Research on Chinese ancient architecture art: Beijing Jinshui Bridge (picture)

中国古建筑艺术研究：北京金水桥（图）

Golden water bridge, oriental wisdom. The Chinese culture is extensive and profound, which is worthy of in-depth study and promotion.

----Zhuge Changqing

Chinese culture is extensive and profound. Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism are mysterious and unpredictable. The characters are like pearls, and the laws are like heavenly secrets.

I always feel incredible.

Zhuge Changqing believes that Chinese culture is like the vast sea, and every drop of water contains the brilliance of wisdom.

For example, architectural art, every building is like a mysterious palace with countless connotations.

The Forbidden City in Beijing is famous around the world, with many buildings and countless connotations.

Just a Jinshui Bridge has unlimited connotation.

We can experience these from the information provided by Baidu.

Jinshui Bridge is divided into Outer Jinshui Bridge and Inner Jinshui Bridge. Waijinshui Bridge. In front of Tiananmen Square, Taimiao Temple and Zhongshan Park. A total of 7, three-hole arch type, facing Tiananmen Square in the south and Tiananmen City Tower in the north.

The bridge railings are exquisitely carved and shaped like strips of jade belt, and together with the ancient Chinese watch and the magnificent stone lion, they form a magnificent view in front of the Tiananmen Gate.

Neijinshui Bridge is at the square in front of Taihe Gate. There are 5 single-hole arches in total. Beautiful in shape, set off against the magnificent Meridian Gate Tower and the magnificent Hall of Supreme Harmony, it is fascinating.

The river in front of the Tiananmen Gate is called the Waijinshui River. The bow-shaped artificial river in front of the Taihe Gate in the Meridian Gate is called the Neijinshui River. The five parallel stone bridges across the river are the Neijinshui Bridge. The Neijinshui River flows from the moat at the northwest corner of the Forbidden City into the Forbidden City. It flows in a zigzag way to the south, then to the east, and then to the south. It can be seen from time to time, either wide or narrow. It is connected with the moat outside the southeast corner of the Forbidden City, with a total length of more than 2000 meters.

Historical allusions

The most magnificent section of the river is in front of the Taihe Gate, which is both open and regular, and the decoration is also quite gorgeous. The bottom of the river and the bank are made of white stone, and the two sides of the river are equipped with white marble columns and balustrades.

Zhuge Changqing: The Jinshui Bridge and the great Forbidden City are integrated, showing the style of emperors and the charm of Chinese culture.

The main bridge that only the emperor can pass through: among the five inner golden water bridges, the middle bridge is the longest and the widest, which is the main bridge, and only the emperor can pass through; The four bridges on the left and right are for the royal princes and civil and military officials.

The Jinshui Bridge in front of the Tiananmen Gate was built in the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1690 AD). If someone observes carefully, it is not difficult to find that the jade railings on the seven bridges are all different.

Zhuge Changqing, these five bridges have special cultural meanings:

1. The middle bridge is "Yulu Bridge", which is only for the emperor and the emperor to walk. The bridge is the widest with carved dragon columns. When the imperial power ruled China, this bridge was called the "Royal Road Bridge", which was only for the emperor and the emperor to walk.

2. The two sides of the "Royal Road Bridge" are called "Wanggong Bridge", and only the royal princes are allowed to walk.

3. The "Wanggong Bridge" is called the "Grade Bridge", which allows ministers of civil and military affairs above grade three to walk.

Others: As for the "bridge of sentient beings" in front of the Tai Temple (now known as the People's Cultural Palace of Labor) and Zhongshan Park, officials below the fourth grade are allowed to walk.

History

The Jinshui Bridge is divided into internal and external Jinshui Bridge, which was built in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. Neijinshui Bridge is located on the Jinshui River in the square in front of the Taihe Gate in the Forbidden City. It is a series of five parallel single-arch marble bridges; The white marble bridge with three arches across the outer Jinshui River in front of the Tiananmen Gate is the Outer Jinshui Bridge, which was rebuilt in the 29th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1690).

The blueprint of the Golden Water Bridge is from the Zhou Bridge in the Imperial City of the Yuan Dynasty. The designer and chief builder of Zhou Bridge is an ordinary stonemason - Yang Qiong of Quyang, Hebei Province in the Yuan Dynasty. Quyang is rich in jade, and the stone carving technique has been famous since the Tang and Song Dynasties. Yang Qiong was born in a stone industry family. His stone carvings "come from new ideas, and the sky is skillful, and no one can match them". In 1276 AD, the Zhou Bridge in front of the Chongtian Gate in the Imperial City of the Yuan Dynasty was built. Many people drew pictures and sent them up, but none of them were selected.

Yang Qiong's design scheme made Kublai Khan, the Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, very satisfied and ordered to supervise the construction.

Zhuge Changqing: The design of the Jinshui Bridge originated from Kublai Khan in the Yuan Dynasty.

The Forbidden City records that this week's bridge "is carved with dragons and phoenixes and auspicious clouds, as bright as jade, and there are four hundred stone dragons under the bridge, holding the water; it is very strong", which adds a lot of color to the imperial city. Therefore, the builders of the Ming imperial city also moved it to build the golden water bridge.

Bridge structure

There are seven Waijinshui bridges in total. The five stone bridges in the middle with unique shape and exquisite carving correspond to the five door openings of the Tiananmen Gate Tower. The south of the bridge (including the bridge) is 62 meters from the city gate, and the distance between the bridge and the bridge is 5 meters. The bridge has a slight slope with an arch in the middle, and the bridge body is narrow in the middle and wide at both ends, It is in the shape of "] [". The varied and undulating lines, like the "rainbow of the Tiaoyu Bridge", add to the magnificence of Tiananmen. The seven bridges are different in terms of the objects of use. The one in the middle is the most broad and magnificent, with a length of 23.15 meters and a width of 8.55 meters, which is exclusively used by the emperor, and is called "Yulu Bridge". The bridge on the left and right of Yulu Bridge is 5.78 meters wide, called "Wanggong Bridge" It is used by royal princes; The bridge on the outside of Wanggong Bridge is narrow and 4.55 meters wide. It is called "Grade Bridge", which is taken by civil and military officials above Grade 3; The two bridges in front of the Taimiao Temple (the People's Cultural Palace of Labor) and the Altar of State (Zhongshan Park) are narrower than the grade bridge, and are called "Gongsheng Bridge", which is used by officials, soldiers and servants under the fourth grade. The two bridges that people now see are not the "Gongsheng Bridge" in the past. They were expanded after liberation, and the bridge body was widened to 11.8 meters. The architectural decoration of the bridge is also different. The white stone balustrades of the Yulu Bridge are carved with dragon-shaped columns on their capitals, and are lined with clouds. The other four white stone balustrades are carved with lotus balustrades. From the object of use, structure and decoration of the bridge, we can see how strict the hierarchy of feudal society was.

Jinshui Bridge is divided into Jinshui Bridge and Inner Jinshui Bridge, which contains the essence of Chinese culture.

1. Waijinshui Bridge is in front of Tiananmen Square, Taimiao Temple and Zhongshan Park. A total of 7, three-hole arch type. It faces Tiananmen Square in the south and Tiananmen Tower in the north. The bridge railings are exquisitely carved and shaped like strips of jade belt, and together with the ancient Chinese watch and the magnificent stone lion, they form a magnificent view in front of the Tiananmen Gate.

2. Neijinshui Bridge, in front of Taihe Gate Square, has 5 single-hole arches. Beautiful in shape, set off against the magnificent Meridian Gate Tower and the magnificent Hall of Supreme Harmony, it is fascinating.

Inside the Meridian Gate, in front of the Taihe Gate, is a large square with green tiles and floors. The southern part of the square meanders from west to east along an arc-shaped Jinshui River.

Five single-span stone bridges span the river side by side. This is the so-called "Neijin Water Bridge".

This is the largest, most spectacular and most beautiful group of stone bridges in the Forbidden City. The five bridges are also arranged in an arc along the curved Jinshui River. The specification of the bridge is the same as that of Waijinshui Bridge.

The middle one is Yulu Bridge. The bridge is 23.15 meters long and 6 meters wide. The white marble pillars are carved with dragons and auspicious clouds. This bridge is dedicated to the emperor. On the east and west sides of the Royal Road Bridge are Wanggong Bridge, which is 21 meters long and 5.4 meters wide, and is used by members of the royal family, princes and ministers. On the other side are grade bridges, 19.5 meters long and 4.8 meters wide, for officials above grade three to walk. The whole function is the same as the Waijinshui Bridge in front of Tiananmen Gate.

The Jinshui River passes under the Xihe Gate in the west of the square, enters the square, and exits under the Xihe Gate in the east. There is a single-arch bridge opening at the entrance and exit. There is also a bridge deck above, which can be passed, but only the side next to the square has guardrails and watchposts. It is equivalent to half a bridge. The structure is unique and ingenious, which is very coordinated with the hall gate and the north-south passage, and forms a harmonious and beautiful whole with the whole square. No matter from which angle or from far or near, the visual effect is excellent. The originality of this design is amazing.

References: 1. Baidu http://baike.baidu.com/view/21525.htm

2. Beijing Broadcasting Network.

Zhuge Changqing wishes all the people who are destined to respect their parents and do good deeds and accumulate virtue rich and auspicious!

Bless all the people in the world who are destined to meet their needs, the heavenly officials will bless them, the cause will take off, and the source of wealth will expand!

金水桥，东方智慧。中国文化博大精深，值得深入研究、弘扬光大。

---- 诸葛长青

   中国文化博大精深，佛家、儒家、道家等神秘莫测，字如珍珠，法如天机。

   每每感悟总是觉得不可思议。

   诸葛长青认为，中国文化犹如浩瀚的大海，每一滴水都包含着智慧的光辉。

   譬如建筑艺术，每一座建筑就好像神秘的宫殿，有无数的内涵。

   北京故宫闻名世界，建筑很多，更有无数的内涵。

   仅仅一个金水桥，就有无限的内涵。

   我们从百度提供的资料里，可以体会到这些。     

  金水桥分外金水桥和内金水桥。外金水桥。在天安门、太庙、中山公园前。共7座，三孔拱券式，南临天安门广场，北倚天安门城楼。

　　桥栏雕琢精美，形似条条玉带，与古朴的华表和雄伟的石狮构成天安门前巍峨壮丽的景色。

   内金水桥，在太和门前广场。共5座，单孔拱券式。造型秀美，同雄伟壮观的午门城楼和金碧辉煌的太和殿相映衬，引人入胜。 　　

    天安门前面的那条河叫外金水河，在午门内太和门前的弓型人工河道，叫内金水河，跨越河上的五座并列的石桥，是内金水桥。内金水河河水从紫禁城西北角护城河引进紫禁城内，曲曲弯弯地流向南，再向东，又再向南，时隐时现，或宽或窄，与紫禁城东南角外的护城河相通，全长达两千多米。

历史典故

　　最华丽的河段在太和门前，既开阔又规整，装饰也颇为华丽。河底与河帮均用白石砌成，两面河沿设有汉白玉石的望柱和栏板。

   诸葛长青：金水桥和伟大的故宫融为一体，展现了帝王风范和中国文化魅力。

   只有皇帝才能通过的主桥：五座内金水桥之中，居中的桥最长最宽，为主桥，只有皇帝才能通过；左右四座为宾桥，供宗室王公和文武百官通行。

   天安门前面的金水桥是清康熙二十九年(公元1690年)所建。假如有人细心观察一下，就不难发现七座桥上的玉石栏杆全都不尽相同。

    诸葛长青，这五座桥是有特殊文化含义的：

    1、中间的桥是：“御路桥”，只限皇帝天子行走。蟠龙雕花柱，桥面最宽，当皇权统治中国时期，此桥称为“御路桥”，只限皇帝天子行走。

     2、“御路桥”两旁的叫“王公桥”，只许宗室亲王行走。

     3、“王公桥”左右的叫“品级桥”，准许三品以上的文武大臣行走。

     其他：至于在太庙(现称劳动人民文化宫)和中山公园门前的称为“众生桥”，则准许四品以下的官员行走。

历史沿革

　　金水桥分为内外金水桥，建于明永乐年间。内金水桥位于故宫内太和门前广场内金水河上，系五座并列单孔拱券式汉白玉石桥；横亘在天安门前外金水河上的三孔拱券式汉白玉石桥为外金水桥，重建于清康熙二十九年（1690年）。　　

   金水桥的蓝本，出自元皇城的周桥。而周桥的设计师和主持建造者，是一位普通石匠—元代河北曲阳的杨琼。曲阳盛产玉石，石雕技艺唐宋以来已名闻于世。杨琼出身于石工世家，他的石雕“每出自新意，天巧层出，人莫能及焉”。公元1276年，修建元皇城崇天门前的周桥，很多人画了图送上去，都未选中。

     而杨琼的设计方案，使元世祖忽必烈十分满意，下令督建。

     诸葛长青：金水桥的设计，起源于元朝忽必烈。

    《故宫》中记有：这周桥“皆琢龙凤祥云，明莹如玉，桥下有四百石龙，擎戴水中；甚壮”，为皇城增色不少，因而明皇城的建造者，把它照样搬来，用以营造金水桥了。

桥体结构

　　外金水桥共计七座。中间五座造型别致、雕刻精美的石桥分别与天安门城楼的五个门洞相对应。桥南（包括桥）距城门洞62米，桥与桥之间距离5米。桥稍有坡度，中间出现拱面，而且桥身中间窄，两端宽，呈“][”型。这种变化多姿、起伏曲折的线条，似“蹑玉桥之长虹”，更增添了天安门的华丽。七座桥在建制使用对象上各有不同。正中的一座最为宽扩宏大，长23.15米，宽8.55米，为皇帝一人专用，称为“御路桥”；御路桥左右的桥宽5.78 米，叫“王公桥”，是宗室亲王们通行的；王公桥外侧的桥较窄，宽4.55米，叫“品级桥”，是三品以上的文武官员们走的；在太庙（劳动人民文化宫）和社稷坛（中山公园）门前的两座桥比品级桥还窄，叫“公生桥”，供四品以下官员、兵弁、夫役来往使用的。现在人们看到的这两座桥已不是昔日的“公生桥”，曾于解放后扩建，桥身加宽为11.8米。桥的建筑装饰也不一样。御路桥的白石栏杆柱头上雕刻的是蟠龙望柱，下衬云板，其余四座的白石栏杆上皆雕成荷花栏柱。从桥的使用对象、建制和装饰，可看出封建社会的等级制度是多么森严。　　

    金水桥分外金水桥和内金水桥，内含着中国文化的精华。

    1、外金水桥，在天安门、太庙、中山公园前。共7座，三孔拱券式。南临天安门广场，北倚天安门城楼。桥栏雕琢精美，形似条条玉带，与古朴的华表和雄伟的石狮构成天安门前巍峨壮丽的景色。　　

    2、内金水桥，在太和门前广场，共5座，单孔拱券式。造型秀美，同雄伟壮观的午门城楼和金碧辉煌的太和殿相映衬，引人入胜。

   午门之内，太和门前是青砖墁地的一个大广场。广场南部自西向东蜿蜒流淌着一条如弓形的金水河。

   河上并排横跨五座单孔石桥。这就是所谓的“内金水桥”。

   这是紫禁城内最大，也是最壮观，最华美的一组石桥。这五桥随着弯曲如弓的金水河河道也成弧形排列。桥的规格制式和外金水桥相同。

   正中的一座是御路桥。桥长23.15米，宽6米。汉白玉望柱上雕刻蟠龙祥云。此桥供皇帝专用。御路桥东西两侧为王公桥，长21米，宽5.4米，供皇室成员，亲王大臣通行。再两侧为品级桥，长19.5米，宽4.8米，供三品以上官员行走。整个功能和天安门前的外金水桥是一样的。

　　金水河由广场西边的熙和门底下穿过进入广场，从东边的协和门底下穿出。进口处和出口处都有一个单拱的桥洞。上面也有桥面，可以通行，但只有挨着广场的一侧有护栏和望柱。相当于半座桥梁。结构独特而巧妙，和殿门及南北通道十分协调，和整个广场构成一个和谐、美观的整体。无论从那个角度或远近观望，视觉效果极佳。这设计上的匠心独具，令人叹服。

   参考资料：1、百度http://baike.baidu.com/view/21525.htm

               2、北京广播网。

诸葛长青祝福天下孝敬父母、行善积德的有缘者富贵吉祥！

   祝福天下有缘者有求必应、天官赐福、事业腾飞、财源广进！

（本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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