；姜太公封神故事；鬼谷仙师故事；诸葛亮借东风故事；张良成仙故事；妈祖娘娘故事；关羽财神；赵公明财神；奇门遁甲；周易八卦；阴阳五行；阴阳风水等等。

   天庭玉皇大帝、王母娘娘身边，有张道陵、葛玄、许逊、萨守坚等四大天师协助处理人间事情。唐僧西天取经过程中，也少不了诸大善神和众天师出面帮忙。大家看西游记，就会看到孙悟空和四大天师交往的过程。西游记中，孙悟空经常到天上请神仙帮忙，张天师等做出来巨大贡献。

    诸葛长青分享道教文化关于张天师（张道陵）的传奇故事。

   一、张天师张道陵简介。

   诸葛长青：福生无量天尊。太乙救苦天尊。张天师是汉代开国军师张良的八世孙。以造福苍生为己任，以繁荣道教文化为使命。

   张道陵（34年－156年），字辅汉，东汉人。

   系刘邦军师张良（子房）的八世孙。

    张道陵是道教的创始者创始人。道教信众称他为张道陵，张天师，祖天师，正一真人。尊老子为教祖，奉《老子五千文》撰《老子想尔注》阐扬道教教义，称“道”即是“一”，“一散形为气，聚形为太上老君”。以“道”为最高信仰。永寿二年(156)，以盟威都功诸品经箓、玉册、剑印付子衡，与夫人雍氏升仙而去，年一百二十三岁。

   张道陵字辅汉，生于丰县阿房村（今江苏徐州丰县），是张良的八世孙。他身长九尺三寸，浓眉大脸，红顶绿眼，鼻子高挺，眼睛有三个角。垂手过膝，有浓密的胡子，龙行虎步，十分威武。

   汉光武进武十年生于天目山，他母亲梦见巨人自称是魁星下降。身穿锦绣并且拿了一枝奇花给她。

   他母亲接过来就醒了，只觉得满室异香，整月不散。由此感应而怀孕，张道陵诞生那天，有黄云笼罩在房子上，紫气弥漫在庭院中。房间里光华如有日月照耀，并且又闻到梦中的异香，久久不散。

   唐天宝七载册赠“太师”，僖宗中和四年(884)封为“三天扶教大法师”。宋理宗加封“正一静应显佑真君”。道教尊为祖天师，泰玄上相，降魔护道天尊。
   相传张道陵以虎为座骑，在某些道教流派中，张道陵与葛玄、许逊、萨守坚共为四大天师。
   张道陵祖籍江苏丰县，出生于古丰县城西南邀帝城附近的古村落盘庚村（阿房村）（今江苏丰县费楼村），为张良后人。东汉汉光武帝建武十年生。少年时就精通《道德经》，曾经在太学学习。汉明帝时举贤良方正直言极谏科，任巴郡江州（今重庆市）令。后来隐居洛阳北邙山，学习长生之道，朝廷征为博士，但是称病不去。汉和帝时又征为太傅，三诏不就。汉顺帝时在鹤鸣山创建五斗米道，由太上老君“授以三天正法，命为天师”，“为三天法师正一真人”，并造道书24篇。汉桓帝时在青城山逝世，相传年145岁，道教称为“祖天师”。
   另外据传《老子想尔注》即张道陵所作。其弟子有300多人，并设立二十四治，为后来五斗米道的发展打下了基础。
   从张道陵这一脉传承下来的天师道，正是以符箓见长，故世称符箓派，也叫正一派。“正一”就是太极虚道的别称，同时也含正宗、正统、规整的意思。
   张道陵被佛教释道安视为道教的创始者，是五斗米道的创始人。第一代天师。本名张陵，东汉沛国丰邑(今江苏丰县)人。道书载：为汉留侯子房八世孙。建武十年正月十五夜，生于吴之天目山，七岁读老子道德二篇，即了其义。为太学书生，通晓天文、地理、诸子、五经、从学者千余人。永平二年(59)以直言极谏科中，拜巴郡江州令(今重庆)，时年二十六岁。因素志于黄老之道，见世风日下，不久遂弃官隐于北邙山(今河南洛阳北)。汉章帝、和帝诏征皆不就。后与弟子王长从淮入江西鄱阳，诉流至云锦山(今龙虎山)，炼九天神丹，三年丹成而龙虎见，山因以名。闻蜀中民风纯厚，易可教化，入蜀居鹤鸣山修道。汉安元年(142)感太上授以正一盟威之道或云三天正法正一科术要道法文，创立了道教。立二十四治，以祭酒分领，不喜施刑罚，廉耻治民，符水治病，百姓奉之为师。

   二、张天师张道陵一生传奇历程。

    诸葛长青：福生无量天尊。太乙救苦天尊。张天师，为了道教文化事业，勤奋学习、精进修行，造福社会、度化有缘，付出了一生精力，令人赞叹。

   祖天师张道陵，初名陵后名道陵，字辅汉，系张良（子房）八世孙，后汉沛国丰县人。本来是太学书生，生性好学，博采五经，邃于黄老之道，七岁时即能通道德经及河洛图讳之书，皆极其奥。长为博学之士。后弃官学道。创立了正一盟威道，俗称五斗米道，故称张道陵为祖天师。
   张道陵的父亲叫张大顺，也好神仙之术，自称“桐柏真人”，所以，生下儿子，即取名为“陵”，希望将来能追随先祖，远离尘世，登陵成仙。

   张道陵自幼聪慧，七岁时，开始学习儒家“五经”，以后，不断学习到社会上流传的天文、地理一类的书。他刻苦学习，立志做官，并想辅佐汉室，荣宗耀祖。志向和毅力鼓舞着他，最后，他进入了全国的高等学府——洛阳太学，在这里他博通五经，成了一名饱学之士。张道陵太学毕业后，他想跟他的老师一样来授徒讲经，一举成名。

   他先后到南方天目山南的神仙观和西北的通仙观，设立讲堂，教授五经。数年间，学生有千人之多，乡人称他为“大儒”，名传一方。汉明帝永平二年（公元59年），张道陵二十五岁，被郡守以“贤良”推荐到朝廷，后来，到洛阳经过考核，一举中了“贤良方正极言直谏科”，被朝廷授予巴郡江州（今重庆市）令。在江州令任上，他看透了地方强权的横行，为官的贪赃枉法，老百姓食不果腹怨声载道。他又想到自己为一介书生、小小县令，怎么也改变不了这样的世道，倒不如效法先祖张良，出离尘世，善保自身，以图延年益寿罢了于是，张道陵约在明帝末年，谢绝了朝廷的一再挽留，辞去江州令职，便北上洛阳，隐居北邙山中，潜心修习黄老长生之道。他研读了《道德经》、《河图》、《洛书》以及谶纬之学。

   为了专心学道，张道陵云游名山大川、访求仙术。先是南游淮河，居桐柏太平山，后与弟子王长一起，渡江南下，在江西贵溪县云锦山住了下来。这里山清水秀，景色清幽，传说为古仙人栖息之所，张道陵就在山上结庐而居，并筑坛炼丹，经过三年而九天神丹炼成；而龙虎出现，所以，此山又称龙虎山。六十多岁的张道陵，服下神丹，身体健如青壮年，后又得秘书以及驱鬼之术。为了广传道术，他离开龙虎山，又到蜀郡的鹤鸣山去了张道陵修道与降魔利民
   张道陵先退隐北邙山修道，后得黄帝九鼎丹经，修炼于繁阳山，丹成服之，得分形散影之妙，通神变化，坐在立亡，每泛池中，诵经堂上，隐几对客，杖藜行吟，一时并赴，人皆莫测其灵异也。后于万山石室中，得隐书秘文及制命山岳众神之术，行之有验。闻蜀民朴素纯厚，易于教化，且多名山，乃将弟子入蜀，于鹤鸣山隐居修道。既遇老君，遂于隐居之所备药物，依法修炼，三年丹成，未敢服饵，谓弟子曰，神丹已成，然未有大功于世，须为国家除害兴利，以济民庶，然后服丹即轻举，臣事三境，庶无愧焉。

   老君寻遣清和玉女，教以吐纳清和之法，修行千日，能内见五脏，外集外神。六天妖魔，尽被降伏。先时蜀中魔鬼数万，白昼为市，擅行疫疠，生民久蒙其害，自六天大魔被降之后，张道陵斥其鬼众，散处西北不毛之地，与之为誓曰，人主于昼，鬼行于夜，阴阳分别，各有司存，违者正一有法，必加诛戳。于是幽冥异域，人鬼殊途，大利蜀民。功成蒙太上册封正一天师。
    永平二年赴“直言极谏科”而中之，汉明帝时拜巴郡江州令（今重庆），不久退隐北邙山中（今河南洛阳附近），修持炼形合气，辟谷少寝长生之道。建初五年诏举贤良方正不起，复征为博士，封冀县侯，三诏不就。后入吴，又爱蜀中溪岭深秀，遂入蜀隐于鹤鸣山，修神丹符咒之术。
   张道陵有弟子王长、赵升随其习黄老之道，助炼龙虎大丹，丹成，服之返老还童，且去游而参访仙源。
   一日，在北岳嵩山遇绣衣使者告诉他说：“中峰石室内，藏有《三皇秘典》、《黄帝九鼎丹书》，得而修之，可以升天！”于是张道陵斋戒而入石室，果然得到丹经道书，遂赴云锦山（即龙虎山），精思修炼，而得分形散影之术。
   一日夜半似醒似梦之间，忽见那太上老君下降，对张道陵说：“近来蜀中有六需要整治之事，你前往治之则功德无量，名录丹台矣！”乃授以“正一盟威符录”，三五斩邪雌雄剑、阳平治都功印、平顶冠、八封衣、方裙、朱履等。以千日为期，约会于阆苑。
  张道陵拜领老君所授，日昧秘文，集三万六千神灵，以供驱使。他随即往青城山，置琉璃高座，左供元始天尊，右供三十六部尊经，立十绝灵幡，鸣钟叩磬，布龙虎神兵，施起法力......张道陵乃收八部鬼神,安定一方。他则遂与弟子王长、赵升往川中云台山卜居其地继续修炼。
   既伏乱，老君乃命使者下降来告道：“子之功业合得九真上仙之位，但灭乱过多，未免杀气秽空，非大道好生之旨。子须再修三千六日，吾待子于上清八景宫中。”于是道陵乃偕弟子王长、赵升复往鹤鸣山，精修二十余年。
   永寿元年正月，据说太上与众真复降，为张道陵说：“北斗延生真经”及“三八谢罪法歼”。永寿二年春，会三界万神于青城山黄帝坛下，盟五岳四渎，立二十四治，福庭鬼狱。定三十会真坛与六十通真靖，七十二福地，命人处明阳、鬼处幽阴，各治设祭酒与男官、妇官，以赞玄化。其时，道教始有正规教团组织。张道陵率弟子复游各地，斩妖巷孽、夺盐池，建功立德，造福蜀民。据称，功成后蒙太上老君册封为正一天师。
   三、玉帝敕封为仙界真人，仙界称为张天师。

   玉皇大帝派遣使者持玉册，封张道陵为正一真人，他在逝世前授给长子衡斩邪二剑，叫他要驱邪诛妖，佐国安民，永寿二年九月九日至云合山，见绝岩下桃熟，命王、赵二弟子投身取之，遂亦下传其真道。后以余余丹及印、剑、都功符录，授子衡。是日，以丹分付弟子王长、赵升，于云台峰与夫人雍氏乘云上升，女儿文姬、文光、贤姬、芳芝皆得道上升。
  因张陵为该教第一代天师，故教徒尊称“祖天师”。人们又称其教为“天师道”。张天师尊老子为教祖，奉《老子五千文》为最高经典，并自撰《老子想尔注》发挥老子的道家思想。以“道”为最高信仰，将“道”和老子相提并论，宣称即是“一”，“二散为气，聚形为太上老君”。
   唐玄宗天宝七年（748年），册赠为“太师”。禧宗中和四年（884年），封为“三天扶教大法师”。宋徽宗大观二年（1108年），册赠“正一靖应真君”，理宗加封“三天扶教辅元大法师，正一靖应显佑真君”。元成宗加封“正一冲玄神化静应显佑真君”。明崇祯皇帝加赠“六合无穷高明上帝”。道教称祖天师、泰玄上相、大圣降魔护道天尊。
   （本文参考资料：道家文化网络资料、诸葛长青道家文化研究）

 (This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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