West Point Revealed: How West Point Trains People

西点军校揭秘：西点军校如何培养人才

West Point, with its six-word spirit of "country, honour and duty", has trained many elite people.

----- Zhuge Changqing

   The United States Military Academy at West Point, whose real name is the United States Federal Military Academy at West Point, is often referred to as West Point because it is located in the town of West Point in northern New York, USA.

   West Point was the first military school in the United States and is located in West Point, New York (on the west bank of the Hudson River), about 80 kilometres from New York City. The school covers an area of 16,000 acres (about 6,500 hectares).

   The motto of West Point is "Duty, Honour, Country" and the school is one of the oldest military academies in the United States. It was once one of the world's "Four Great Military Academies", along with the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst, the Russian Military Academy at Voronezh and the French Military Academy at Saint-Cyr.

   Zhuge Changqing believes that there must be a mentor for all three. Studying and learning from the successful experience of West Point is of great importance to China's strategy of strengthening the country.

  In order to write this article, Zhuge Changqing drew on "America through the Lens" by Mr Zou Dehao, "The Classic Rules of West Point" by Mr Yang Lijun, "The Code of Success at West Point - How the Elite are Trained" by Xiao Yue, "The Complete Collection of the Classic Rules of West Point" by Qingqiu, "The Classic Rules of West Point" by Ren Yuliang, and "The Classic Rules of West Point" by Ren Yuliang. The Laws of Success at West Point" by Ren Yuliang, as well as online materials. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to them for their wisdom and dedication.

 　I. West Point, why is it called West Point? How was it formed?

     Zhuge Changqing: West Point is famous all over the world. It is called the United States Federal Military Academy at West Point, or West Point for short. The school is located in the northern suburbs of New York City, in the town of West Point.

　　The town of West Point, where West Point is located, was an important military stronghold during the American Revolutionary War. According to Dr. Stevie Grove, who has studied the history of West Point, West Point has always been an important place for soldiers to fight.

   West Point, known as the United States Army Officer's School, is a school for junior officers in the United States Army and is customarily referred to as "West Point" because of its location on the rocky triangular slopes of Hudson Canyon, a northern suburb of New York City. "West Point".

  The total area of the school is 16,000 hectares. A series of buildings in the Gothic style consists of teaching buildings, cadet areas, sports fields and activity centres, with winter ski slopes, golf courses, training and camping areas on the periphery. The entire complex is centred on the large sports field, and the headmaster's residence is situated on the edge of the field, symbolising the close relationship between the headmaster and the students. The headmaster is usually a three-star lieutenant-general.

　　On 16 March 1802, Jefferson, the third President of the United States and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, signed the Act establishing West Point. On the 4th of July of the same year, West Point was officially founded with its first batch of ten cadets. The first president was Williams, grandson of the famous American statesman and scientist Benjamin Franklin.

   After American independence, Washington wanted to establish a national military academy here, but his Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, argued that there was no power within the Constitution for the President to create a military academy. After Jefferson became president, he signed into law on 16 March 1802 the establishment of the Federal West Point Military Academy, which opened (i.e. was founded) on 4 July of that year.

　　From 1817 to 1833, Colonel Sylvanus Thayer was headmaster. He set civil engineering as the school's main course of study, and graduates of this period built most of the original railway lines, bridges, ports and roads in the United States. After the Civil War, other engineering schools began to be established in the United States, and the West Point curriculum began to expand beyond civil engineering.

　　After World War I, Douglas MacArthur, the school's current head of attendance, further increased the academic curriculum. In line with the physical requirements of modern warfare, he advanced physical fitness and sports programming. "Every cadet is an athlete" became an important goal. At the same time, the traditional honour system for cadets became the official rule of the university.

　　In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson signed a law increasing the number of students from 2,529 to 4,417 (now down to 4,000). 1976 saw the first intake of women at West Point. 1810 and 1816 saw no graduates from West Point; while 1861, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1922 and 1943 saw two classes of graduates. 20th century In the middle of the 20th century, the structure of the West Point curriculum continued to expand and change, and students could now take courses in more than a dozen fields, with all types of science and liberal arts in addition to the former engineering subjects.

   Second, West Point, with the mission of training the elite.

   Zhuge Changqing: It is like the Chinese Guiguzi, which has trained many elites. According to Zhuge Changqing, a truly elite school must cultivate many elites, otherwise it loses its fundamental meaning.  

   West Point, was established to train the nation's elite.

   In its 200 years of history, West Point has trained many outstanding military talents, among whom 3,700 became generals and two became US presidents: Grant, the 18th President of the United States, and Eisenhower, the 24th President. The famous Generals Lee, Pershing, Patton, MacArthur, Bradley and Stilwell were also graduates of West Point. As a result, West Point is known as the "cradle of generals". In addition, West Point has produced many politicians, entrepreneurs, educators and scientists for the United States. Some of the most famous are: Hague, the 59th Secretary of State; Olmsted, the Chairman of the International Bank; Du Pont, the arms king; Gossels, the chief engineer of the Panama Canal; White, the first astronaut to walk in space; and Powell, the Secretary of State.

　　After the First World War, MacArthur became the president of West Point and put forward the principle of "looking at the changing world, looking at the complex future, and looking at the continuous modernisation of military technology and equipment", which greatly broadened the vision of American military education and brought the traditional West Point military academy into the modern 20th century.

   According to Zhuge Changqing, advisor to China's Zhuge think-tank, the words of these elite West Point graduates may be indicative of the spirit of West Point graduates.

    General Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States and a famous general who took part in the presidency of West Point, said

Let's not waste a minute thinking about people we don't like, and let's not waste a minute trying to hate people.

    It is still the West Point of Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, Schofield and Howard, said General John J. Pershing, a West Point graduate and a renowned general. These great men made their mark on the West Point of today during their visits; they inspire us with their self-sacrifice and their fighter's spirit of steadfastness to duty and honour.

   General Omar Bradley, a West Point graduate and renowned instructor, said: Teaching at West Point not only sharpened my insight, but also greatly broadened my horizons and my mind, and made me mature. In those years, I

   Former West Point President General MacArthur: We need lions on the battlefield to know that a lion led by a sheep can defeat a herd of lions led by a sheep.

   Former West Point President General Dave R. Delmer: Give me anyone who is not schizophrenic and I will make him a world class leader.

   Soros, the global financial magnate: I am sincerely grateful to my father for spending half a million dollars to let me experience the devil training at West Point for six months, and I completed my transformation at West Point again.

   Karl Rauen, President of Rauen Steel: The first thing a soldier learns is obedience. The great power of the whole comes from the individual spirit of obedience, and in a company, this spirit of obedience is needed even more. The consciousness of the top will soon turn into a powerful execution through the subordinates' service.

   Jonathan Williams, the first headmaster of West Point and a famous politician, said: No matter how great you are, you still need to improve yourself, if you are stagnant at your current level, you are in fact going backwards.

   Former West Point President Pandian said: The greatest plans are devised by the smartest people. But when it comes to implementation, you have to start small. The success or failure of the whole plan depends on these details.　

   Four-star general George Patton said: To do great things. First you have to be able to handle the little things, and do it with all your might. Go to your target and never retreat, or at least make up your mind not to retreat. For there are only three principles of war: Boldness! Bold! Bold!　　　　    

  Third, what kind of person can be admitted to West Point?

    Zhuge Changqing: The strict selection mechanism ensures an elite base of talent.

   Over the past 200 years, West Point has grown from a small school of just 1,800 acres when it was founded, with only two cadets graduating in its first class, to a prestigious school covering 16,000 acres today, with more than 900 men and women graduating each year and a place to which many young Americans aspire.

   Today, the mission of this prestigious school is to educate, train and inspire cadets to become active duty officers of "high moral character" who are committed to the values of "Duty, Honour and Country"; to develop cadets into outstanding military personnel who will make a career of being officers in the United States Army and serve their country for life. The military training of cadets to become officers in the United States Army as a career and lifelong service to the nation. Accordingly, West Point has its own strict entrance requirements and standards.

   According to West Point admissions officials, West Point applicants must be unmarried high school graduates or soldiers with equivalent education, aged 17-22, 1.68 - 1.98 metres tall, recommended by senior government officials (such as the Vice President or members of Congress or senior officials of the Department of the Army), tested and medically examined before being admitted. The examinations cover academic aptitude tests, physical education, etc.

   Open recruitment of qualified personnel is one of the principles of West Point's schooling. All young people applying for admission to West Point must be United States citizens, 17-22 years of age, 1.68-1.98 metres tall, regardless of race, colour, religion or sex. Candidates must be at the top of their class in their local high school, be in good health, have some organizational leadership skills, and must have received a recommendation from the President, Vice-President, Senator, Representative, Governor, Mayor or Chief of Staff of the United States in the year prior to taking the exam.

　　West Point has an annual intake of about 1,400 students, with over 10,000 applicants, of whom about 6,000 are recommended and able to take the exam. After a round of exams and tests, more than 2,000 remain. Then, the qualification committee of each branch of the military evaluates the moral, intellectual and physical aspects of the cadets and selects them on the basis of merit, and only 1,400 are lucky enough to be accepted. In fact, West Point has traditionally admitted only male cadets, but only started to admit female cadets in 1976, with the first batch of 119 cadets, which increased to more than 800 in the 1990s, accounting for 1/6 of the total number of cadets.

　 IV. What does West Point use to train its elite?

    West Point is a four-year institution, with courses divided into arts, science, engineering, military science and physical education, and field military training every summer (June to August). But Dr. Ken Grace, Vice Provost of West Point, added that after the September 11 terrorist attacks, the school added and adapted some majors and courses, including counter-terrorism, cyber-terrorism, conflict resolution, information assurance, international law, comparative legal systems, international security studies, nuclear engineering and chemical engineering. Chemical Engineering, while bringing in experts on international law and Islamic law, as well as experts on South Asia.

   What has made West Point such an impressive achievement? What makes West Point graduates synonymous with success?

  The Harvard Business Review once noted, "The demands of West Point on its students: punctuality, discipline, strictness, integrity, and fortitude are, in the opinion of some business administration experts, exactly what is necessary for business management in the 21st century."

   Zhuge Changqing, consultant of China Zhuge Wisdom, analyzed and researched that the success of West Point cadets cannot be separated from their five training methods:.

　　1, using the spirit of the military school to cultivate talents.

 Zhuge Changqing: The six-word spirit of "country, honour and responsibility" has nurtured many elite talents.

　　West Point, with its high starting point, uses the six words of national honour and responsibility to hold the cadets' spiritual pillars high, so that they have a high level of psychological quality from the moment they enter the school.

   Zhuge Changqing: We Chinese say, "Take the law from the top and only get it from the middle". Enterprise spirit and school motto must be positioned at a high level.

     2. Cultivate talent with brutal and strict training.

   Zhuge Changqing: Without rigorous training, there will be no outstanding talents.

    West Point has been able to train so many outstanding military personnel for the United States, and the near-harsh training is inseparable.

   After enrolling, cadets first undergo 45 days of basic training, which is the transitional training that turns civilians into qualified soldiers, a process often referred to by cadets as "Beast Camp".

   There is a long-standing tradition at West Point that when asked by a senior or officer, a new student can only have four responses.

　　"Yes, sir", "No, sir", "No excuse, sir", "No idea, sir". ".

　　Beyond that, not one more word can be said. For example, the schoolmaster asks, "Do you think your shoes are polished like this?" Your first reaction must be to defend yourself, "Report sir, someone just stepped on me accidentally in the queue." But no, all defences are not included in the four "standard answers", so you have to answer, "No, sir." When the seniors ask why, you end up saying, "No excuse, seniors."

   The reason for this rule is that new students learn to tolerate injustice, learn to do their duty and understand that there is "no excuse" for not performing to perfection. The school believes that it is only with this belief that a person can be motivated to be more resilient and produce maximum results.

    3. The "moral, intellectual, military and physical" requirements of cadets. One of the fundamental reasons why West Point has been so vibrant and has always received the attention of the world is that it has insisted on reforming its internal mechanism. West Point's education method, in accordance with the moral, intellectual, military and physical teaching objectives, has established a strict, monotonous and even somewhat brutal management system in terms of physical training.

   West Point requires cadets to achieve.

    * unconditional obedience. Let obedience become a habit, know how to obey authority in order to become an authority

   * No excuses for work. No excuses, no discipline, no excuses, no excuses.

    *The details make the difference between success and failure. Start with the little things, focus on your image, do every little thing well

   *Look to your supervisor as an example. Your supervisor is your supervisor, be grateful to your supervisor, and take your supervisor as your teacher in every way.

    ........

     At West Point, what makes all West Pointers most proud is West Point's famous "Code of Honour" - "Every student will never lie, cheat or steal, and will never tolerate others to do so ". West Point produces not only a soldier, but also the elite of society. At West Point, honour is everything.

    West Point's honour system is more authoritative and severe than disciplinary rules. The punishment for deviating from the "code of honour" is also more severe than the punishment for violating discipline.

   4. Train combat power with a sense of crisis. West Point puts its cadets in a simulated state of hostility at all times to help maintain the tension of the American soldier on the battlefield.

    Many of the officers in the US military today came from West Point, and their mental strength comes from West Point. This spirit is that while they have the most powerful military force in the world, they still maintain a sense of spiritual crisis, and their goal is still to be strong, strong and stronger.

    5、The cadets are selected by a cruel elimination method. West Point cadets from the date of entry, we must carry out strict testing and screening, the implementation of optimization and elimination system. The elimination rate for new students in the first academic year is 23%, and the final cadets who can complete the four years of graduation account for about 70% of the total number of students enrolled, and the elimination rate for girls is even higher. The four-year undergraduate program at West Point consists of 40 courses, 30 of which are required, mainly in mathematics, engineering, English, history, psychology and sociology. 10 elective courses include basic sciences, applied sciences, engineering and humanities. After four years of study, cadets graduate with a Bachelor of Science degree and the rank of Second Lieutenant. Upon graduation, cadets are expected to serve in the army for a minimum of five consecutive years. During their time at the school, expenses are mainly covered by Congressional appropriations and they receive a monthly stipend.

　　V. What are the three characteristics of West Point graduates?

    Zhuge Changqing, Advisor to China Zhuge: Leadership, execution, and charisma are three characteristics that make West Point graduates highly sought after.

     The fact that West Point has produced so many talented people is due to the three secrets of "leadership, execution and moral force".

　 1、Leadership. In the view of West Pointers, the key to leadership is not to make others simply obey orders, but to guide and motivate your subordinates, so that they can synchronize with your thinking and ideas, and follow you to fight for the cause together. Lt. Col. Todd Henshaw of West Point's leadership training programme points out that a good leader knows how to maintain the value of his team and add value to it through team building.

   Zhuge Changqing: Leadership that predestines him to handle problems with wisdom and success in the future.

   2. Execution. Execution then means that unless there is something wrong with the order itself, it must be carried out without any excuse. At West Point, soldiers could only have four answers when answering orders: "Yes, sir"; "No, sir"; "I don't know, sir". "No excuses, sir".

   Zhuge Changqing: The power of execution, destined to work with high speed and efficiency and accurate execution.

   3, moral force. Personality charisma, on the other hand, refers to human virtues, such as honesty. West Point's honorable creed is: "Never cheat or steal, and never tolerate such behavior from anyone." A female soldier once broke the rules to go for a nap and was caught and given a heavy warning, but the punishment was not because she had broken the rules, but because she had slept for 30 minutes, but could say she had only slept for 15 minutes.  

   Zhuge Changqing: moral force, destined to be loyal and pragmatic.

    Sixth, focus on selecting and rewarding all kinds of outstanding talents.

　　At a graduation ceremony held in May 2006, Liu Jie, a 21-year-old Chinese girl, graduated with first class honours and received a diploma from President Bush on behalf of all the graduates. Liu Jie is the first female student of Chinese descent to receive this honour in recent years. Liu Jie was born in the United States and her parents moved there more than 30 years ago. She is the youngest daughter of two older brothers and enrolled at West Point four years ago after graduating from a major high school in Virginia.

　　Liu Jie grew up wanting to join the military, most likely due to the influence of her grandfather Liu Chi. Liu Chi had fought in the Northern Expedition and the War of Resistance against Japan, and her maternal great-grandfather was also a general. Liu Jie's parents recall that Liu Jie was very much his own man from an early age, and was interested in the military from the age of five or six, and was determined to attend West Point when he reached high school. Liu Jie was very independent and did not need her parents to worry about her schoolwork. Although her parents did not support her to go to military school, she was very insistent and did all the application, finding senators to write letters of recommendation and taking exams on her own. Throughout her four years of military school at West Point, Liu Jie never complained about anything and always faced all kinds of difficulties and challenges with an optimistic and positive attitude.

　　As for her success, Liu Jie said modestly that she was only interested in the military and had a good time and schedule, so she succeeded. According to Liu Jie, West Point gives every student a fair chance to learn and provides excellent academic and physical training. Because of the school's strict requirements, students themselves must be strict with themselves and clear about what they are striving for. Liu Jie is very interested in American history and the Constitution. As the first Chinese-American female West Point officer, Jie Liu will serve in the US Army with the rank of second lieutenant. When it comes to the future, she hopes to be able to return to West Point to teach and pass on what she has learned and her practical experience to her younger siblings.

　　In 2006, the 208th commencement ceremony at West Point, 861 students graduated, a graduation rate of about 72%. Of these students, 65 were of Asian Pacific descent and nearly 20 were of Chinese descent, breaking the record for graduates of Chinese descent in the history of the program. President Bush personally presented diplomas to 49 graduating seniors of the Class of 2006, including Jie Liu, who had the highest four-year academic average, and three Chinese students, Wei-Cheng Zhou and Yang Cai Lin, who received scholarships from the University of Hawaii. In presenting the certificate to Liu Jie, Bush congratulated her on her achievement and encouraged her to continue to work hard and to keep up her best work, as she still has a long way to go in life.

　　VII. Using military museums to develop cadets' international perspective

    Zhuge Changqing: The benefit of the exhibition museum at West Point is that it allows cadets to quickly learn about military history and understand the world's military power. It enhances macro thinking and international perspective.

　　Because of the military school's reputation, visitors from around the world flock to the museum. Although West Point is open to the public, it has no business relationship with any tour company. Every time a journalist takes a friend on a tour, he or she first registers at the "Visitor Reception Centre" outside the school, and is then escorted by the school's receptionist to board the school's special "West Point Tour Bus" to enter the school as a group and get a glimpse of the school along a designated route. Visitors are allowed to take photographs on the tour, but only at designated locations. A reporter once casually asked the receptionist if he wanted to devote his life to the army and become an American general. The young man's answer was truthful and rational. He said, "When I come to West Point, I will definitely be impressed by the noble atmosphere, the sense of national honour and the sacred responsibility. I definitely want to be a good American officer, but after all, society and people are constantly changing, and it is not certain whether I will be a general in the future, but for now I just want to be a good officer.

　　West Point has been voted the best university in the country many times, and in addition to the great advantage of the military school being completely free for students financially, graduates are able to enter the army directly with the rank of second lieutenant, with a starting salary of $69,000 per year before taxes. What's more, the rigorous education of the military academy produces students who are highly motivated by the glorious history of West Point and who will not only be patriotic, but will also have the will to overcome the difficulties of life in the face of future adversity.

   The West Point Military Museum, founded in 1854, is located just outside the campus in the town of West Point. On the ground floor of the museum are exhibits of materials, artefacts and memorabilia related to the war and the development of West Point. The museum is a small building, out of proportion to the size of the military museums in Beijing. But the West Point Military Museum claims to be the most extensive military museum in the Western Hemisphere, allowing visitors to learn in a short time, through a wealth of objects and materials, about the evolution of the emergence of warfare in mankind, from the fighting in the wilderness, sieges, Indian wars, wars of independence, to the recent World Wars I and II. Weapons displays range from the swords and knives of the Cold War era to modern guns, artillery, chariots, warships, and even nuclear weapons, giving visitors both a visual and rational understanding of war and peace, and of American military history.

　　This reporter has visited the museum many times, but each time he finds a new exhibit. This is because, as a base for teaching military history, the usual public displays are only a tenth of the museum's collection. In the artefacts section, there are trophies of the US Army from various battlefields such as the Second World War and the Vietnam War, such as German and Japanese equipment and uniforms, and so on. Among them are also the protocols of the Japanese surrender to the Allies and the royal command swords granted by the Japanese Emperor when they surrendered. To the reporter's surprise, there are also costumes worn by members of the Boxer Rebellion in northern China more than 100 years ago and weapons such as swords and spears used by them.

　　On the ground floor is the Light Weapons Gallery, which displays light weapons from ancient to modern times, including the odd European ancient and medieval weapons, each with a detailed description of the era and country in which they were made. On the second basement level of the museum is the Heavy Weapons Gallery, which houses a number of tanks and artillery pieces, but the most impressive is the model of a live atomic bomb used by the US military to bomb Japan in 1945. The colour of this model is dark black, and the lights make it look much less effective. It was good to see it in its true colours later at Baisha City where the first atomic bomb was successfully tested.

　　Zhuge Changqing: Confucius said that there must be a teacher for all three. Putting aside the perspective of international warfare, West Point, is a good example for us to follow. We Chinese need to learn from the best experiences of the world and strengthen our forces.

    References for this article.

   1、A look at America through the lens by Zou Dehao

   2、The Classic Laws of West Point by Yang Lijun

   3、The Code of Success at West Point - How the Elite are Trained by Xiao Yue

   4、The Classic Laws of West Point by Qingqiu

   5、The Rules of Success at West Point by Ren Yuliang

   6, Baidu encyclopedia and other network materials, etc.

西点军校，用“国家、荣誉、责任”六字精神，培养了诸多精英人才。

----- 诸葛长青

   美国西点军事学院，真实的名字叫做“美国联邦西点陆军军官学校”，因为位于美国纽约北部的西点镇，所以常被称为西点军校。

   西点军校是美国第一所军事学校，位于纽约州西点（哈德逊河西岸），距离纽约市约80公里。学校占地1万6千英亩（约6千5百公亩）。

   西点军校的校训是“责任、荣誉、国家”，该校是美国历史最悠久的军事学院之一。它曾与英国桑赫斯特皇家军事学院、俄罗斯伏龙芝军事学院以及法国圣西尔军校并称世界“四大军校”。

   诸葛长青认为，三人行、必有我师。研究和学习西点军校的成功经验，对于推动我国强国战略具有十分重要的意义。

  为了撰写本文，诸葛长青借鉴阅读了邹德浩先生撰写的《从镜头看美国》、杨立军先生写的《西点军校的经典法则》、肖悦编著的《西点军校成功密码——精英是如何练成的》、青丘编著的《西点军校经典法则大全集》、任育良著的《西点军校的成功法则》以及网络资料等。对他们的智慧奉献，表示真诚感谢。

 　一、西点军校，为什么叫西点？如何组建的？

     诸葛长青：西点军校，闻名世界。全称为“美国联邦西点陆军军官学校”，简称为西点军校。军校所在地点是的纽约市北郊西点镇。

　　西点军校所在的西点镇曾是美国独立战争中一个重要的军事要塞。据研究西点军校历史的斯蒂温·格罗夫博士介绍，西点历来是兵家必争之地。

   西点军校的全称为“美国陆军军官学校”，是美国军队培养陆军初级军官的学校，因学校位于纽约市北郊的哈得逊峡谷的三角岩石坡地上，该点被当地人称为“西点”，故习惯上又称其为“西点军校”。

  学校总面积为16000公顷。一系列哥德式建筑风格的建筑物由教学大楼、学员区、运动场与活动中心等组成；外围有冬季滑雪场、高尔夫球场、训练与野营区等。整个建筑群以学校的大运动场为中心展开，而校长的宿舍就座落在大运动场边上，象征着校长与学员的亲密关系。校长一般由三星级中将担任。

　　1802年3月16号，美国第三任总统、独立宣言的主要起草人杰斐逊签署了成立西点军校的法令。同年7月4号，西点军校正式成立，首批学员共有10人，第一任校长是美国著名政治家、科学家本杰明·富兰克林的外孙威廉姆斯。

   美国独立之后，华盛顿想在此建立一所全国军校，但是他的国务卿托玛斯·杰弗逊争辩说宪法之内没有给总统创立军校的权力。杰弗逊上任总统之后，在1802年3月16日签署了法律，建立联邦西点陆军军官学校，同年7月4日西点军校开学（即成立）。

　　1817年——1833年，上校西尔维纳斯·萨耶尔（Sylvanus Thayer）担任校长。他将土木工程设置为学校主要课程，这个期间的毕业生修建了美国大部分最初的铁路线、桥梁、港口和公路。南北战争之后，美国开始建立其他工科学校，西点军校的课程开始扩展到土木工程之外领域。

　　一次大战以后，校出席本次长道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟进一步增加学术课程。按照现代战争体能的要求，他推进了体育健身和运动节目。“每一个军校学生都是运动员”成为了一个重要目标。同时，军校学生传统的荣誉系统，成为校方正式规则。

　　1964年，林登·约翰逊总统签署法律，从2529名学生增加到4417名(现已降至4,000名)。1976年，西点军校第一次招收女生。1810年和1816年，西点军校没有毕业生；而1861，1915，1917，1918，1922和1943年有两班毕业生。20世纪中，西点军校课程结构继续扩展和改变，现在学生可以在十几个领域中选课，除以前的工科，各类理科和文科都有了。

   二、西点军校，以培养精英为使命。

   诸葛长青：犹如中国的鬼谷子，培养了很多精英。诸葛长青认为，一个真正的精英学校，必须培养诸多精英，否则失去了根本意义。  

   西点军校，是为了培养国家精英而设立的。

   在西点军校200多年的历程中，培养了众多的杰出军事人才，其中有3700人成为将军，两人成为美国总统，他们就是美国第18任总统格兰特，第24任总统艾森豪威尔。赫赫有名的李将军、潘兴、巴顿、麦克阿瑟、布莱德利、史迪威等，也都是西点军校毕业生。因此，西点军校被称为“将军的摇篮”。除此之外，西点军校还为美国培养和造就了众多的政治家、企业家、教育家和科学家。其中著名的有：第59任国务卿黑格、国际银行主席奥姆斯特德、军火大王杜邦、巴拿马运河的总工程师戈瑟尔斯、第一个在太空中行走的宇航员怀特和国务卿鲍威尔等。

　　第一次世界大战之后，麦克阿瑟出任西点军校校长，提出“着眼于不断变化的世界，着眼于复杂的未来，着眼于军事技术和装备的不断现代化”的原则，大大开阔了美国军事教育的视野，把传统的西点军校带入现代化的20世纪。

   中国诸葛智囊顾问诸葛长青认为，这些西点军校毕业精英的话，或许能展示西点毕业生的精神风貌：

    参加担任西点军校校长的美国第34任总统，著名将领艾森豪威尔将军说：
我们不要浪费一分钟的时间去想那些我们不喜欢的人，也不要为了恨别人而去浪费一分钟。

    西点毕业生，著名将领约翰·J·潘兴将军说：这仍是格兰特、谢尔曼、谢里登、斯科菲尔德和霍华德的西点。这些伟人在他们到访期间给今天的西点打上了深深的烙印；他们以自我牺牲、坚守职责和荣誉的斗士精神，激励着我们。

   西点毕业生、著名教官奥马尔·布拉德利将军说：在西点任教，不仅使我的洞察力更为敏锐，也大大开阔了我的视野和心胸，令我变得成熟。那些年，我

   前西点军校校长麦克阿瑟将军:我们需要的是战场上狮子，要知道由一头狮子带领羊能战胜由一只羊带领的一群狮子。

   前西点军校校长戴夫R 戴尔默将军:随便给我个人，只要不是精神分裂症，我就可以把他培养成世界一流的领导者。。

   全球金融大鳄索罗斯：我由衷的感谢当年父亲花了50万美金，让我在西点军校体验了6个月的魔鬼训练，我再西点完成了脱胎换骨。

   劳恩钢铁总裁卡尔劳恩：军人的第一件事情就是学会服从，整体的巨大力量来自于个体的服从精神，在公司中，更需要这种服从精神，上层的意识通过下属的服很快会变成一种强大的执行力。

   西点第一任校长，著名政治家乔纳森威廉斯：不管你有多么伟大，你依然需要提升自己,如果你停滞在现有的水平上，事实上你是在倒退。

   西点前校长潘奠说：最聪明的人设计出来的最伟大的计划。执行的时候还是必须从小处着手.整个计划的成败就取决于这些细节。　

   四星上将乔治•巴顿说：要想做大事。首先要能够处理小事才行，而且全力以赴。去攻击你的目标，永远不要撤退，至少要下定决心不要撤退。因为战争只有三个原则：大胆！大胆！大胆！　　　　    

  三、什么人可以考入西点军校？

    诸葛长青：严格的选拔机制，确保了人才的精英基础。

   200年来，西点军校已由当年成立时仅有1800英亩的面积，第一期仅有两名学员毕业的小学校，成长为如今占地16000英亩、每年有900多名男女学员毕业的名校和众多美国青年人向往的地方。

   如今，这所名校的任务是教育、训练和激励学员，使每一位学员成为恪守“职责、荣誉、国家”价值观、“品德高尚”的现役军官；把学员培养成以美国陆军军官作为职业发展和终身为国家服务的优秀军事人才。据此，西点有着自己严格的入学条件和标准。

   据西点军校招生官员介绍，西点招生对象必须是年龄为17－22岁的未婚高中毕业生或具有同等学历的士兵，身高1.68---1.98米，经政府高官（如副总统或国会议员或陆军部高官）推荐、考试和体检后择优录取。考试范围包括学业能力倾向测验、体育等。

   公开招考合格的人才，是西点军校的办学原则之一。凡报考西点军校的青年，条件必须是美国公民，年龄在17-22岁，身高1.68-1.98米，不论种族、肤色、宗教信仰和性别。报考生必须在当地高,学习成绩名列本班前茅，且身体健康，具有一定的组织领导才能，在参加考试的前一年还必须得到美国总统、副总统、参议员、众议员、州长、市长或部队主管的推荐。

　　西点军校每年招生大约1400名，报考人数在1万人以上，能得到推荐并能参加考试的约6000人。经过一轮轮地考试和测验，剩余2000多人。然后，各军种学员入学资格评审委员会从德、智、体等方面全面衡量，择优录取，最后仅1400人有幸被录取。事实上，西点军校传统上只招收男学员，从1976年才开始招收女生，首批为119名，20世纪90年代已增至800余人，占学员总数的1/6。报考学员的高中成绩必须在本班名列前茅，而且要得到国会议员或高级官员的推荐。

　 四、西点军校用什么培养精英？

    西点的学制为四年，课程分为文科、理科、工程、军事科学和体育等，每年暑期（6－8月）进行野外军训。但西点军校副教务长肯·格瑞斯博士补充说，“9·11”恐怖袭击事件发生后，学校适时增设和调整了部分专业和课程，其中包括反恐怖主义、网络恐怖主义、冲突解决、信息保障、国际法、法律制度比较、国际安全研究、核工程和化学工程等，同时引进了有关国际法和伊斯兰法律方面的专家和南亚问题专家。

   是什么使西点取得如此骄人的成绩？是什么使西点毕业生成为成功者的代名词？

  《哈佛商业评论》曾指出：“西点军校对学生的要求：准时、守纪、严格、正直、刚毅，在一些工商管理学专家看来，正是21世纪企业管理所必备的。”

   中国诸葛智囊顾问诸葛长青分析研究认为，西点学员的成功离不开他们五个训练方法：

　　1、用军校精神培养人才。

 诸葛长青：“国家、荣誉、责任”六字精神，培养了诸多精英人才。

　　西点军校，起点很高，用国家荣誉责任六个字，把学员的精神支柱高高挺立，使他们进入学校开始，就具备高层次的心理素质。

   诸葛长青：我们中国人说“取法乎上仅得乎中”。企业精神、校训必须高起点定位。

     2、用残酷严格训练培养人才。

   诸葛长青：没有严格的训练，就没有杰出的人才。

    西点军校能够为美国培养出如此众多的优秀军事人才，与近乎严酷的训练是分不开的。

   学员入学后，首先要接受45天的基础训练，也就是把老百姓变成合格军人的过渡训练，这一过程通常被学员称为“野兽营”。

   美国西点军校有一个久远的传统，遇到学长或军官问话，新生只能有四种回答：
　　“报告长官，是”“报告长官，不是”“报告长官，没有任何借口”“报告长官，不知道”。
　　除此之外，不能多说一个字。比如学长问：“你认为你的皮鞋这样就算擦亮了吗?”你的第一个反应肯定是为自己辩解：“报告长官，刚才排队时有人不小心踩了我。”但是不行，所有的辩解都不在那四个“标准答案”里，所以你只能回答：“报告学长，不是。”学长要问为什么，你最后只能答：“报告学长，没有任何借口。”

   学校之所以这样规定，就是要让新生学会忍受不公平，学会恪尽职责，明白表现不达到十全十美是“没有任何借口”的。学校认为，只有秉持这种信念，才有可能激发起一个人无比的毅力，产生出最大的效果。
    3、用“德、智、军、体”要求学员。西点军校之所以充满活力、始终受到世人的关注，一个根本的原因就是它坚持了内部机制的改革。西点的教育方法，按照德、智、军、体的教学目标，建立起了严格、单调、甚至在体能训练上有点残酷的管理制度。

   西点军校要求学员做到：

    *无条件服从。让服从成为一种习惯、懂得服从权威才能成为权威
   *工作无借口。纪律不可冒犯、没有任何借口、保证完成任务。
    *细节决定成败。从小事做起、注重自己的形象、做好每一件小事
   *以上司为榜样。上司就是上司、对上司充满感激、处处以上司为师。

    ........

     在西点，让所有西点人最感到自豪的就是西点著名的“荣誉准则”——“每个学员绝不撒谎、欺骗或盗窃，也绝不容忍其他人这样做”。西点培养的不仅是一名军人，还是社会的精英。在西点，荣誉就是一切。
    西点的荣誉制度比纪律规定更有权威，更严厉。背离“荣誉准则”的处罚也比违反纪律的处罚来得严重。

   4、用危机感训练战斗力。西点军校时时让学员处在着一种模拟的敌对状态，以利于保持美国军人在战场上的紧张感。

    今天的美国军队中，许多军官出自西点，其精神力量也来自西点。这个精神就是他们在拥有世界最强大军事力量的同时，仍然保持着居安思危的精神危机感，他们追求的目标仍然是强大、强大、更强大。

    5、用残酷淘汰办法筛选学员。西点军校学员自入校之日起，就要进行严格的检验与筛选，实行优化与淘汰制。第一学年新生淘汰率为23%，最终能学完四年毕业的学员占入学总人数的70%左右，女生淘汰率更高。西点军校四年制本科学员的课程共有40门，其中30门是必修课，主要是数学、工程、英语、历史、心理学和社会学等。10门选修课包括基础科学、应用科学、工程学和人文学等。学员经过四年学习毕业后，获理科学士学位，授少尉军衔。学员毕业后，至少应在军队连续服役5年。在校期间，开支主要由国会拨款支付，每月可领取津贴。

　　五、西点军校毕业生有哪三个特点？

    中国诸葛智囊顾问诸葛长青：领导力、执行力、人格魅力，三大特点，使得西点军校毕业生十分抢手。

     西点军校能产生如此众多的人才，要归功于“领导力、执行力和道德力”这三大秘诀。

　 1、领导力。在西点人看来，领导力的关键并不是让其他人简单地服从命令，而在于引导、激励部下，让他们跟你的思维、理念同步，跟随你为事业一起奋斗。西点军校领导力培训项目的托德·亨肖中校指出，一个好的领导人，要懂得如何保持团队的价值，并通过团队建设使之增值。

   诸葛长青：领导力，注定了他将来处理问题有智慧、圆满。
   2、执行力。执行力则意味着除非命令本身有问题，否则必须执行，没有任何借口。在西点，士兵在回答命令的时候，只能有4种答案：“是，长官”；“不，长官”；“不知道，长官”；“没有借口，长官”。

   诸葛长青：执行力，注定了工作的高速高效、执行准确。

   3、道德力。人格魅力则是指人的美德，比如诚实。西点军校的荣誉信条是：“决不欺骗和偷盗，也决不容忍任何人的这种行为。”曾经有一个女兵违反规定去午睡，被发现后遭到重罚警告，但处罚并非因为她违反了规定，而是因为她睡了30分钟，可却说只睡了15分钟。  

   诸葛长青：道德力，注定了忠诚和务实。

    六、注重选拔奖励各类优秀人才。

　　在2006年5月举行的一次毕业典礼，21岁的华裔女生刘洁以第一名优异成绩毕业，并代表全体毕业生从布什总统手中接过毕业证书。刘洁是近几年首位获得这一殊荣的华裔女学生。刘洁出生于美国，父母亲30多年前移居美国。刘洁有两个哥哥，是家中最小的小女儿，四年前从弗吉尼亚州一所重点中学毕业后，即报考西点军校就读。

　　刘洁从小想参军，很可能是受祖父刘峙的影响。刘峙曾参加过北伐和抗日战争，外曾祖父也是将军。刘杰的父母回忆说，刘洁从小就很有自己的想法，五、六岁开始就对军事很有兴趣，上了高中便立志要上西点。刘杰很独立自主，不需父母担心课业。虽然父母不支持她上军校，她却很坚持，所有申请、找参议员写推荐信、考试等，都是她自己独立完成。刘洁在西点的四年军校生活中，从未抱怨什么，而且一直以乐观、积极的态度面对各种困难和挑战。

　　对于自己的成功，刘洁非常谦虚的表示：她只是对军事很有兴趣，加上时间和课程安排得宜所以成功。刘洁认为，西点军校给每个学生提供了公平的学习机会，提供了非常好的学术与体能的训练。正因为学校的严格要求，学生自己必须严格要求自己，明确自己的奋斗目标。刘杰对美国历史、宪法非常有兴趣。作为第一名华裔西点女军官，刘洁将以少尉军衔在美军中服务。谈到未来，她希望可以回到西点军校教书，将她所学到的知识和实践经验传授给学弟学妹。

　　2006年是西点军校的第208届毕业典礼，共有861名学生毕业，毕业率约为72%。其中亚太裔学生有65名，华裔学生将近20人，打破了历年来华裔毕业生的纪录。布什总统亲自颁发毕业证书给49名2006年班成绩优异的毕业生，其中包括四年学业平均成绩最高的刘洁，以及获得夏威夷大学奖学金的周伟成、蔡林旸三位华裔学生。布什颁发证书给刘洁时，除了恭喜她的成绩外，还勉励她要继续努力，要保持最佳状，因为未来的人生还有很长的路要走。

　　七、用军事博物馆培养学员的国际眼光

    诸葛长青：西点军校举办展览馆的好处是，让学员迅速了解军事历史、了解世界军事力量。增强宏观思维和国际眼光。

　　因为军校名声显赫，世界各地的游客纷纷慕名而来。虽然西点军校对外开放，却和任何旅游公司没有业务关系。记者每次带朋友参观，都先到校外的“参观接待中心”登记，然后由军校的接待官带队，登上军校专用的“西点游览车”集体进校，按指定路线一窥军校的风貌。参观途中允许游客拍照片，但也只能在规定的地点拍摄留念。记者曾随意问过接待官：是想把终身奉献给军队，成为一名美国将军吗？这个年轻人的回答真实且有理性。他说，来到西点军校，一定会被这里的崇高气氛、国家荣誉感和神圣的责任感所熏陶，我肯定想成为一名优秀的美国军官，但毕竟社会和人都在不断变化，未来能否当将军说不准，目前只想成为一名好军官。

　　西点军校曾多次被评为全美最佳大学，除了经济上军校对学生是完全免费的的极大优待外，毕业生能直接以少尉军衔进入部队，税前年薪起点是6.9万美元。更重要的是，经军校严格教育培养出来的学生都作风过硬，“西点”的光荣历史会催人奋进，他们不仅有爱国情操，还会在未来的逆境中，用坚强的意志，克服人生道路上的各种困难。

   创建于l854年的西点军事博物馆设立在校园外的西点镇上。在一楼的展厅内，展示着与战争和西点发展有关的资料、文物和纪念品。博物馆的建筑不大，跟北京的军事博物馆规模不成比例。但是西点军事博物馆却号称是西半球藏品最丰富的军事博物馆，能让来访者在很短的时间内，通过大量的实物和资料，了解人类出现战争的演变过程，从旷野上的厮杀、围城、印第安战争、独立战争，直到近代的一战、二战等。武器展示则从冷兵器时代的刀、剑到现代的枪、火炮、战车、军舰，直至核武器，使游客对战争与和平，对美国军事史等，既有直观的了解，又有理性的认识。

　　记者曾多次参观过博物馆，但每次都会发现有新的展品。这是因为作为军事史教学基地，平时公开的陈列仅为馆藏品的十分之一。在文物展部分，就有美国陆军从第二次世界大战、越南战争等各战场得来的战利品，如德军、日军的装备和军服等等。其中还有日军向盟军投降的协议书，以及投降时交出的日本天皇授予的皇家指挥刀。更让记者惊讶的是，这里还展有100多年前中国北方义和团团员穿戴过的服装和他们使用过的大刀和长矛等武器。

　　地下一层是轻武器馆，展示从古代到现代的轻武器，其中包括欧洲古代和中世纪那些奇奇怪怪的兵器，每一件上面都有详细的说明，告诉你这些兵器是什么年代什么国家铸造。博物馆的地下二层是重武器馆，展有一些坦克和火炮，但给人印象最深刻的是美军1945年用原子弹轰炸日本的实弹模型。这个原子弹模型的颜色是暗黑色的，再加上灯照出来的效果大打折扣。好在后来在成功试爆第一颗原子弹的白沙城看到了它的真面目。

　　诸葛长青：孔子说，三人行必有我师。抛开国际战争的角度来看，西点军校，是一所值得我们学习的好榜样。我们中国人要汲取世界各国的优秀经验，强大我们的力量。

    本文参考资料：

   1、邹德浩著《从镜头看美国》

   2、杨立军著《西点军校的经典法则》

   3、肖悦编著《西点军校成功密码——精英是如何练成的》

   4、青丘编著《西点军校经典法则大全集》

   5、任育良著《西点军校的成功法则》

   6、百度百科等网络资料等。

What are the acts of abstaining from killing and releasing

 戒杀与放生的行为包括哪些

 1. Do not kill a living being with your own hands.

　　2. Do not abet others to kill.

　　3. Do not help others to kill.

　　4. Abstain from eating meat.

　　5. Do not engage in trades related to killing.

　　6、Whenever there is worship, regardless of what is being worshipped, use vegetarian dishes, flowers and fruit, not animal gifts.

　　7. If you see someone killing a human being, you should discourage them or buy the animal to be slaughtered with money and release it. If this does not work, or if the person does not sell the animal, then you should have compassion for the slaughtered animal, and even better if you can recite the Buddha's name or mantra for it.

　　8. Do not abuse the animal.

　　9、Other actions that are contrary to killing.

　　10. Abstain from killing and releasing animals yourself, and advise others to do the same. 

   1、不亲手杀生。

　　2、不教唆别人杀生。

　　3、不帮助别人杀生。

　　4、戒除肉食。

　　5、不从事与杀生有关的行业。

　　6、凡有祭拜，不管拜的是什么，一律用素菜、鲜花、水果，不用牲礼。

　　7、见人杀生，应加劝阻，或用钱将临宰之动物买而放之。若劝阻无效，或他不卖，则应对被杀之动物起同情心，若能为它念佛号或往生咒更好。

　　8、不虐待动物。

　　9、其他与杀生行为相反之行为。

　　10、自己戒杀放生，也劝别人戒杀放生。 

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

Click the article title to view

往期精选文章

点击文章标题查看

1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向