Basis of Buddhism: what is the lust world, the color world and the colorless world

佛教基础：什么是欲界、色界、无色界

Namo Amitabha. Buddhism is great wisdom, which makes people realize life and achieve results.

----Zhuge Changqing

Nanwu Master Sakyamuni Buddha.

Namo Amitabha.

Blessed life is limitless.

As the saying goes, beyond the three boundaries, not in the five elements.

So what are the three realms and five elements?

Three realms: desire, color, and no color.

Five elements: gold, wood, water, fire and earth.

The "Five Elements" was originally a philosophical concept in ancient China, referring to the five elements that constitute the material world: gold, wood, water, fire and earth.

"Beyond the three realms" is beyond the reincarnation of life and death, and "not in the five elements" is free from material obstacles. Zhuge Changqing studied the traditional culture and believed that the saying "beyond the three realms, not in the five elements" refers to transcendence and freedom from worldly pollution and restraint.

In Buddhist terms, it refers to the desire world, the color world, and the non-color world where all living beings live, or refers to the three ways of inaction, such as breaking the boundary, leaving the boundary, and destroying the boundary.

These "five elements" not only have their own essential characteristics, but also have relations with each other such as generation and restraint, which constitute all things and their movements and changes.

The three realms refer to the desire realms, the color realms and the non-color realms where all living beings live. This is the love of delusion, which flows in the change of birth and death, according to its three levels; It is also called "Three Haves" or "Three Haves". Because the three realms are as boundless as the sea, they are also called the bitter realm and the bitter sea.

The Analogy of the Dharma Sutra said: "The three realms (here refers to desire, color, and no color, and generally refers to the world) are restless, like a fire house, full of suffering, very frightening, often suffering from birth, aging, disease and death, such as waiting for fire, burning."

1、 Summary: What are the three realms

Buddhism divides the world of sentient beings into "three realms": desire realms, color realms, and no color realms.

The realm of desire includes six paths;

The color world includes four Zen and eighteen days;

The achromatic world includes four empty skies.

The three realms are the place where all living beings live and die, full of pain and worry, and are known as "fire houses".

2、 What is the "desire world" of the three realms

Zhuge Changqing: Amitabha. The realm of desire includes "Heaven, Humanity, Ashura, Animal, Hungry Ghost and Hell".

Among them, the Heavenly Way includes: the Four Heavenly Kings, the Tragic Heavenly, the Night Skyscraper, the Dou Tuo Heavenly, the Huale Heavenly, and the Altruistic Self Heavenly.

All beings in this world are greedy for food, sex, sleep and other desires.

All beings in the three realms of desire have strong desires such as lust, lust, appetite and lust.

The sentient beings living in the realm of desire can be divided into six categories from bottom to top, namely, hell, hungry ghosts, animals, humans, asuras, and heaven, which are called "six paths".

Hell, hungry ghosts and animals are called the three evil ways;

Man, Ashura and heaven are called the three good ways;

All sentient beings live and die in the six paths.

If you want to rise to the heaven of the three realms of desire, you need to hold the five precepts, practice the ten good deeds, and give alms, that is, give alms to others what you have, what you know about Buddhism, what you have mastered, and what you have.

Desire. Desire refers to the five desires of wealth, color, fame, food and sleep. It mainly refers to the lust of men and women. "When men and women participate in the residence, they often have lust, so it is called lust boundary."

There are five interesting points in the world of desire. The meaning of interest is interest. The five interests refer to life and death with feelings. There are five places to go, namely, hell, animals, hungry ghosts, people and six desires, so it is also called the five interests mixed place. There are also Buddhas and Bodhisattvas who come here to spend their lives and have the fruit of practice and becoming saints, which is also called the place where all saints live together.

Of which---

Hell - there are eight places, plus animals and hungry ghosts.

People -- there are four places, including Nanfu Buzhou, Dongsheng Shenzhou, Xiniu Hezhou, and Beigulu Island.

Heaven - There are six places: four days, thirty-three days, night sky, watching Shiduo days, happy changing days, and otherness. The combination of man and nature is ten good interests. This is based on human beings. Hell is at the bottom; Heaven is above all others.

The realm of desire contains six paths, namely, heaven, man, Ashura, ghost, beast and hell. The first three are good ways, and the last three are evil ways. The six paths are formed by each other, and the seeds are ripe. (Every ten days, it is about forty miles) There are seven perfume seas and seven golden mountains outside. Beyond, there is the Aral Sea and Tiewei Mountain. In the Aral Sea, there is a continent in the southeast and northwest, and two small islands are attached to the continent. The sun and the moon circle the Xumi Mountain. The name of the eastern continent is Fupoti, the name of the southern continent is Yan Futi, the name of the western continent is Quyeni, and the name of the northern continent is Yu Danyue. These are all human settlements.

Zhuge Changqing believes that it is very important for practice to be familiar with the six ways. The six contents are as follows:

1. Humanism. People are human. To achieve the results of one of the ten good deeds. There are differences between them. East, west and south. The state of suffering and happiness. There is not much separation.

Characteristics of Beiju Luzhou: Beizhou wins by virtue of good causes. So it is also more enjoyable. Clothes and food utensils. They are directly supplied by plants. No fake work. The real estate is released. Fireworks beads are placed in the middle. Throw rice in the middle. The bead heats itself. The rice is ripe. Men and women are happy. Will be in the forest. If there is no blood relationship. Trees are a combination. If the curtain is closed. Otherwise, it is not acceptable. Men and women separate from each other. Don't dare to do what you want. Let's welcome the party. Not more than five times in life. It is comparable to those who are not indulgent. A woman is pregnant. It will be produced on July 8th. Place all around the Tao. Those who are happy touch them and feed them. He will grow up in seven days. Men enter the group of men. Women enter the group. Take clothes and decorations at the shore. No need for the original. Its people are not private. If so. (This is a rough move. For more details, please visit the Changahan Sutra.)

The characteristics of our people in Nanzhanbuzhou (Zhuge Changqing notes that our people belong to Nanzhanbuzhou): Nanzhou. One point will be deducted for the lack of manpower. In this world, electric stove, lamp and other things, if it is more convenient, I don't know that it is a disguised form of other human resources, not fireworks. The people have to save for their livelihood. There are both private savings and usurpations, and the origin of this disorder is also. Political and social questions, no matter how they are studied, have no absolute results to be expected. Where the benefits lie, the disadvantages lie, the blessings arise, and the disasters lie. If you want to be beautiful with Beizhou, there is no such thing. However, the idea of exploring the main road is far from what can be expected in Beizhou because of the hard work of mind, muscles and bones, and the action of brushing.

2. The way of heaven. If you practice ten good deeds early, you will get the maturity of the above business, that is, the way of heaven. There are three reasons why heaven is better than man. There are three characteristics of heaven and man: one is the transmigration, the transmigration, the chance comes, that is, to appear in the realm, and there is no place for the suffering of mother and fetus. The second is to win the body. There is no such thing as phlegm and mucus, saliva, constipation and dirt in people. And the beauty of the Heavenly Maiden is so beautiful that it can be seen by the sky with the decoration of fragrant flower perfume. But I feel ugly and filthy. I can't get close. The third is food and clothing. The palace is ready for use. It is inconvenient to take capital from the north continent to plant, not to mention the south continent. There are six levels of heaven, so it belongs to the realm of desire and is often called the Six Desires Heaven.

There are six levels of heaven: there are six levels of heaven, so it belongs to the realm of desire and is often called the Six Desires Heaven. In the first place, the four king days are located at the mountainside of Xumi, and in the second place, the two days are located at the top of Xumi; Three days are spent in the sky, four days are spent in the sky, five days are spent in the sky, six days are spent in the sky. Six days of bliss, winning layer by layer.

The four kings of heaven, because Xumi is a combination of four treasures, the gold in the east, the glass in the south, the silver in the west and the crystal in the north, are surrounded by a king, so it is named. Trayana, whose righteousness is thirty-three, has one monarch and thirty-two ministers, and the government of heaven. All living beings living on the land are under the control of this government. The main name is Emperor Shi, which is the Jade Emperor of Taoism and the God of Confucianism. Taoism cultivates into immortals, and its potential must be interpreted by the emperor, so it is known that it is respected. Three generations ago, the people's karma was relatively thin, and the emperor interpreted the actions of good and evil. Every time he could feel it, he praised God in the poem. Later generations have deep karma. They are blind to the emperor's interpretation. Living for four days, it is more noble and not connected with the world, so it is especially difficult for us to know. This is why we can live in space for four days. It is the power to cultivate and not reach the goal. Settle, settle and sit down, eliminate delusions, and ensure peace of mind. (For more details, it is advisable to study it by Taizong Zhiguan.). Those who haven't arrived can't give up their passion, which is not the fundamental Zen. When righteousness is good. He who lives here always sings happy songs. To be content is to be content with all desires. Those who enjoy themselves in changing circumstances. (If you want to ride like a horse, you can ride like a horse for pleasure.) If you want to ride like a horse, you can enjoy yourself. If the entertainment of man's desire, the form will be simpler and more enjoyable. Living on the ground for two days, it has the form of copulation, without the filth of ejaculation. Night Mo can only hold, and Dou Pi can only hold. They can laugh together and look at each other. (This book is all about eulogizing and establishing the world, and if the world sutra is created, it will be different.) These desires are only for pleasure, and have nothing to do with the birth. It is born by the nature, not by the mother and child, but by indulging in pleasure, and by hiding the seeds that lie in it, which is the cause of falling down the evil path. At the end of life, there are five kinds of great decline: first, clothes are stained with dust, second, hair is withered, third, two armpits sweat, fourth, stink into the body, fifth, not happy with the seat, which is the common disease of honesty and six days.

3. Ashura Road. Ashura, with the meaning of no heaven, no decency and no wine, has the virtue of lacking heaven. But the man is ugly and not friendly enough to make wine. They live in the Xumi Grottoes, or scattered on the seashore, or potential seabed. Those who practice ten good deeds early, and those who are angry, slow, and suspicious are born of three great practices. He is also angry and good at fighting. The enjoyment of the palace is beautiful, and the clothes and food are also natural. However, those who are judged to be under the rule of humanity cannot avoid the natural suffering of Japan and China. For example, if you enjoy a delicious meal, the end chopsticks will turn into mud at the entrance. (Other kinds of residences, as well as all kinds of scriptures, such as Shurangama, Dharmana, and Mahayana, are all detailed in the scriptures, and there is no reference. (Out of the Western Kingdom Chronicles) And Master Xuanzang's trip to the Western Regions had nothing to gain.

4. Hell's way. Yan Fu raised twenty thousand people from ten days ago, and there was the way of hell. Among them, although all living beings are in the same shape as others, the situation is only bitter and unhappy. The most important prison is the eight major prisons: the first living prison, the one born in it, has long and sharp iron claws, and grasps each other with anger, and then uses the sword to chop and carve the land, or the body is broken, or the flesh is fallen, if you want to die, if the cold wind blows, then you will be resurrected. The second black rope prison is always forced by the hot iron rope. The skin, flesh and bone marrow are all burnt, and it is also suffering from sawing. Among the three people in prison, there are two big stone mountains facing each other. When all living beings enter the prison, the mountains will naturally converge and crush their bodies. Four howls are in prison, and the wok soup is fried, and it is extremely bitter. The five big names are prison, but the cooking is especially miserable. 6. A hot prison and a punishment of burning. Seven extremely hot prisons are extremely hot. The Eight Nose Prison is the lowest level of the Eight Jails. All living beings fall here and suffer endlessly, which is the most miserable place in the world. Next to the big prison, there are 16 small jails, which are not detailed. In addition, there are light jails scattered in the mountains of Tiewei, and the mountains, forests, rivers and seas of the three continents in the east, west and south. All living beings in this way have suffered a lot because they have committed major crimes against the ten evil deeds. There is impermanence in the world, and in the form of hell, there is also a personal view, so it can be said like painting. In Yongle Xuande of the Ming Dynasty, there was a Feng Du Ling who was in harmony with him. He simply said that he was going to hell. The death of his brother who was going to prison with impermanence was definitely determined, and there was no room for doubt. So he made a great contribution, and carved a stone on the Feng Du Guan Ji Ji to show that he was sitting on the sidelines and watching the loss of the sky.

5. Ghost way. There are two sides to the ghost house. Right now, Yan Fu raised five hundred yuan. Living on the side, scattered everywhere. Those who have committed ten evils, whose deeds are still light, are born, and their bodies are like human beings. In the middle, there are two kinds: Weide and Weide; Those who have prestige can live in heaven, and between the coastal valleys of the four continents, there are royal palaces, and enjoy the gods worshipped by the people, which are also such ghosts. The people without prestige are scattered between the three continents of the east, the west and the south, and there are no houses to live in, either according to dung, or with vegetation, or with graves, or hidden screen toilets. Those with less karma can still have enough to eat, while those with more karma will burn with hunger and go far away. Said: That's why the music is random and mature from the seeds given in the past. (See the chapter on the meaning of giving) Although it is called God, it is still the nature of the ghost. The talk of ghosts and gods in our country is scattered in the collection of classics and history. However, all the techniques of Tongyou Fuluan often have extraordinary results. The fact that Westerners are haunted by ghosts is becoming more and more aggressive. The question of ghosts and gods is also considered worthy of study. (And there is the matter of shadow and ghost) In the past, there was no ghost theory, and there was no room for sincerity.

6. Animal way. In a broad sense, animals that we can know, except humans. From giant animals to tiny insects, all are taken. It is not only raised by the family, but also different from the five ways. This is the karma for common offenses against the ten evils in the past. As far as we can know, only one part of Yan Futi's cohabitation with people is actually a livestock residence. All roads are salty, and the livestock of the prison road, such as the snake, such as the owl, such as the black refuting dog, such as the hundred-footed insect, are all born in them.

The ghost way is beneficial to the fox like a horse. The phenomenon of mixed humanitarians in the east, the west and the south is slightly the same. In Beizhou, there are only wild geese like horses, which are not evil animals. Six desires are in the middle of the sky, and there are only two-legged animals, such as the birds with wonderful colors, who live for four days. Although there is horselike entertainment, it is a result of illusion. It is not like living on the ground or living in the sky.

The big animals are difficult to achieve and difficult to achieve, because the illusion is also gradually changing, if it follows a track. Evolutionary scholars regard it as a great mystery, which can be used as evidence of biological evolution. At best, the strata we can examine can have geometric years. These years are more than the infinite time of the world, and the place we live is more than the infinite space of the world. At the end of the day, the illusion in time and space is so small that it is impossible to judge all the phenomena of the infinite time and space in the world.

Today's flat circle, who knows it is a circle of circulation? If the infinitesimal arc is taken, the arc line and tangent line become one. Because of its unity, it is concluded that an arc is a straight line. If the arc becomes a circle, the circle is also a straight line. It is human arrogance. Don't ask. However, to know is human's wishful thinking, and to know the wishful thinking of evolution is difficult, then we should not know what we have learned.

3、 What is the "color boundary" of the three realms

Zhuge Changqing: Amitabha. The color world of the three realms is above the desire world. All beings in this world are far away from the desire of food and color, but have not yet separated from the physical body.

Because all living beings in this world have no appetite for food and sex, there is no difference between men and women.

It is divided into four levels according to the power of practicing meditation, namely----

"The first, second, third and fourth Zen days".

The realm of color is above the realm of desire. It is said that the heavens born in this world are far away from the desire for food and color, but have not yet escaped from the physical barrier. The so-called color has the meaning of quality obstruction. Since all living beings in this world have no appetite for food and sex, there is no difference between men and women. All living beings born in this world are divided into four levels according to their own power of practicing meditation, namely, the first, second, third and fourth Zen days.

If you want to rise to the color world of the three realms, you need to practice the four meditations. The level of a person's meditation determines the level he will rise to the color world in the future.

Color is the meaning of hindrance or manifestation. It is a world that is far away from lust, lust, and lust, but still has a pure color and quality. This realm is above the realm of desire. There is neither lust nor female form, and all living beings are born by the; Its palace is tall, which is born of color. Everything is wonderful. Because it is still colored, it is called the color boundary.

This world is divided into four levels according to the depth of meditation, from the initial meditation of Brahma to the final meditation of Aganizha, where there are 18 days.

The common cause of the eighteen days of the color world is to practice the top ten virtues and meditate.

The Karma Differentiation Sutra says that "there are ten good things missing in practice, which are corresponding to the setting", which can make all living beings appear in the world. According to the depth of meditation, there is a difference between the second day, the third day and the fourth day. Because meditation is used to subdue the desire of the desire world, although there is body, there is no desire of men and women, no family, and always enjoy the "Zen joy" in meditation. It can be imagined that it is a quiet meditation society where yoga practitioners sit in meditation. Naturally, it is quiet and unusual, detached from the outside world, without all kinds of disturbance of the world and the heaven, which is the ideal life of yoga practitioners.

Zhuge Changqing studies that the color boundary is divided into four Zen days and eighteen days:

1. I meditate on the heavens at the beginning. In the early Zen days, there are also three levels of Brahman, Brahman and Great Brahman. The Brahman sky, also known as the Brahman body sky, is the first layer of the first Zen sky in the color world. All the heavenly beings living here are said to be led by the Great Brahma, so they are called Brahma. Fanfutian, also known as Fuluotian, is the second floor of the first Zen sky in the color world. All living beings on this day are the assistants of the Great Brahman Heavenly King. When the Great Brahman Heavenly King travels, the heavens will guard around.

The Great Brahma, also known as Brahma and Brahma King, is the third day of the first Zen days in the color world. He is the master of the first three days of meditation and the master of the Saha world. In the Buddhist scriptures, the Great Brahma is often the protector of the Buddha and often asks the Buddha for advice for the Buddha. In ancient India, the belief in Brahma appeared very early in Hinduism. Brahma, together with Shiva and Vishnu, became one of the three main gods of Hinduism. Buddhism absorbed this deity from the ancient Indian belief, and regarded Brahma as one of the Dharmapala deities of Buddhism, juxtaposed among the first Zen days in the color world, and regarded it as the first of the first Zen days. In the first three days of meditation, Brahman is the Lord, Brahman Futian is the assistant minister of Brahman, and the Brahman heavens are like the subjects of Brahman. In addition, in some Buddhist classics, such as the Mahayana Sutra, the first meditation in the color world is divided into four days, namely, the Brahman sky, the Brahman body sky, the Brahman auxiliary sky, and the Great Brahman sky. However, some Buddhist sects are only divided into two parts: Brahman and Brahman, and the Great Brahman belongs to Brahman.

2. Second, meditate on the heavens. Two Zen days can also be divided into three days. One little light day refers to the day with the least light among the two Zen days, so it is called little light. The second is the limitless light sky, which means that the light of all sentient beings in this sky is increasing gradually since there is less light. Its quantity is infinite and difficult to measure, so it is called the limitless light. The third is the aurora clear sky, also known as the light and sound sky. It means that the light of all living beings in this sky is shining all over the world, which is more prosperous than before. And when the people in this sky speak, they speak with pure light.

The two Zen days are far away from the psychological activities of seeking and serving the first Zen, so the mind is clear and pure, with four characteristics of purity, joy, joy, and one state of mind, living in happiness and other emotions, so its state is called "fixed life happiness".

3. Three Zen meditation on the heavens. The three Zen talents are divided into three parts: less purification, unlimited purification, and universal purification. The so-called "Jing" means that the heavens in these three Zen days have left the feeling of happiness and only receive the wonderful music from the earth, so it is called "Jing". Among them, Shaojing Heaven is the one who receives the least happiness from the earth, so it is called "Shaojing". The second is the limitless net heaven, which means that the happiness of this heaven is increasing gradually, and its net is difficult to measure, so it is called "limitless net". The third time of purification is to say that all the heavenly beings in this world are full of happiness, so it is called "Punjing".

The three Zen heavens have separated from all the happiness and other emotions of the two Zen, and have only five characteristics, namely, giving up, mindfulness, knowing, being happy, and concentrating on one state. The state they have achieved is called "the wonderful joy of leaving happiness", and they practice with mindfulness, knowing, and practicing diligently to achieve a higher state.

4. The four Zen heavens. The four Zen days are the fourth of the sky in the color world. It can be divided into eight layers: a cloudless sky, which is relative to the place where the previous heavens lived. According to Buddhism, although the heavens before the Three Zen in the Color Realm were empty, the places where they lived were like clouds. The place where the heavens above the four Zen Mediums live is above the dense place where the clouds are scattered like nothing. Therefore, the first layer of the four Zen Mediums is called "cloudless sky". Two blessings are born in this day, which means that the blessings of all living beings born in this day are the most extraordinary, so it is called the blessed day. The three broad fruit days refer to the days in the color world where the fruit of all living beings born in this day is the best, so it is called the broad fruit. There is no trouble in this day. There are no complicated troubles in this day. Five-hot days mean that all beings born on this day have completely subdued the heat barrier of all troubles, so it is called no heat. Six good things appear in the sky. The virtue of all living beings in the sky has already appeared, so it is called good things. Seven good things see the sky. All sentient beings in this sky have reached a very subtle level of practice, and everything they see is very clear. The eight colors have reached the highest level of the color world. If you go beyond this realm, you will reach the colorless realm.

The Four Zen Heavens, which have left the Three Zen Heavens with their wonderful feelings of happiness through practice, have the characteristics of giving up purity, reading purity, not suffering but not suffering, and paying attention to one state of mind. In the eight days of the four Zen meditation, the last five days since the fourth day of boredom have reached the state of the saints, which is the non-return fruit of the four fruits of Arhat (that is, no longer enter reincarnation), so it is called the Five Pure Dwelling Days, or the Five Non-return Days.

4、 What is the "colorless boundary" of the three realms

Zhuge Changqing: Amitabha. Above the color world of the three realms is the colorless world. Colorless beings not only have no lust, lust, appetite, lust, etc., but also have no physical body.

Beyond the shackles of the material world, we get a free state. In the colorless world, there are four kinds of differences due to the depth of practice, namely, the boundless space, the boundless space, the boundless space, the boundless space and the non-imaginary space.

There are only four minds, namely, receiving, thinking, acting and knowing, and there is no material world where there is emotion. There is no material thing in this world, nor body, palace, or land. Only the mind can live in the profound meditation, so it is called Colorless World.

This world is above the color world and has four days (the sky is boundless, the sky is boundless, the sky is boundless, the sky is empty, and the sky is not imaginary), also known as the four colorless and four empty places.

If you want to rise to the colorless world of the three realms, you need to practice four kinds of empty meditation.

Although the results of these three realms are different from each other in terms of advantages and disadvantages, pain and happiness, they belong to the mysterious realm and are the interest of the reincarnation of life and death of all beings, so they are rejected by the saints.

The four days in this world are all in meditation, and even the fixed form disappears. The life span is very long. To say colorless is not to say that there is no material body at all, but its shape and quality are extremely fine. As the second eight of the book of "The Theory of All Things" said, "The color is so small that it is called colorless, like the yellow thing, it is also called colorless." It is said that only Buddha can see this world.

The first empty place is to live in the "boundless space", where you can only see a boundless void, and you will live a life of 20000;

The second place to know is to live in the "limitless place to know", and to stay in the "limitless place to know", and to stay in the "limitless mind to know", "only to stay in the Alaiya knowledge, all in the last half of the minute" (Shurangama Sutra Volume 9), and to live a long life of 40000;

Third, there is nothing. Living in "nothing is fixed", "the sky and color are gone, the mind and the mind are gone, the ten sides are silent, and there is no face to face." (Shurangama Sutra, Volume 9), only to see nothing, and the life span is 60000;

The fourth is not thinking but not thinking, living in "not thinking but not thinking", "in the infinite, proclaiming the ultimate nature, if it exists, if it does not exist" (Shurangama Sutra, Volume 9), without any idea, but there is also a subtle existence (not thinking) of mindlessness and mindlessness, which has a long life span of 80000, and is the champion of longevity in the three realms. The place of non-thinking and non-thinking is the top of the three realms, so it is named "Youding".

The colorless world is one of the three worlds, also known as the colorless sky. "Color" means quality obstacle, and colorless means no quality obstacle, that is, the free state obtained beyond the constraints of the material world. It is the result of the heaven obtained by practicing the four colorless constitutions, or the four empty constitutions, of distaste from matter.

The achromatic boundary is also known as the four colorless days and four colorless places, which can be divided into four days, namely: (1) the sky in the boundless space; (2) Know the boundless sky; (3) There is no place in the sky; (4) We have to think about it. These four meditation realms can transcend the binding of all material phenomena (color method) and exist in accordance with spiritual phenomena (five color method). This state is named after the state, so it is called "colorless state".

In the four empty places, all phenomena are intangible and immaterial, just like the existence of emptiness. In the four colorless sky, there is only the mutual attachment between mind and mind, so these four kinds of fixation are also called "fixation", and take the state of mind as the attachment.

In the achromatic world, there are also four differences due to the depth of practice, that is, the achromatic four empty sky: the sky is boundless, the sky is boundless, the sky is boundless, the sky is boundless, the sky is boundless, and the sky is not imaginary. The sky is the end of the sky.

Zhuge Changqing, the colorless world is divided into four days:

1. The sky is boundless. It is the initial stage of the four colorless places. In the initial practice of colorless fixation, one must abandon the material world and concentrate on the boundless view of emptiness, so that the mind corresponds to the boundless emptiness, which is the so-called boundless emptiness.

2. Know the boundless sky. From the aversion to the substance of the external material world, we should further cultivate our inner mind, and take the mind and mind as the boundless view. This is the boundless place of knowledge.

3. There is no sky at all. It denies both the external material obstacles and the inner mind, and only thinks that everything inside and outside has nothing. By practicing this view of nothingness, we can get the fruit of heaven, that is, nothingness.

4. We have to think about it. It is also known as the place where there is no thought. It refers to that the practice of this day has reached the extremely quiet and wonderful state. It is called non-thinking because it has no rough thinking. It is also called non-thinking because it has not stopped thinking and still has careful thinking.

In order to enter the colorless world, we must learn to harness the material phenomenon (color method), and eliminate all feelings and thinking in the material external environment, so as to eliminate all the practice of material color method, and achieve the pure spiritual state that is based on the emptiness and colorless, that is, we can only rely on the existing mindfulness, without any relative material color method.

Reference materials for this article: materials from the Three Realms Network, Zhuge Changqing Buddhism research materials

南无阿弥陀佛。佛法是大智慧，使人顿悟人生、成就果报。

---- 诸葛长青

   南无本师释迦牟尼佛。

  南无阿弥陀佛。   

   福生无量天尊。

   俗家话说：超出三界外，不在五行中。

  那么什么是三界、五行呢？

  三界：欲界、色界、无色界。

  五行：金、木、水、火、土。

  “五行”原是中国古代的哲学概念，指构造物质世界的五大元素：金、木、水、火、土。

   “超出三界外”就是超出生死轮回，“不在五行中”就是不受物质的障碍。诸葛长青研究传统文化认为，俗语“超出三界外，不在五行中”指超凡脱俗，不受世俗的污染和拘束。

  在佛教术语中指众生所居之欲界、色界、无色界或指断界、离界、灭界等三种无为解脱之道。

  这“五行”不但有各自的本质特征，而且相互之间有生成、克制等联系，从而构成了万物及其运动变化。

  三界，指众生所居之欲界、色界、无色界。此乃迷妄之有情，在生灭变化中流转，依其境界所三个层次；又称作三有生死，或单称三有。因三界迷苦如大海之无边际，故又称苦界、苦海。

  《法华经·譬喻品》中说：“三界（按这里指欲界、色界、无色界，泛指世界）无安，犹如火宅，众苦充满，甚可怖畏，常有生老病死忧患，如是等火，炽然不息。”

  一、总述：什么是三界

  佛教把众生世界分为“三界”：欲界、色界、无色界。

  欲界包括六道；

  色界包括四禅十八天；

  无色界包括四空天。

   三界是众生生死轮回的处所，充满痛苦烦恼，被喻为“火宅”。

   二、什么是三界之“欲界”

  诸葛长青：阿弥陀佛。欲界包括“天道、人道、阿修罗道、畜生道、饿鬼道、地狱道”。

  其中天道包含：四天王天、忉利天、夜摩天、兜率天、化乐天、他化自在天。

  此界中众生贪于食、色、眠等诸欲。

  三界的欲界众生具有情欲、色欲、食欲、淫欲等各种强烈欲念。

  居住在欲界的众生，从下往上分为地狱、饿鬼、畜生、人、阿修罗、天六种，称为“六道”。

  地狱、饿鬼和畜生称为三恶道；

  人、阿修罗和天称为三善道；

  众生在六道中生死轮回。

  要想升到三界的欲界天道中，就要持五戒，修十善，还要加上布施，就是把自己拥有的钱财、知道的佛法、掌握的技术以及自己具有的能力施舍给别人。

  欲界。欲指财、色、名、食、睡五欲。主要指男女色欲。“男女参居，多诸染欲，故曰欲界。”

  欲界有五趣十二处。趣，义为趣向，五趣指有情生死，有五个去处，即地狱，畜生、饿鬼、人及六欲天，所以又称五趣杂居地。又有佛、菩萨来此度生及有修行成圣果者，又称凡圣同居地。

  其中---

  地狱---有等八处，加上畜生、饿鬼为十恶趣。

  人---有南赡部洲、东胜神洲、西牛贺洲、北俱卢洲等四处。

  天---有四天王天、三十三天、夜摩天、睹史多天、乐变化天、他化自在天等六处。人天合为十善趣。此立足于人，地狱在下，最底层是无间地狱；天在上，他化自天位居最上。

   欲界具含六道，曰天、曰人、曰阿修罗、曰鬼、曰畜生、曰地狱。前三名三善途，后三名三恶途。六道所由成，各缘藏识所伏种子之成熟。（每由旬约四十里）其外分布七香水海，七金山。再外有咸海，有铁围山。咸海之中，东南西北各现一大洲，大洲边附以二小洲，日月绕须弥山而行。东洲名弗婆提，南洲名阎浮提，西洲名瞿耶尼，北洲名郁单越，此皆人道所居。

  诸葛长青认为，熟悉六道，对于修行十分重要。六道内容如下：

  1、人道。人之所以为人。为夙修十善得其中者之果报。而其间又有差等。东西南三。洲苦乐状态。大致不甚悬隔。

  北俱芦洲特点：北洲则以善因较胜。故所享亦较愉快。衣食器具。皆由植物直接供给。不假工作。地产釜鍑。中置焰火珠。投米于中。珠自发热。饭熟乃已。男女相悦。则会于林中。如无血统关系。树为之合。若帷帐然。否则不合。男女自散。不敢强所欲也。顾此等欢会。终身不逾五次。非纵欲无度者可比。女子怀妊。七八日即产。置诸道周。喜之者抚而喂之。七日即长大成人。男入男群。女入女群。随手取衣饰于岸。不必原物。其人民不私己有。有如是者。（此举大略，欲知其详，可参观长阿含经）

  我们南瞻部洲人特点（诸葛长青备注，我们地球人属于南赡部州）：南洲。人力少一，资生之具即减一分。今世电炉电灯等物，疑若较为省事，不知乃他种人力之变相，非焰火珠可比。人民为维持生活计，不得不私所蓄。既有私蓄，斯有夺，此乱之所由来也。政治社会诸问，任如何研究，终无绝对实效可期，盖利之所在，弊即寓焉，福之所起，祸即伏焉。欲与北洲并美，无此事也。然因苦心志，劳筋骨，行拂所为，正所以促成上探大道之念，则远非北洲所能望焉。

  2、天道。夙修十善，得其上者业种成熟，即生天道。天之所以胜于人，约有三事。天人三个特点：一为化生，化生者，机缘一至，即托境现身，无处母胎之苦也。二为身胜，人中之痰涕，精涎，便溺，垢腻等一切不净物，诸天皆无之。而天女姿色，美好特甚，任吾人倾城倾国之容，傅以香花香水之饰，自天视之。惟觉劣陋臭秽，不堪亲近。三为衣食，思之自至，宫室受用现成，视北洲取资于植物犹嫌不便，勿论南洲须待胼手胝足也。天之层次有六，以属欲界，常称六欲天。

  天道有六层天：天之层次有六，以属欲界，常称六欲天。初曰四王天，居须弥山腰，二曰忉利天，居须弥山顶，此二天属地居；三曰夜摩天，四曰兜率天，五曰化乐天，六曰他化自在天，此四天属空居。六天乐境，逐层递胜。

  四王天者，因须弥为四宝合成，东黄金南琉璃西白银北水晶，四面各以一王领之，故名。忉利天，义为三十三，以其天有君主一，臣佐三十二，合组地居天政府也。凡依地而居之众生皆归此政府统摄。主名帝释，古德考定，谓即道家之玉帝，儒家之上帝。道家修炼成仙，势须上参帝释，故知尊之。三代以前，人民业障较薄，于帝释彰善瘅恶之举，每能有所感觉，故诗中累举上帝以为颂。后人业障较深，对于帝释，冥然罔觉。空居四天，较为尊贵，不与人间相接，故吾人尤难与知。此四天所以能空居，为兼修未到定之力。定者，结跏趺坐，排除妄想，俾心安定。（欲知其详，可取台宗止观研究之）或本梵音略名曰禅，或合称禅定。未到者，以未能舍离情欲，非根本之禅也。夜摩天，义为善时。以生此者时时唱快乐故。兜率天，义为知足，以生此者于诸欲能知足故。化乐天者，于境变化自娱。（如欲乘象马，则化象马骑之以为乐）他化自在者，假他所作乐境，以成己乐也。若夫情欲之娱，则形式逐层递简而愈乐。地居二天，有交媾之形，无泄精之秽。夜摩则惟抱持，兜率不过执手，化乐共笑，他化相视。（此本俱舍颂及立世论，若起世经则征异）此等欲事，只为纵乐而然，与胎育无关系。以诸天化生，不由母胎故，惟纵乐不已，藏识所伏种子，适为下坠恶途之因，斯可惧耳。及命将终，则有五种大衰相现：一为衣染尘埃，二为华发萎悴，三为两腋汗出，四为臭气入身，五为不乐本座，是诚六天之通病也。

  3、阿修罗道。 阿修罗，具含无天、不端正、无酒等义，以其乏天之德。而男子貌奇丑，又少和气，不能成酿也。所居在须弥山岩窟中，或散在海滨，或潜在海底。夙修十善，而瞋慢疑三习特盛者生之。其生也，多忿怒，好斗争。所享之乐，宫室华美，衣食亦出自然。然判在人道之下者，为日中不免自然之苦，避之不得。如享盛馔，末箸入口，化为淤泥，是其例也。（其它种类住处，及诸典实，楞严，正法念，增一阿含等经均有详载，未及具引）至吾人所能发现之处，于瞻波国有修罗宫，唐使王玄策曾三度过其地。（出西国志）而玄奘法师之游西域，又别有所得。

  4、地狱道。阎浮提二万由旬下，有地狱道。其中众生身形，虽与人同，而处境则惟苦无乐。狱之重者为八大狱：一等活狱，生其中者，铁爪长利，怀瞋互攫，又以刀剑递相斫刺脔割，或身碎，或肉坠，想以为死，冷风来吹，则若复活。二黑绳狱，恒为热铁绳所迫，皮肉骨髓皆焦，其中兼受斩锯之苦。三众合狱，中有大石山两两相对，众生入其间，山自然合，堆压其身，骨肉糜碎。四嗥叫狱，镬汤熬煎，苦极而叫。五大叫狱，乃煮煎尤惨者。六炎热狱，受烧炙之刑。七极热狱，乃烧炙之甚者。八阿鼻狱，义为无间，此为八大狱之最下层，众生坠此，受苦无间，乃世间最凄惨处也。大狱之旁，各有十六小狱，未及细举，此外尚有轻狱，散布铁围山间，及东西南三洲山林江海等处。此道众生，所以饱尝苦况，原因对十恶业曾作重大过犯。世有走无常，于地狱形相，亦有所亲见，故能言之如绘。明永乐宣德间，有酆都令尤和者，素辟地狱之说，卒以走无常勾摄其弟付狱事，确确凿凿，无致疑余地，遂大为帖服，且刻石于酆都观纪其实，以示前此坐井观天之失。

  5、鬼道。鬼道住处，有正有边。正住，在阎浮提下五百由旬。边住，散居诸处。凡曾犯十恶，其业尚轻者生之，身形亦如人。中分有威德无威德二种；有威德者，得住地居天，及四洲海滨山谷之间，皆有宫室之御，享用过人，世俗崇奉之神，即此类鬼也。无威德者，杂处东西南三洲人道之间，或依粪秽，或附草木，或凭冢墓，或隐屏厕，并无舍宇栖止。业较微者，尚能一饱，业较重者，饥火长焚，去人远矣。曰：彼所以乐，由昔日布施种子随机成熟耳，（布施义详世法篇）虽号为神，而昼伏夜游，虚怯多畏，依然鬼道本色也。我国鬼神之谈，散见经史子集者，何可胜道。而通幽扶鸾诸术，又往往有奇验。西人于鬼之事实，渐有所征。鬼神问题，亦认为有研究价值。（且有影鬼相之事）昔人无鬼论，诚无立足余地矣。

  6、畜生道。畜生广义，凡吾人所能知之动物，除人类外。上至巨兽，下至微虫，皆为所摄。非仅局于家所豢养，其身形特称旁出，异于五道。此为夙昔对于十恶，作普通过犯之业报也。顾吾人所能知，只在阎浮提与人同居之一部，其实畜类住处。诸道咸有，狱道之畜，如蛇如鸱，如黑驳狗，如百足虫，自无足以迄多足之毒类，皆生其中。

  鬼道则益以狐狸象马之属。混居人道者，东西南三洲现象略同。北洲则惟有鸿雁象马不恶之畜，无足多足之属概不与焉。六欲中天，空居四天，只有二足之畜，如妙色鸟之类。虽有象马娱乐，乃是幻化所成，非若地居天实有其物，以供乘御也。

  畜类之大者，以难陀，跋难陀，因之幻象亦渐次微变，若循一种轨迹焉。进化学者乃视为莫大之秘奥，强作生物演进之证据，夫吾人所能考察之地层，充其量能有几何年，以此等年较世界无量时间，以所居地，较世界无量空间皆，所谓无穷小数中之无穷小数。于此微乎其微，末乎其末，时空中所得之幻影，欲以断定世界无量时空之一切现象变态，何其妄也。

  今夫平圆，孰不知其为循环之圈乎？而于其中取无穷小弧，则弧线与切线若合为一。因其合一之故，从而下断语曰：弧者直线也。累弧成圆，则圆者亦一直线也。是人之妄。不问可知。然知是人之妄易，而知进化论之妄难，则习焉而不知察之过也。

   三、什么是三界之“色界”

   诸葛长青：阿弥陀佛。三界的色界位于欲界之上，此界诸天众生，远离食、色之欲，但还未脱离有物质的身体。

  由于此界众生没有食色之欲，所以也没有男女之别，此界之众生都由化生而来。

  依各自修习禅定之力而分为四层，即----

  “初禅天、二禅天、三禅天和四禅天”。

  色界位于欲界之上。相传生于此界之诸天，远离食、色之欲，但还未脱离质碍之身。所谓色即有质碍之意。由于此界众生没有食色之欲，所以也没有男女之别，生于此界之众生都由化生，依各自修习禅定之力而分为四层，分别是初禅天、二禅天、三禅天、四禅天。

  要想升到三界的色界，就要修习四禅定，一个人禅定境界的高低，决定了他将来升到色界天的层次的高低。

  色为变碍之义或示现之义，乃远离欲界淫、食二欲，而仍具有清净色质等有情所居之世界。此界在欲界之上，无有欲染，亦无女形，其众生皆由化生；其宫殿高大，系由色之化生，一切均殊妙精好。以其尚有色质，故称色界。

  此界依禅定之深浅粗妙而分四级，从初禅梵天，终至阿迦腻吒天，凡有十八天。  

  色界十八天的共同业因，是行上品十善且修禅入定。

  《业报差别经》说，“修行有漏十善，与定相应”，能令众生生色界天。依所入禅定的深浅，有初二三四禅天之阶差。因以禅定伏欲界之欲，故虽有身体，而无男女之欲，无家庭，恒处于禅定中享受“禅悦”，可以想象，那是一个清净离欲的禅定、瑜伽修行者们各自坐禅的社会，自然是安静异常，超然世外，没有人间和欲天的各种纷扰，是瑜伽行者生活的理想化。

  诸葛长青研究，色界分为四禅天十八天：

  1、初禅诸天。初禅天中，又有梵众天、梵辅天、大梵天三重。梵众天又称梵身天，是色界初禅诸天中的第一层。居于此处诸天众，相传为大梵天所领，因此称梵众天。梵辅天又称富楼天，是色界初禅天中第二层。此天诸众生均为大梵天王之辅佐，当大梵天王出行时，此诸天必侍卫左右。

   大梵天又称梵天、梵王等，是色界初禅天中的第三天。他是初禅三天之主，又是此娑婆世界之主。在佛教经典中，大梵天往往是佛法的护持者，经常为佛法而向佛陀请教。在古代印度，对于梵天的信仰很早就出现了在印度教中，梵天与湿婆、毗湿奴一起成为印度教的三大主神之一。佛教吸收了古代印度信仰中的这一神祇，将梵天作为佛教的护法神之一，并列于色界初禅天之中，作为初禅诸天之首。在初禅三天中，大梵天是主，梵辅天是大梵天的辅臣，而梵众天就如同大梵天之臣民。另外，在佛教有些经典，如《长阿含经》等中，将色界初禅分为四天，即梵众天、梵身天、梵辅天、大梵天。而佛教有些部派则仅分梵辅、梵众二天，以大梵天归于梵辅天中。

  2、二禅诸天。二禅天中，也可分为三天。一少光天，指在二禅诸天之中，以此天光明最少，因此称少光。二无量光天，是说自少光而上，此天中诸众生光明渐增，其量无限，难以测定，所以称无量光。第三是极光净天，又作光音天。是说此天中诸众生光明遍照，较之以前更盛，而且此天众言语时，口出净光，以光明为语。

  二禅诸天，远离初禅的寻、伺等心理活动，故内心明净，具有净、喜、乐、心一境性四特性，住于喜乐等情感之中，所以其境界称为“定生喜乐”。

  3、三禅诸天。三禅天分为少净、无量净、遍净三重。所谓净，是说此三禅天中诸天已离喜乐之情，唯受自地之妙乐，所以称为“净”。其中少净天是三禅诸天中受自地之乐最少的，故称为“少净”。第二无量净天，指此天众所受之乐渐增，其净难以衡量，故称“无量净”。第三遍净是说此中诸天众所受之乐遍满，故称“遍净”。

  三禅诸天，已离二禅所有的喜乐等情感，唯具行舍、正念、正知、受乐和专心一境等五种特性，其所获的境界称为“离喜妙乐”，并以正念正知，精进修行，以求得更高的境界。

  4、四禅诸天。四禅天是色界诸天中第四重。其中可分为八层：一无云天，这是相对于以前诸天所居之处而说的。按佛教所说，色界三禅之前诸天虽为空居天，但其所所居之处如云层密合。自四禅以上诸天所居之处，则在此云层密合处之上，其云轻散如虚无，故将此四禅中第一层天称为“无云天”。二福生天，指生于此天之众生福力最为殊胜，故称福生天。三广果天，指色界诸天中以生于此天之众生果所最胜，所以称广果。四无烦天，此天中诸众生没有纷乱繁杂的各种烦恼。五无热天，意思是说生于此天诸众生已经完全降伏了诸烦恼热障，故称无热。六善现天，此天中诸众生修行之果德已现，故名善现。七善见天，此天中诸众生修行已到极细微之境界，其所见均极清澈。八色究竟天，已修行到达色界的最高境界，如超越此界，即到无色界。

  四禅诸天，通过修行已经离开了三禅诸天还有的妙乐情感，一心忆念清净之修养功德，具有舍清净、念清净、不苦不乐受和心注一境等特性。四禅八天中，自第四无烦天起以上五天，已到达圣者的境地，为阿罗汉四果中的不还果(即不再进入轮回转生)，因此称为五净居天，或五不还天。

    四、什么是三界之“无色界”

   诸葛长青：阿弥陀佛。三界的色界之上就是无色界，无色的众生不但没有情欲、色欲、食欲、淫欲等，而且连物质的身体也没有了。

  超越了物质世界的束缚，得到的是自由状态。在无色界中，因修行的深浅而分为四种差别，即空无边处、识无边处、无所有处和非想非非想处。

  唯有受、想、行、识四心，而无物质之有情所住之世界。此界无一物质之物，亦无身体、宫殿、国土，唯以心识住于深妙之禅定，故称无色界。

  此界在色界之上，共有四天（空无边处天、识无边处天、无所有处天、非想非非想处天），又称四无色、四空处。

   要想升到三界的无色界，要修习四种空定，超越色界和无色界的修习是四禅八定。

   此三界之果报虽有优劣、苦乐等差别，但属迷界，系众生生死轮回之趣，故为圣者所厌弃。

   此界四天，依所入定而区分，皆恒处禅定中，连固定的形体亦消失，寿命甚为绵永。说无色，也非完全没有物质身体，只不过其形质极为微细，如《俱舍论》卷二八所言：“由彼色微故名无色，如微黄物，亦名无黄。”据说此界众生只有佛才能看见。

  第一空处，住“空无边处定”，定中唯见一无边虚空，寿二万大劫；

  第二识处，住“识无边处定”，定中唯见心识无量无边，“唯留阿赖耶识，全于末那半分微细”(《楞严经》卷九)，寿长四万大劫；

  第三无所有处，住“无所有处定”中，“空色既亡，识心都灭，十方寂然，迥无攸往。”(《楞严经》卷九)，唯见一无所有，寿长六万大劫；

  第四非想非非想处，住“非想非非想定”，“于无尽中，发宣尽性，如存不存，若尽非尽”(《楞严经》卷九)，没有任何观念，但还有分别无念无想的微细心存在(非非想)，寿长八万大劫，为三界中的长寿冠军。非想非非想处为三界之顶颠，故名“有顶”。

   无色界为三界之一，又称无色天。“色”是质碍的意思，无色就是没有质碍，即指超越了物质世界的束缚，所得到的自由状态。是通过修习厌离物质的四无色定，或称四空处定而获得的天界果报。

  无色界又名为四无色天、四无色处，可分为四天，即为：（1）空无边处天；（2）识无边处天；（3）无所有处天；（4）非想非非想处天。这四种禅定境界能超离于一切物质现象（色法）的缠缚，依止于精神现象（五色法）而存有，此定从境得名，所以名为“无色定”。

  在四空处天之中，一切现象都是无形无质，宛若虚空般的存在。在这四无色天的定境中，惟有存在于心念与心念之间的相互依止，所以这四种定心亦名为“定处”，并以所忆念观照的境界为依止之处。

  无色界中，也因修行的深浅而分四种差别即无色界四空天：空无边处天，识无边处天，无所有处天，非想非非想处天。在此非想非非想处天就是天之尽头处了。

  诸葛长青，无色界分为四天：

  1、空无边处天。为四无色处之最初阶段。初修无色定，必厌弃物质世界，一心思惟无边无际之空观，使心与无边之空相应，这就是所谓空无边处。

  2、识无边处天。从厌弃外界物质世界之质碍，进一步修习内心心识，以心与心识作无边无际之观。此即为识无边处。

  3、无所有处天。既否定外界物质之质碍，又否定内心心识，唯思内外一切无所有。以修此无所有观而得生天之果报，即无所有处。

  4、非想非非想处天。又称非有想非无想处。指此天之修行已到极静极妙之境界，以无各种粗想而称非想，又因其想未绝，尚有细想，所以为非非想。

  要入于无色界天，必须修学对治物质现象（色法）的系缚，并除灭一切物质外境的感受与思维，借以除灭一切物质色法的修行，而达到依止于如虚空无色的纯粹精神境界，就是只依存在于念念相续，而没有任何相对的物质色法的现起思维的定心之中。

  本文参考资料：三界网络资料、诸葛长青佛学研究资料

 (This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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