Nouns of basic knowledge of Buddhism: what is the causal emptiness

佛教基础知识名词：什么是缘起性空等

amitabha. Buddha is the enlightened sentient beings, and sentient beings are the unsullied Buddha.

-----Zhuge Changqing

Nanwu Master Sakyamuni Buddha.

Namo Amitabha.

There are no Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in the south.

We are grateful to Buddha Sakyamuni for his wisdom.

Zhuge Changqing believes that the wisdom of Sakyamuni Buddha, the Buddha, enables people to escape from pain and worry and reveal the source of pure and comfortable sexual virtue.

When the Buddha Sakyamuni Buddha first became a Taoist, he made the following statement under the Bodhi tree:

"All living beings on the earth have the wisdom and virtue of the Tathagata, but they cannot be proved because of delusion and persistence."

Zhuge Changqing believes that learning Buddhism, practicing hard and constantly improving oneself are the key to improving wisdom. Today, I will share some basic Buddhist knowledge terms with those who have predestined relationships:

1. What is causative emptiness?

Zhuge Changqing: When karma arrives, there will be, and when karma disappears, there will be none. This is the root of the emptiness of karma. The common people do not understand the "emptiness" in Buddhism, and think that the "emptiness" in Buddhism is nothing but emptiness, which can be said to misunderstand the true meaning of emptiness. The phenomenon of the "origin" of the universe is: "All laws are born and all laws are destroyed by reason of reason." All laws are born because of the combination of reason and the dissipation of reason, so their nature is empty. That is to say, all kinds of things in the world are formed by reason and combination, and there is no real self, so it is called "emptiness". The common people's understanding of air often ends in the "stubborn air" that has nothing; When it comes to "yes", we think it is "yes". In fact, the "yes" in Buddhism is the illusory origin of false yes, although yes, it does not hinder its emptiness; The "emptiness" mentioned in Buddhism is the emptiness of the self-nature without reality. Although it is empty, it does not hinder its existence. This is the reason why sex is empty.

2. What is paying equal attention to the separation and operation?

Zhuge Changqing believed that one should not only do good deeds, accumulate virtue and make progress, but also learn Buddhism, so that one can take the right path. To learn Buddhism, the first step is to understand the scriptures, that is, to read the scriptures, read the collection, listen to the scriptures and hear the Dharma, so as to understand the teachings; It is very dangerous to practice blindly without focusing on understanding. However, only focusing on wisdom and understanding, and not working hard on the practice and demonstration, is only "like the number of other treasures, there is nothing in it", and can not gain the benefits of learning Buddhism. Therefore, learning Buddhism must attach equal importance to understanding and practice.

3. What is impermanence?

Zhuge Changqing: Everything in the world is changing constantly, which is determined by the three generations and the change of fate. "All kinds of things" refer to all kinds of things in the world. If we observe these things according to Buddhism, none of them is permanent.

It can be explained from two reasons:

One is that the third generation cannot move, so it is impermanent; Both: All laws are born by reason, so they are impermanent.

4. What is the migration of three generations?

The past, present and future are called three lifes. All Dharma cannot be stopped in a moment. The past is gone, the future is unborn, and the present is born and gone. So it is impermanent. What is impermanence? Because all laws are formed by the combination of karma, and the dispersion of karma will be eliminated. karma is impermanent, and the law generated by karma is also impermanent. For example, life is reincarnated from past karma to birth, from childhood to growth, to aging and death, and then to reincarnation, and then to death and life, life and death, and so on. Life is really impermanent. The life and death of all living beings is called segmented life and death, and the life and death of Bodhisattva is called variable life and death. Without Buddha's fruit, there must be these two kinds of life and death. There is a phase of life and death, and this phase of life and death is death from the moment when you can't stop thinking about the variation of life and death. The Dharma Sutra says that the accumulation will eventually dissipate, the sublimity will fall, the union will eventually leave, and there is no end to life. This is the reason why life is impermanent. Zhuge Changqing: Everything is changing constantly and constantly.

The same is true of people's minds. One mind is born and one mind is destroyed, which is unpredictable in a flash; The same is true of everything in the universe. All phenomena are all the time, the moment of birth and death, the moment of change. In other words, they are only the existence of time, but also the eternal process. The life and death of the world, the spring, summer, autumn and winter of the weather, the birth, aging, illness and death of life, all of which are like the flow of a big river, flowing and gurgling forever, are in a state of flow and change. There is nothing constant in this flow.

Besides, according to physics, nothing in the universe is static, both moving and impermanent. For example, a flower is static to the naked eye. If you observe it with Buddhism, you will know that all the elements that make up the flower are moving and are in constant metabolism. From the changes of various elements to the gradual withering of flowers, although it has been bright for a while, it will eventually wither and die. Therefore, we know that it is impermanent. If it is not impermanent, but permanent, then the flower will never wither and wither; Since it withers and withers, it proves that it is impermanent.

We usually say that there are three kinds of human feelings, that is, suffering, happiness, and not suffering. Of course, suffering is suffering, and happiness is suffering according to Buddhism. This is bad suffering. For example, health and beauty are happiness, but when health and beauty are lost, pain will follow; Another example is that ordinary people often sigh that there is no feast in life that does not end. When the feast is happy, when it ends, they feel sad. Therefore, happiness is bad pain. The feeling of not suffering and not being happy is to suffer, such as the passage of time, the short life, there is no real permanent change in the world. This constant change brings human suffering, which is also intolerable. It is impermanent. Therefore, under the impermanence of all actions, all sufferings suffer.

5. What is Nirvana?

Nirvana silence means that no matter how turbulent the world is, it will finally return to silence; No matter how different the laws are, they will eventually be equal. Disturbance is attributed to silence, difference to equality, silence and equality, which is the realm of Nirvana. According to Buddhism, reaching the state of Nirvana has extinguished all worries, life and death, and reached the state of freedom from suffering and happiness, that is, the fruit of completing all wisdom and morality, and silencing all confused karma. Zhuge Changqing believes that Nirvana is a process of breaking away from the bitter sea and entering the realm of bliss and wisdom. Most people think that Nirvana is the world after death. For example, when a certain mage dies, it means great Nirvana. In fact, Nirvana is defined as immortality, which means "extinction".

6. What is extinction?

Zhuge Changqing, the so-called extinction, is to eliminate the delusions and karma, and self-depend.

Extinction is to eliminate greed, hatred, and ignorance, and the karma of persistence. Extinction is to eliminate persistence, ego, dharma, and worry and knowledge.

The degree of life and death is the degree of life and death, the degree of sectional life and death of ordinary people, and the degree of changing life and death of sages.

Nirvana is liberation, and trouble is bondage.

To be free from bondage is to be free; Nirvana is the place where you stop worrying.

For example, when a prisoner is tied up with special shackles, he has no freedom. Once he is removed, he will be freed. All living beings are bound by worries such as greed, anger and delusion. If you practice Buddhism and cut off your worries, you will be freed, and liberation is Nirvana. In addition, if you want to find another Nirvana, you can't get it.

When the Buddha was alive, all the great Arhats were also practicing the theory of nirvana and then wandering and begging for food. It can be seen from this that Nirvana is not beyond all laws, and there is nothing else to prove. Dharma is originally Nirvana, but because all living beings have no clear mind, delusion and persistence, and regard all I and Dharma as entities, everything becomes an obstacle everywhere. If the sage knows all the origins of the law, although there is nothing but emptiness in his nature, he can be liberated from things, and liberation is Nirvana.

7. What is Siyizhi?

Zhuge Changqing: The so-called attachment is to find a backer to rely on. On the way of learning Buddhism, we should "follow the law, follow the righteousness, follow the wisdom, and follow the righteousness", so that we will not take a detour. The "four principles" are the four principles that Buddhists should follow.

The law does not depend on people: it depends on the eternal truth and does not depend on someone who has the phenomenon of birth and death.

According to the meaning but not according to the language: grasp the meaning of the truth from the principle itself, instead of sticking to the theory of play, and be satisfied with the game of language and words.

Rely on wisdom but not knowledge: take prajna wisdom as the norm of life behavior, and do not conform to common knowledge and common opinions.

We can't rely on righteousness without relying on righteousness: we should adhere to the truth of the universe, rather than blindly follow the convenient heresy.

Four laws are our guide to understand the truth of the universe and life. Only when you can abide by the four laws and get in through the door, can you find the pearl and enter the profound truth.

8. What is one is all, and all is one?

In the common sense, "one" means only one, and "many" means many; However, in the view of Buddhism, one is more, more is one, and more is no two.

A flower or a void, which is more or less? Which is bigger and which is smaller? From planting in the soil to sprouting, a flower seed needs rain irrigation, fertilizer cultivation, sunlight, wind to spread pollen, and air to nourish and grow. Therefore, a flower can bloom only when it gathers all the power of the universe. A flower is equal to a void.

Furthermore, from the perspective of the world law, we should eat, dress, take a car, live in a house, and hope to hear more and to nourish our body. All of this is not from the sky, but from farmers planting rice, workers weaving, drivers driving, architects building houses, experts and scholars teaching, and the dissemination of scientific and technological information. The so-called "one day needs, hundred workers for preparation", a person must rely on so many people to gather and gather to survive, does not this "one" include infinite?

After understanding the principle that "one is everything and everything is one", you will feel that "the universe is my heart and my heart is the universe".

9. What is "Bodhi is trouble, and trouble is Bodhi"?

When the Buddha reached the Tao, he said under the Bodhi tree: "All living beings on the earth have the wisdom and virtue of the Tathagata, but it cannot be proved because of paranoid persistence."; But if you leave this heart, you have no other worries to get rid of and no bodhi to get. Therefore, whether Bodhi or worry is in the middle of this mind's delusion. When you think, you will see Bodhi, and when you think, you will be troubled. Like a mirror, it is when it is covered with dust; It is the same thing that wipes away the dust. If you want it to be covered with dust or brushed off dust, you can only ask for it on the mirror. If you leave the mirror, you can find nothing.

When we know how to correct ourselves and explore our true colors in our hearts, although our troubles are hot and vexed, the hope of liberation is also contained in them. Zhuge Changqing believed that vexation and wisdom are the same thing, because human beings become aware of wisdom because of vexation, and get rid of vexation because of wisdom.

10. What is the only way?

The teaching method that shows all absolute and equal truths that transcend relativity and difference is called "no two ways". The Vimalakirti Sutra has the following opinions on "no two ways": birth and death are no two; I am the same as I am; Accept or not; Dirty and clean; Move and think alike; One phase and no phase are two; Bodhisattva, sound and hearing; Good and evil are equal; There is no difference between sin and happiness; There is no difference between leakage and no leakage; Action and inaction are equal; The world is the same as the world; Life and death, nirvana; I, no me, no me; There is no difference between being clear and not being clear; Color and space are the same; Root and dust are the same; There is no difference between good and evil.

And the humanization of the two methods means:

People in the mountains and forests have a heart for society.

Stand on the earth and look at the universe.

Living in the marketplace and aiming at Buddhism.

Although heaven is good, the world is more beautiful.

The law is boundless, and family comes first.

Today is a moment, and the future is infinite.

Nowadays, the saying "no two ways" is often quoted, which refers to the only way to learn a certain knowledge and technology.

11. What is one mind?

In order to explain the nature of the mind, the Mahayana Qixin Theory classifies the mind of all living beings including all kinds of Dharma into "mind is like a door" and "mind is born and destroyed", which is called "one mind and two doors" to show its body function. "The Buddha is the enlightened sentient beings, and the sentient beings are the unconscious Buddha", "the heart, the Buddha, and the sentient beings are the same." All of these show that the sentient beings and the Buddha have the same nature of mind, and only because of the delusion of ignorance, they show the appearance of living in different places, dying out, and being confused.

The heart is like a door: the body of the heart, which does not have the appearance of treating differences such as the birth and death, the delusion and the purification, is an absolutely equal principle. This principle does not grow or die, does not increase or decrease, and is true as usual.

The mind is born and destroyed: the movement of the heart is born and destroyed according to the fate, so it presents the treatment of difference, such as living in different places, being confused and being pure.

The noumenon of the mind is the first cause of the birth of all laws. However, ordinary people are biased towards false feelings, so there is no reason for equality. If false feelings are removed, the body of truth will emerge. The two gates of knowing truth and birth and death are different in fact: in the sense of covenant, truth is an absolutely equal ontology, an immortal reality; The birth and death gate is a relatively different method. The phenomenon of birth and death change is very different, so it is different. In terms of the body, there is a phenomenon of birth and death outside the body of the non-truth, so the truth is birth and death, and birth and death is the truth, so it is not different. In terms of the relationship between water and waves, water is static and waves are moving, which is different; Without water, there is no wave body. This is the same. We know that different is the two sides of one body.

From the above interpretation, we can draw a conclusion that the noumenon of all things in the universe is one mind, and all living beings and Buddhas have the same mind. However, this mind can be divided into two gates, namely, the one that is aware is called the one that is true, and the one that is not aware is called the one that is born and destroyed. In terms of the noumenon of the mind, it has the nature of not being born, not dying, not increasing, not decreasing, and is the absolute undifferentiated phase, which is called the heart is true as a door; In terms of the dynamic phase of the heart, it has the properties of birth, death, increase and decrease. It is the relative differential phase, which is called the door of heart birth and death. The two are the relationship of one body and two sides, which is called one heart and two doors. If we take the Zen official case "Wisdom can be reassured" as an example, the unsettled heart is the death of the heart, and the settled heart is the truth of the heart. Therefore, as long as the ordinary people know the silence of the heart and eliminate the movement of delusions, they can see the nature of enlightenment.

12. What are the six achievements?

Buddhism talks about karma. Everything can only be done if it is based on karma and all people are in harmony. This method of origin is realized by the Buddha, and is the truth that is universally applicable. That is, according to the Buddha, it must also have sufficient conditions to believe in achievements, to hear achievements, to achieve achievements, to achieve achievements in time, to achieve achievements in the main, to achieve achievements, and to achieve achievements in the public. This is called the Six Achievements.

If so, it is "faith achievement". The sea of Buddha Dharma can only be entered by faith. The Dharma of believing and accepting such is said by the Buddha without doubt and followed by it, so it is called Faith Achievement.

I heard: "smell achievements". It is Ananda who hears the Buddha's words personally, so he is called Wen Cheng.

First: "Achieve at the right time". It refers to the time of saying that when the Dharma king sets out for the festival, the Buddha will appear and respond to the sentient sentiments of all sentient beings who are predestined and can feel them, and will not miss the time, so it is called the time of achievement.

Buddha: For the "Lord's achievement". It refers to the master of discourse. Buddha is the master of discourse and guidance in the world and out of the world, so it is called the master achievement.

Somewhere: it is "achievement everywhere". In terms of the statement, the Buddha once said that Trayana was the mother. In addition, all the statements in the world, such as India Magadha and Shewei, are called achievements.

With many people: for "many achievements". It refers to the people who listen to the Dharma. Bodhisattva, sound and hearing, predestination, heaven, people and other people gather to listen to the Dharma, so it is called "local achievement".

The above six reasons are enough to teach Dharma, so they are called Six Achievements. If there is no one of them, there can be no spread of the orthodox Dharma. We know that the theory of Dharma Achievements can't be done by one person. We must wait for the reasons of faith, hearing, timing, dominance, location, and public to start the Dharma arena. Therefore, those who speak today should be respectful and pious, and preach to the public that Bodhi will increase and benefit from the Dharma; Those who have heard the Dharma should also cherish the rare and hard feelings, and make a vow to protect the Dharma and achieve the Dharma, so as to make the water source of the Buddha Light Dharma

13. What is Prajna?

Zhuge Changqing: Amitabha. Prajna refers to our wisdom, truth, reality, true nature and sincerity.

All things are prajna that can make people realize, such as: preaching without words, brushing dust and cleaning dirt; Nothing is Prajna for those who cannot make people realize it. For example, five thousand people withdrew at the Fahua meeting.

People without Prajna are blind people who touch the elephant and cannot see the truth of things. "Prajna" is different from "wisdom", because wisdom has good and evil. If wisdom is "sick", it becomes "idiot", just as science is beneficial and harmful, its meaning is shallow, and it can be divided into evil and good; Prajna is pure, unspeakable and far-reaching, and most people who hear it can have a deep heart. There are three types of Prajna:

Prajna: It is more convenient to guide than to understand, such as boat raft.

Prajna: It is to experience the truth rather than practice, such as driving.

Prajna of reality: It is based on what is understood and demonstrated, and it is more important than the body, such as reaching the destination.

14. What is impermanence?

All phenomena in the universe are the mutual existence relationship between life and death. There is no constant existence between them. Therefore, the nature of any phenomenon is impermanent, and it is manifested as birth and death in a flash.

15. What is the origin?

"Origin" means that "all laws arise from the origin". To put it simply, all things or all phenomena arise from the existence relationship and conditions of treating each other (relative). Without the relationship and conditions, no thing or phenomenon can arise. Cause and reason, generally explained, are relations and conditions. Buddha once defined "origin" as follows:

If there is one, there is another; if there is one, there is another; If there is no such thing, then there is no such thing. If there is no such thing, then there is no such thing.

These four sentences mean the mutual existence of the same or different time.

Zhuge Changqing wishes all the people who are destined to do good and accumulate virtue in the world:

Wisdom leap, wealth and auspiciousness, success in everything you want, and good luck in everything!

阿弥陀佛。佛是已觉悟的众生，众生是未觉悟的佛。

----- 诸葛长青 

　　南无本师释迦牟尼佛。

   南无阿弥陀佛。

   南无十方三世诸佛菩萨。

   我们感恩佛祖释迦牟尼佛留给世人智慧。

   诸葛长青认为，佛祖释迦牟尼佛的智慧，使人们能够脱离痛苦烦恼，流露清净自在的性德本源。

   佛祖释迦牟尼佛当初成道时，即于菩提树下做如是言：

   “大地众生皆有如来智慧德相，但因妄想执着不能证得。”

     诸葛长青认为，学习佛法、精进修行，不断提升自己，是提升智慧的关键。今将一些佛教基础知识名词与有缘者分享：

   1、什么是缘起性空？
　　诸葛长青：因缘到了就有，因缘消失就无，这是缘起性空的根本。一般人不了解佛教所说的“空”，以为佛教所说的“空”是什么都没有的空，这可说是误解了空的真义。宇宙“缘起”的现象是：“诸法因缘生，诸法因缘灭。”诸法因为因缘的和合而生，因缘的消散而灭，所以其本性为空。即世间上的形形色色，皆由于因缘和合而成，并没有实在的自体，故称为“空”。常人对空的了解，往往止于什么都没有的“顽空”；说到有，则认为是什么都有的“实有”。其实，佛法所说的“有”，是如幻的缘起假有，虽有而不碍其空；佛法所说的“空”，是无实的自性本空，虽空而不碍其有。此即缘起性空的道理。 
   2、什么是解行并重？
　　诸葛长青认为，一个人既要行善积德精进飞跃，又要学习佛法，这样才会走正确的道路。修学佛法，首须理解经教，也就是要读经阅藏，听经闻法，以了解教义；如果不重慧解，盲修瞎练，是非常危险的。但是光在慧解上着力，在修持实证上没有下功夫，也只是“如人数他宝，自无半分毫”，不能获得学佛的利益。因此，学佛必须解行并重。
    3、什么是诸行无常？
　诸葛长青：世间万物，变化不停，以三世迁流不住、因缘变化而确定。“诸行”是指世间上一切形形色色的事物。这些事物，若依佛法来观察，没有一样是常住不变的。
　　可以从两个道理来说明：
　　一者：三世迁流不住，所以无常；二者：诸法因缘生，所以无常。
   4、什么是三世迁流？
　　过去、现在、未来叫做三世。一切法在时间上是刹那不住，念念生灭，过去的已灭、未来的未生、现在的即生即灭，故说无常。何谓诸法因缘生是无常？因为一切法都是因缘和合而成，因缘离散则消灭，因缘是无常的，由因缘所生之法，自然也是无常。譬如人生由过去的业识来投胎，到呱呱出世，由幼而成长，以至衰老而死亡，又再去投胎，以后又是死死生生，生生死死，如此三世迁流不住，生命实实在在是无常的。又众生的生死，叫做分段生死，菩萨位上的生死叫做变易生死，未成佛果，必然有此两种生死，有一期一期的生死之相可得，而此一期一期的生命，即是从刹那不住，念念生灭的变异而死亡。《法句经》说，积聚终销散，崇高必堕落，合会终当离，有生无不死。这都是说明人生无常的道理。诸葛长青：万事万物都是变化不停，无常变化。
　　人的心念亦然，一念生一念灭，刹那间变幻莫测；宇宙万事万物也是如此。一切现象是时时刻刻，刹那生灭，刹那变化，换言之，是时间性的存在而已，亦可说是永远的过程而已。世界的生住异灭，气象的春夏秋冬，人生的生老病死等，一切的一切，均如大河之流，滔滔潺潺，永远如此，都是流动变化的状态。在这流动之中，并无任何一个不变的东西。
　　再说宇宙世间一切事物，依物理学来说，没有一样是静止的，既都是动的，即是无常。如花朵，以肉眼来看，它是静的，若用佛法来观察，则知组成花朵的各种元素都是动的，且在迁流不息的新陈代谢中。从各种元素的变化，而促成花朵的逐渐凋谢，它虽然也曾鲜艳一时，但终究要枯萎死亡，因此，我们知道它是无常的。如果它不是无常，而是常住不变的，那么花朵将永远不凋谢，不枯萎；既然会凋谢、枯萎，即证明它是无常的。
　　通常我们说，人的感受有三种，即：苦受、乐受、不苦不乐受。苦受当然是苦，乐受依佛法说也是苦，这是坏苦。譬如健康、美丽，这是快乐，但当失去了健康、美丽时，痛苦就跟随而来；又如一般人常常感叹人生没有不散的筵席，筵席时快乐，散席时就感到悲伤，所以说乐受是坏苦。不苦不乐受所感到是行苦，如时间的流逝，生命的短暂，世间没有真正长久不变的，这迁流不息的转变，带给人类的也是一种难以忍耐的苦，这是无常的苦。所以说，在诸行无常下，诸受皆苦。
   5、什么是涅槃？
　　涅槃寂静是说不论世间如何动乱，最后终归于寂静；不论万法如何差别，最后终归于平等。动乱归于寂静，差别归于平等，寂静、平等，这就是涅槃的境界。依佛法来说，达到涅槃的境界，已寂灭了一切烦恼和生死，而到了离苦得乐的境地，亦即圆满一切智德、寂灭一切惑业的果位。诸葛长青认为，涅槃是脱离苦海，进入极乐大智慧境界的过程。一般人以为涅槃是死后的世界，如某某法师去世，便说得大涅槃了。其实涅槃的定义是不生不死，即“灭度”的意思。
   6、什么是灭度？
　　诸葛长青，所谓灭度，即是灭掉妄念业障、自度度人。

    灭---是灭掉贪嗔痴、灭掉执着业障，灭是除灭执着，灭除我执、法执，灭除烦恼障、所知障。

   度---是度生死，度凡夫的分段生死，度圣贤的变易生死。

   涅槃是解脱，烦恼是系缚。

   离系缚处，即是解脱；断烦恼处，即是涅槃。

   譬如一个犯人，为杻械枷锁系缚时，无自在可言，一旦卸除了，便得解脱。众生为贪瞋痴等烦恼所系缚，若修习佛法，断除烦恼，即得解脱，解脱即是涅槃。除此以外，若想再觅一涅槃，实在不可得。
　　佛在世时的诸大阿罗汉，也都是现证涅槃而后游化说法、托钵乞食。由此可知，涅槃并非离一切法之外，别有一物可以证得。法法本来即是涅槃，只因众生无明覆心，妄想执着，视一切我、法皆有实体可得，所以处处都成为障碍系缚。若是圣者，知一切缘起法，虽有而自性空，无所系着，则能即物而得解脱，解脱即是涅槃。
   7、什么是四依止？
　　诸葛长青：所谓依止，就是找到可以依靠的靠山。学佛路上，要“依法、依义、依智、依了义”，这样就不会走弯路。“四依止”就是依法不依人、依义不依语、依智不依识、依了义不依不了义，这是学佛者应该依循的四个准则。
　　依法不依人：依止永恒不变的真理而不依靠有生灭现象的某一个人。
　　依义不依语：从义理本身去把握真理的内涵，而不执着戏论，满足于语言文字的游戏。
　　依智不依识：以般若智慧为人生行为的规范，而不依顺一般的俗知俗见。
　　依了义不依不了义：依持究竟的宇宙真理，而不盲从方便邪说。
　　四依法是我们了解宇宙人生真相的指南。能够依止四依法，得其门而入，才能探骊得珠，登入真理堂奥。
   8、什么是一即一切，一切即一？
　　在一般人的观念里，“一”就是只有一个，“多”，就有很多个了；但是，在佛教看来，一就是多，多就是一，一多不二。
　　一朵花与一个虚空，孰多孰少？孰大孰小？一粒花种籽由种在土壤里到萌芽成长，需要雨水的灌溉、肥料的培育、阳光的照耀，还要有风来传播花粉，有空气来沃养成长。所以，一朵花是集合了全宇宙万有的力量才得以绽放的，一朵花即等于是一个虚空，“因缘有二法，实性则无二”这也就是一多不二。
　　再进一步从世法上来说，我们每天的生活里面，要吃饭、穿衣，要坐车、住房子，要希求多闻、资养色身。这一切一切，不是从天上掉下来的，而是由农夫种稻、工人织布、司机开车、建筑师盖房子、专家学者讲授、科技资讯传播而来，所谓“一日之所需，百工斯为备”，一个人必须仰赖那么多人事的聚集辐凑才得以生存，这个“一”岂不是包含了无限？
　　了解这种“一即一切，一切即一”的道理之后，就会觉得“宇宙即是我心，我心即是宇宙”了。
   9、什么是“菩提即烦恼，烦恼即菩提”？
　　佛陀成道时，即于菩提树下做如是言：“大地众生皆有如来智慧德相，但因妄想执着不能证得。”妄想执着缠裹着我们心中本自具足的佛性，使之不得开显；但若离开此心，又别无烦恼可除，也别无菩提可得。所以，菩提也好，烦恼也好，都在此心的迷悟之间。一念觉则菩提显，一念迷则烦恼生。就像一面镜子，沾满灰尘时是它；拂去灰尘的，也还是它。要让它沾满灰尘或拂去灰尘，都只能在镜上求，离开镜子，则什么也找不到。
　　当我们懂得往心内修正自己，探求自己本来面目时，烦恼虽热恼，解脱的希望也含生其中。诸葛长青认为，烦恼和智慧是一回事，原因在于，人类因为烦恼而觉悟智慧，因为智慧而脱离烦恼。
   10、什么是不二法门？
　　显示超越相对、差别的一切绝对、平等真理的教法，称为“不二法门”。《维摩诘经》对“不二法门”的意见有：生、灭不二；我、我所不二；受、不受不二；垢、净不二；动、念不二；一相、无相不二；菩萨、声闻不二；善、恶不二；罪、福不二；漏、无漏不二；为、无为不二；世、出世间不二；生死、涅槃不二；我、无我不二；明、无明不二；色、空不二；根、尘不二；正、邪不二。
　　而不二法门的人间化，即指：
　　人在山林，心怀社会。
　　立足地球，放眼宇宙。
　　身居市井，志在佛国。
　　天堂虽好，人间更美。
　　法界无边，家庭第一。
　　今日一会，无限未来。
　　今之俗语多援引“不二法门”一语，转指学习某种学问技术唯一无二的方法。
   11、什么是一心？
　　《大乘起信论》为了说明心的性质，遂将含摄诸法的众生心分为“心真如门”与“心生灭门”，以显其体用，称为“一心二门”。“佛是已觉悟的众生，众生是未觉悟的佛”、“心、佛、众生，三无差别。”这都是说明众生与佛本具同一心性，只因无明妄想而呈现生住异灭、迷悟染净之相。
　　心真如门：心的本体，没有生住异灭、迷悟染净等对待差别之相，为绝对平等之理体，此理体不生不灭，不增不减，真实如常。
 　心生灭门：心的动相，随缘生灭，所以呈现生住异灭、迷悟染净等对待差别之相。
　　心的本体为生起万法的第一因，然凡夫偏于妄情，所以不见平等之理体，若除妄情，则真如之体自现。故知真如、生灭二门，实则不一不异：约义来说，真如门是绝对平等的本体，不生不灭的实在；生灭门则是相对差别的诸法，生灭变化的现象，二者截然不同，故说不一。约体而言，非真如本体之外有生灭现象，因此真如即生灭，生灭即真如，故说不异。以水波的关系为喻来说，水是静的，波是动的，此为不一；离水则无波体，此为不异，故知不一不异是一体的二面。
　　从以上的诠释得到一个结论：宇宙万有的本体为一心，众生与佛同具此心，然此心有觉与不觉之分，故析为二门，觉者称为心真如门，不觉者称为心生灭门。由心之本体而言，具有不生、不灭、不增、不减等性质，为绝对的无差别相，称为心真如门；由心之动相而言，具有生、灭、增、减等性质，为相对的差别相，称为心生灭门，此二者为一体两面之关系，即称为一心二门。若以禅宗公案“慧可安心”来说，未安之心就是心生灭门，已安之心就是心真如门，因此凡夫只要识心寂灭，泯除妄想的动念，即可见性悟道。
   12、什么是六成就？
　　佛教讲因缘，凡事必须因缘具足、众缘和合，方能成事。此缘起法为佛陀所证悟，是放诸四海皆准的真理，就是佛陀说法，也必须具足信成就、闻成就、时成就、主成就、处成就、众成就等条件，才能开演法筵，此称之为六成就。
　　如是：为“信成就”。佛法大海，唯信能入，信受如是之法是佛所说而不疑，并依之而奉行，故称信成就。
　　我闻：为“闻成就”。是阿难亲闻佛陀说法，故称闻成就。
　　一时：为“时成就”。指说法的时间，法王启运嘉会之时，众生有缘而能感者，佛即现身垂应，感应道交，不失其时，故称时成就。
　　佛：为“主成就”。指说法之主，佛是世间、出世间说法化导之主，故称主成就。
　　在某处：为“处成就”。指说法之处，佛曾于忉利天为母说法，除此，皆于人间的印度摩揭陀国、舍卫国等处说法，故称处成就。
　　与众若干人俱：为“众成就”。指闻法之众，菩萨、声闻、缘觉、天、人等诸大众云集听法，故称处成就。
　　以上六缘具足而教法兴，故称之为六成就，如果缺其一，即不能有正法流传，故知成就道场说法，非一人所能为，须待信、闻、时、主、处、众等因缘具足，方能开演法坛。因此今之说法者，应当秉着恭谨虔诚之心，宣说法要，令大众菩提增上，蒙受法益；而闻法者也应心怀稀有难得，难遭难遇想，并且发愿护持正法、成就道场，如此方能使佛光法水源远流长。
   13、什么是“般若”？
　　诸葛长青：阿弥陀佛。般若指的是我们的智慧、真理、实相、本来面目、真心。

   能让人觉悟者，一切都是般若，如：无言说教、拂尘扫垢；不能让人觉悟者，一切都不是般若，如法华会上五千人退席。
　　没有般若的人，就是盲人摸象，不能看清事物的真相。“般若”不同于“智慧”，因智慧有善有恶，若智慧“生病”则成“痴”，如同科学有益也有害，含义较肤浅，有邪正之分；而般若是纯善的、不可言说的、意义深远的，闻者大都能生殷重之心。般若种类，有三：
　　文字般若：在于方便引导，重于解悟，如舟筏。
　　观照般若：在于体验真理，重于实行，如驾驶。
　　实相般若：在于所悟所证，重于性体，如抵目的地。 

    14、什么是无常？
　　宇宙一切现象，都是此生彼生，此灭彼灭的相待的互存关系，其间没有恒常的存在。所以任何现象，它的性质是无常的，表现为刹那刹那生灭的。
   15、什么是缘起？
　　“缘起”即“诸法由因缘而起”。简单地说，就是一切事物或一切现象的生起，都是相待（相对）的互存关系和条件，离开关系和条件，就不能生起任何一个事物或现象。因、缘，一般地解释，就是关系和条件。佛陀曾给“缘起”下了这样的定义：
　　若此有则彼有，若此生则彼生；若此无则彼无，若此灭则彼灭。

　　这四句就是表示同时的或者异时的互存关系。

   诸葛长青祝福天下行善积德的有缘者：

   智慧飞跃、富贵吉祥、心想事成、万事如意！

 (This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

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往期精选文章

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1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向