Cool National Teacher: an example of practicing and spreading Buddhism

清凉国师：精进修行传播佛法的榜样

amitabha. Buddhist wisdom is one of the wisdom of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which needs to be spread and carried forward from time to time.

-----Zhuge Changqing

Nanwu Master Sakyamuni Buddha. Namo Amitabha. Nanwuliang Weide is free and bright.

Nanwudi Tibetan King Bodhisattva. Nanwukong hides Bodhisattva. Nanwu Guanyin Bodhisattva. Nanwu Vajra Hand Bodhisattva.

Blessed life is limitless. Yuanshi Tianzun. Lingbao senior. The moral supremacy. Taiyi saved the bitter god.

Lord Lao Zi. Confucius, the sage.

Buddhist wisdom is one of the wisdom of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.

If you get Buddhist wisdom in life, you will make a great leap in life.

Since ancient times, many eminent monks, such as great virtues, family members, monks and nuns, and good knowledge, have quietly spread Chinese Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, leaving untold intellectual wealth for mankind.

One of them is the coolness master of the Tang Dynasty.

Master Qingliang, the fourth ancestor of Huayan Sect; It is known as the coolness national teacher and Huayan Shuzhu.

The master of Qingliang, also known as Master Chengguan, spoke to Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty. After listening to the Dharma, the emperor praised and said, "The Dharma Master spoke, which made me feel cool all over.". Therefore, it was named "Qingliang Guoshi". Zhuge Changqing believed that it was amazing that the coolness and coolness of the traditional Chinese teacher practiced and spread Buddhism.

We will be deeply moved if we carefully look at the self-rule set by the Qingliang National Master.

In order to wake themselves up, the Qingliang Guoshi formulated ten principles in his practice. When we reflect against these standards, we will spontaneously have a sense of respect and courage.

First, do not donate the form of Shaman; Second, the mind does not violate the system of the Tathagata;

Third, do not recite the sutras of Dharma; Fourth, sex does not interfere with the situation;

Fifth, don't walk in the dust of the Nirvana Temple; Sixth, don't touch the couch of the hermit;

Seventh, the eye should not look at the color of non-ceremony; Eighth, the tongue does not taste the lunch food;

Ninth, the hand does not release the pearl of brightness; Tenth, stay on the side of your bowl.

Qingliang Guoshi, (737-838), is named Chengguan, and its nickname is Daxiu. Qingliang is its title.

Master Chengguan is a highly respected, knowledgeable and versatile eminent monk and old man. He was born in the 26th year of the Kaiyuan reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (738) and died in the 4th year of the Kaiyuan reign of Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty (839). He was 102 years old. He lived through nine dynasties of the Tang Dynasty, including Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong, Dezong, Shunzong, Xianzong, Muzong, Jingzong and Wenzong. These nine emperors respected Buddhism, protected Buddhism, and used Buddhism to serve their rule. For the Buddhism of Mount Wutai, they said, "When you build a temple to be a monk, you should only be afraid" (Volume V of Qingliang Annals). This is because, militarily, Mount Wutai is an important strategic location; In religion, Mount Wutai is a center of Manjusri belief. Therefore, the feudal dynasties of all dynasties regarded it as a national ashram to maintain social stability and unity. Wutai Mountain is also a treasure land with outstanding people and eminent monks. The National Master Chengguan was a Kyauk in the Buddhism of Mount Wutai in the Tang Dynasty. When he was recommended by a Zen master in the Faqin State as his master in the third year of the Dali period (768) after Dai Zong, the Emperor of Dai Zong ordered him to enter the palace and translate scriptures with the master of Tantrism Bukong Sanzang at Daxingshan Temple in Chang'an, and appointed him as Runwen Dade. One day, Emperor Daizong asked him about the gist of the Buddhist sutra. He answered it in an orderly and interesting way, which made the emperor suddenly understand it. So he was respected by Emperor Daizong, and was rewarded with great courtesy. In the sixth year of the Dali calendar (771), the translation of the scriptures was completed, and the translation of the scriptures was carried out, totaling 77 parts and 120 volumes. At the age of 34, Chengguan became the emperor's teacher. Since then, his popularity has increased day by day, opening the precedent of his association with the seven emperors of the Tang Dynasty.

Qingliang Guoshi, the common surname of Xia Hou, is from Kuaiji in Yuezhou. He is nine feet and four inches long, his hands are over his knees, his teeth are forty, his voice is like a flood of bells, his eyes are shining at night, and he can remember as many as ten thousand words every day. The person who knows him knows that he is not an ordinary person at the sight of him. Teachers and students were born in the 26th year of the founding of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. When I was a child, I liked to gather sand as a tower. At the age of nine, Li Baolin Monastery Shizhen is the teacher, and he can pass through the three Tibetans in less than one year. Tianbao was seven years old and eleven years old. He shaved his hair and became a monk. He was wearing a cassock, and then he sat down to lecture on Prajna Sutra. In the second year of Zhide's reign, Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty received the concrete precepts and the Bodhisattva precepts according to Chang Zhao. The teacher is handsome and elegant, open-minded, and has a good command of everything. Since becoming a monk, he has traveled through famous mountains and visited famous teachers. Every famous Taoist temple in the world has its footprints of seeking Dharma and understanding.

Qingliang Guoshi has successively studied the major sects of the Law School, Huayan, Tiantai, Sanlun, and Zen, and has studied such major classics as the Qixin Theory, the Weimo Sutra, the Huayan Sutra, and the Nirvana Sutra. In the 11th year of the Gregorian calendar, he sat in Wutai Mountain and publicized Huayan. He lamented that Huayan was old and sparse, and the words were simple and not easy to understand. He wrote 20 volumes of the Tang Hua Yan Classic, and then translated 40 Hua Yan with Prajna Sanzang under the edict of Dezong. During the rehearsal, the pool in front of the hall was planted with five acacia lotuses, each with three sections. Those who saw it were amazed by it, and wrote more than 20 books, such as "Eighty Huayan Shuyi Notes", and more than 400 volumes.

On the birthday of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, he invited his teacher to give a lecture in the inner hall. The teacher used the magic method to cool the emperor's heart, so he was awarded the title "Cool National Teacher". And Xianzong's intention to ask the Dharma Circle was suddenly obtained, and it was added with the name "Da Tong Qing Liang Guoshi". The teacher experienced nine dynasties and was the teacher of seven emperors. He was successively associated with Dezong, Daizong, Shunzong, Xianzong, Muzong, Jingzong and Wenzong. The awards include "Professor Monk", "Zhenguo Master", "Monk Record of the World", "Monk Tong", "Qingliang National Teacher", etc., which can be said to be the honor and favor of being prepared. He also studied the Six Classics, various schools of thought, exegesis, chapters and sentences, as well as various kinds of knowledge in India, including linguistics, technology, medicine, logic, religion, and even the forbidden mantra ritual. Many teachers are versatile, which can be said to be learned. The top wisdom comes from nature. The teacher has preached Huayan more than 50 times, and the invidious assembly has been set up 15 times.

On March 6, the third year after the founding of the Wenzong School, the disciples were called up and said in the testament, "We should win the trust from the Buddha, but not from others. The true world is mysterious and subtle, which can not be revealed by words. We should understand it by body and mind, and show it clearly. If we are not aware of the situation and do not move when meeting the fate, we will not disappoint me!" After that, we sat down and passed away. Shishou is 102 years old and has a thousand disciples. Only Haiyan, Jingguang, Monk Rui, Zongmi and other four sages get their essence.

Qingliang Guoshi Pagoda is located in the Huayan Temple in the former Banpo of Shaoling, southeast of Weiqu, Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province. It was built in the 19th year of Zhenyuan, Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty (803 A.D.). It is the tomb tower of Qingliang, the fourth ancestor of Huayan Sect. Solid, brick structure, plane hexagon, five floors, 7 meters high, wood-like structure, pavilion-style. On the second floor of the tower, there is a stone inscription "The tower of Miao Jue, the coolness of the Tang Dynasty". The tower body has tilted to the north. In front of the tower, there is the Memorial Stele of Rebuilding the Qingliang Guoshi Tower of the Fourth Patriarch of Huayan, which records the life story of the Qingliang Guoshi. The inscription is written by Song Bolu and Song Liankui in the late Qing Dynasty. This tomb tower has a long history and has important reference value for the study of ancient pagodas.

The Qingliang Guoshi Pagoda is a 13-storey solid brick tower with dense eaves at eight corners (a tall tower with multiple layers of dense eaves is called "the tower with dense eaves"). It is nearly 60 meters high and consists of three parts: the tower base, the tower body and the tower brake. It is beautiful and dignified, and it is antique. The base of the tower is divided into two layers, the lower layer is a three-layer platform inlaid with stones at the corners, and the upper layer is a double-layer Xumizuo, carved with a beautiful lotus pedestal. The upper part of Xumizuo is carved with ancient musical instruments such as sheng, xiao, qin, and se.

There are brick arched doors and semicircular carved windows on all sides of the tower. The plaque on the arch door is: "Yong'an Longevity Tower" in the south, "Sedative Emperor Map" in the east, "Zhenci Hongfan" in the north, and "Splendid Sun and Moon" in the west. There are 24 niches on each floor, and 312 bronze Buddhas were originally worshipped. On both sides of the doors and windows are statues of Vajra. In ancient times, bells were hung on the eaves of temples to ward off evil spirits. More than 3000 wind chimes were originally hung on the eaves of the Qingliang Guoshi Pagoda. Standing under the tower, listen carefully. Due to the changes in the strength, length and direction of the wind, the bell also changes subtly. It is crisp and pleasant, as if playing a colorful symphony. At the top of the cool Guoshi Pagoda is the golden lotus bead pagoda. Looking up at the Linglong Tower from the bottom to the top, the dense eaves slowly rise layer by layer, and the brick arches under the eaves support layer by layer until the top of the tower. The body of the tower is stable and beautiful, and it is covered but not exposed. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the pagoda of Cishou Temple was meticulously repaired, so that the pagoda can stand today.

Qingliang, a national master, became a monk at the age of 11 according to the Pei Zen master of Baolin Temple, and widely participated in various religious doctrines such as law, Zen, Sanlun, Tiantai, Huayan, etc; In the 12th year of Zhenyuan (796 A.D.), he entered Chang'an at the request of Emperor Dezong, and helped to translate the Huayan Sutra contributed by King Uta into Sanskrit, a total of 40 volumes, known as the "Forty Huayan"; He was also ordered to write ten volumes of Zhenyuan's newly translated Huayan Classic at the Caotang Temple in Zhongnan Mountain.

Master Qingliang Chengguan, who has lived for more than a century, lived in nine dynasties and lectured for the seven emperors successively. At that time, his status was very respected, which was unparalleled in history. Its disciples, Zongmi, Monk Rui, Fayin and Jingguang, are called the four sages under the sect, and those who inherit the legal system are called Zongmi. The teacher's main contribution to Huayan is to record the words of Huayan teachers and to glorify Huayan Sect. The Huayan Sutra has been spoken for 50 times, with more than 400 volumes including Huayan Sutra, which seems to be an important part of China's Buddhist treasure.

According to historical records, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was born in the 26th year of the founding of the People's Republic of China. When I was young, I liked to gather sand to build pagodas for play. As an adult, I was nine feet and four inches long, my hands were over my knees, and my mouth was like forty teeth of a Buddha.

When Master Chengguan was young, he made ten vows (later known as "Ten Wishes for Cool") and encouraged himself throughout his life. These ten vows are: body does not damage the table of Shaman, heart does not violate the system of Tathagata, sitting does not recite the scriptures of Dharma, sex does not dye the realm of love, foot does not walk the dust of the Buddhist temple, threatening does not touch the couch of a monk, eyes do not look at the color of non-ceremony, tongue does not taste the food of noon, hands do not release the pearl of roundness, and stay on the side of the bowl.

Master Chengguan lived in nine dynasties, lectured for the seventh emperor (Daizong, Dezong, Shunzong, Xianzong, Muzong, Jingzong, Wenzong), and was awarded as a national teacher. On March 6, the fourth year of the founding of the Emperor Wenzong, Master Chengguan predicted that when he arrived, he would summon his disciples, such as Hai Hai and others, and after the order, he would be dead, with a life span of 102 monks, who lived on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. Wenzong worshipped his teacher as the holy place of the ancestors of the former emperor. On the third day of the strike, he paid tribute to the important minister, Zhao Su, and the whole country mourned.

Legend of the Qingliang National Master: After the death of the Qingliang National Master, a monk in India, who was certified as Luohanguo, came to the Sinian (China) to promote Buddhism and continue the wisdom of Buddha. Passing through Congling (Pamir Plateau), he suddenly saw two children passing by in the air. The monk used his magic power to stop the two children from moving forward. He asked where they were going? Why? The second child replied, 'We will invite the tooth of Huayan Bodhisattva to be offered at Manjusri Hall in India.' The monk asked, 'Who is the incarnation of Huayan Bodhisattva?' The second child replied, 'Master Cheng Guan.' After that, the two children flew away. The Arhat came to Chang'an (the capital of the Tang Dynasty) and announced the news that the emperor of the Ming Dynasty allowed to open the coffin of the national master Chengguan, and found that two front teeth were missing. From this, we know that Master Chengguan is the incarnation of Huayan Bodhisattva, who is willing to enlighten all living beings. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan, Han Yu also wrote the poem "Send Chengguan", which said that although Chengguan is a monk, it is not available for public officials to use it today. "He praised his talent and learning. According to historical records, Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty dropped out of the court for three days after the death of Chengguan, and wrote the "Praise of the coolness of the Fourth Patriarch of Huayan", praising Chengguan for "teaching the integration of the sea and the mountains, and the grace of the universe. The Prime Minister's second neglect, and promotion of the faint". Prime Minister Pei Xiu and other "important ministers," and for Chengguan tree monument. Zhuge Changqing: Amitabha. Master Chengguan is the example of Buddha and Bodhisattva to practice and spread Buddhism.

It is true that Pei Xiu wrote the inscription: "The moon is cool and cool, and the silence shines on the Dharma world, and the Shaman image is hidden in the world." And he lived in nine dynasties, was the master of the Seven Emperors, and was repeatedly given the imperial edicts, which can be regarded as a great honor and favor. However, Master Chengguan kept his practice according to his original wish, and his indifferent ambition was admirable. Later, the Buddha was honored as the fourth ancestor of Huayan Sect.

Zhuge Changqing saw that when he read the Master Xuanhua's explanation of the "Dafang Guangfo Huayan Sutra", the Master Xuanhua specially told the story of the Qingliang National Master (Master Chengguan). The master of Xuanhua said that the master of Chengguan, who tabooed Chengguan, was a Xiahou family member of Kuaiji in the Tang Dynasty. The magician is nine feet tall and nine feet tall. His eyes have double pupils. The double pupils are two eyes. In the daytime, he looks bad, just like ordinary people; But when I saw his eyes at night, there was a kind of light. His hands are over the knee, and his hands are over the knee. They are very long. You should notice that anyone with hands longer than knees is in charge of the noble. This is a strange appearance.

So he has 40 teeth, and we ordinary people have 32, 34, or 36, or 38 teeth. The Buddha has forty teeth, so the Chengguan mage also has forty teeth. He reads very fast, and has seven lines. He can read seven lines in one line of time. This wizard is extremely smart.

Why is he the Huayan Bodhisattva? He wrote a book called Huayan Shuqian, which focuses on Huayan Classic. After his death, at the junction of China and India, an Arhat saw two very young Bodhisattvas walking in the void. This Arhat has magic power, so he used his magic power to make the two young bodhisattvas in blue unable to leave. He asked them, "Who are you? What are you going to do in China?" The two said, "We are the God of Manjusri Hall in North India. Go to Mount Wutai in China to invite the teeth of Huayan Bodhisattva and go back to our country to feed." The Arhat listened and said, "Oh, yes, then you can go."

After the two boys in blue left, the Arhat also went to Mount Wutai and told the ordinary people what he saw. At this time, people opened the coffin of the coolness master and saw that he had no teeth. These two teeth were invited by two young Bodhisattvas to provide for them. So in Buddhism, most people know that the Chengguan Master is the embodiment of Huayan Bodhisattva.

The Great Bodhisattva of Qingliang is incredible. His realm is incredible. He lived nine emperors and became the national teacher of seven emperors. Why can he do this? Because his practice is serious, and he is not careless at all. He is not like ordinary people. He says that he is practicing, but he does not practice, and his words are not true. After he received the full precepts of becoming a monk, he encouraged himself with "ten things" and ten things.

These ten things are very important. Every monk should know these ten things. Now I'll read it to you:

First, do not donate the form of Shaman;

Second, the mind does not violate the system of the Tathagata;

Third, do not recite the sutras of Dharma;

Fourth, sex does not interfere with the situation;

Fifth, don't walk in the dust of the Nirvana Temple;

Sixth, don't touch the couch of the hermit;

Seventh, the eye should not look at the color of non-ceremony;

Eighth, the tongue does not taste the lunch food;

Ninth, the hand does not release the pearl of brightness;

Tenth, stay on the side of your bowl.

Let me give you a brief explanation of these ten:

First, the body does not contribute to Shaman's watch: his body is always dressed in robes and drapes, and is very serious, like a monk; The watch is like this.

Second, the mind does not violate the system of the Tathagata: his mind must abide by the rules of the Buddha and never violate them; Follow all the precepts of Buddha.

Third, you can't recite the Sutra of Dharma: the Huayan Sutra is called the Sutra of Dharma. Back is not against. Where there is the Huayan Sutra, he must sit in front of the Huayan Sutra, not with the Huayan Sutra on his back, and not with the spine facing the classic. Listen to me, people's wish, not to mention the Buddha, but also the sutras. He will not sit behind the sutras.

Fourth, sex does not interfere with the situation of love: love is love; Obstacles are obstacles, not love. For the situation, there are obstacles to this state, he does not dye. Don't dye, just don't live here.

Fifth, don't walk in the dust of Nirvana Temple: This wish seems unfair, and the nun is very unhappy, but he still makes the wish as usual. Say what? He said that his feet did not step on the soil at the entrance of the monastery; Not only did he not walk into the temple, but also he did not step on the dust at the door. A nun is a nun. A nunnery is a nunnery that only lives in a temple with a nun. He didn't even step on the dust at the door. What does that mean? That is, he doesn't go to the temple of the Picchu. So he never went to the temple of a nun in his life, so many nuns didn't go to get close to him: "Forget it, we won't go." Think about it, If you Westerners would say, "Oh, this is insane. What's the meaning of this? What's wrong with walking to the temple of the Pichoni? I run 100 times a day, and I think there's nothing wrong with it. The coolness master is too cool, too cold, and has no enthusiasm at all", right? Because he is too cool, he has no emotion, no emotion, so he can make this cool wish.

Sixth, don't touch the bed of the householder: don't talk about living in the place of the family. He doesn't even touch the bed where the householder sleeps. Touch means no touch, no touch. Do you think you have enough qualifications? How are you? Ha!

Seventh, the eye does not look at the color of non-ceremony: non-ceremony, that is, it is not in line with prestige, and it is not in line with etiquette. It seems that the actor, or the dancer, or the singer, or the monster, or the monster, is bouncing around in the street, which he doesn't watch.

Eighth, the tongue doesn't taste the food after noon: After noon, don't say to eat, even taste what it tastes like, he won't taste it. He won't say, "What's the taste of this thing? I'll try it a little". He won't even try it, let alone eat it. Look at what other eminent monks do. How easy is it to become a monk? Don't be a monk if you can't put it down!

Food is the food to eat; Food is everything you eat, including fruit and everything else. He doesn't even eat a single fruit. So it is very strict to practice precepts. Someone said, "Master allowed us to eat an apple, or an orange, or some kind of fruit in the evening, which is allowed!" Yes, because you can't do it, so you can barely open such a convenient method, which is OK. At that time, if you really want to practice and become a monk, you can't even eat fruit, or even drink milk and other milk. If you are hungry, you can also drink some milk, and don't eat secretly, do you hear? Follow the teachings and don't listen without paying attention.

Ninth, he never releases the orb of perfection: he always holds the rosary in his hand and keeps chanting "Nanwu Amitabha, Nanwu Amitabha...".

Tenth, stay on the side of the bowl: He always puts his bowl aside to protect his bowl.

So the coolness national teacher encouraged himself with these ten things every day, and no master taught him. No master said, "You should hold the noon! Don't sit behind your back." No! It was all his own conditions, not his master's teaching, so he could "live through nine dynasties and be the teacher of seven emperors". He had experienced nine emperors, and seven emperors worshipped him as their master.

Who are these nine emperors? It belongs to the Tang Dynasty, (I) Tang Xuanzong, (II) Tang Suzong, (III) Tang Dezong, (IV) Tang Shunzong, (VI) Tang Xianzong, (VII) Tang Muzong, (VIII) Tang Jingzong, (IX) Tang Wenzong. After Dai Zong, they all worshipped this cool and cool national teacher as their national teacher.

In April of the 14th year of the reign of the Emperor Zhenyuan of the Tang Dynasty, on the birthday of the Emperor, he lived in the "Grand Huayan Temple" in Mount Wutai at that time. Emperor Dezong ordered him to enter the hall and announce the purpose of "Huayan". The emperor was greatly pleased by the dragon's heart and said, "What a wonderful story!" So he gave Zina a square robe and the gift was "Professor Monk"; Yan other is the professor and monk of the emperor, who often talks to the emperor.

Why is he called "Qingliang Guoshi"? In April of the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan, on the emperor's birthday, the emperor again ordered professors and monks to enter the inner hall and publicize the "Huayan" Sutra. He told the emperor, and after hearing this, the emperor said, "You really gave me cool and refreshing! Now it's really good! You really got comfortable cool and refreshing." So he gave "cool and refreshing" the title of the national teacher, and said, "In the future, Master Chengguan will be called the" cool and refreshing national teacher "instead of his name." Later generations will also call "Wutai Mountain" the "cool and refreshing mountain".

You see, he passed through nine emperors alone, and seven emperors worshipped him as their master. If he had no morality, how could he have such a feeling? (This article refers to the Buddhist materials of Qingliang Guoshi.)

阿弥陀佛。佛教智慧学儒释道智慧之一，需要时时传播弘扬。

----- 诸葛长青

   南无本师释迦牟尼佛。南无阿弥陀佛。南无无量威德自在光明如来。

  南无地藏王菩萨。南无虚空藏菩萨。南无观世音菩萨。南无金刚手菩萨。

  福生无量天尊。元始天尊。灵宝天尊。道德天尊。太乙救苦天尊。

  太上老君。圣人孔子。

  佛教智慧，是儒释道国学智慧之一。

  人生得到佛学智慧，必会人生大飞跃。

  自古以来，很多高僧大德、在家人、出家人、善知识，默默传播国学儒释道，为人类留下无量智慧财富。

  唐朝清凉国师就是其中一位。

  清凉大师，华严宗四祖；世称清凉国师、华严疏主。

  清凉国师，本名澄观法师，因为给唐朝唐德宗帝王讲法，帝王听法之后赞叹说：法师讲法，让我感到浑身清凉。因而赐名为“清凉国师”。诸葛长青认为，清凉国师精进修行、传播佛法，令人赞叹。

    我们仔细看看清凉国师给自己定下的自我准则，就会被深深感动。

  清凉国师修行中，为了警醒自己，制定了十条准则。对照这些标准，我们进行反思，就会自发产生一种敬仰之心和勇猛精进心。

   第一、体不捐沙门之表；第二、心不违如来之制；

  第三、坐不背法界之经；第四、性不染情碍之境；

  第五、足不履尼寺之尘；第六、身不触居士之榻；

  第七、目不视非仪之彩；第八、舌不味过午之肴；

  第九、手不释圆明之珠；第十、宿不离衣钵之侧。

    清凉国师，(737—838)，名澄观，别号大休，清凉为其封号。

    澄观国师是一位德高望重、博学多能的高僧、老寿星。他生于唐玄宗开元二十六年（738），卒于唐文宗开成四年（839），享年一百零二岁。其生经历了唐代的玄宗、肃宗、代宗、德宗、顺宗、宪宗、穆宗、敬宗和文宗等九个朝代。这九代皇帝都不同程度地尊崇佛教、护持佛教、利用佛教为其统治服务。而他们对于五台山的佛教，则是“尤当建寺度僧，切宜祗畏”（《清凉山志》卷五）。这是因为，在军事上，五台山是一处重要的战略要地；在宗教上，五台山是一个文殊信仰中心。所以，历代封建王朝都把它看作一个维护社会安定团结的镇国道场。而五台山又是一个地灵人杰、高僧辈出的宝地。澄观国师就是唐代五台山佛教中的一位皎皎者。当他早在恩师法钦国一禅师荐他于代宗之后的大历三年（768）时，代宗皇帝就诏他入宫，与密宗大师不空三藏于长安大兴善寺译经，任命他为润文大德。一天，代宗皇帝问他佛经大旨，他答得井然有序，津津有味，使帝言下顿悟，遂受到代宗皇帝的尊重，事以师礼，赏赐弥厚。大历六年（771），译经完毕，进上所译经论，共计七十七部一百二十卷。是年，澄观国师34 岁，即当上了皇帝的老师。从此，他的声望日增，开了他与唐代七帝结缘的先河。 
     清凉国师，俗姓夏侯，越州会稽人。身长九尺四寸，双手过膝，齿有四十，声如洪钟，目光夜发，每日能记上万言之多，识者一见即知其非为常人。师生于唐玄宗开元二十六年，诞生之日，光明满堂。孩提时，喜聚沙为塔。九岁，礼宝林寺体真和尚为师，不到一年就能通三藏。天宝七年，十一岁，剃发出家，甫着袈裟，便登座讲演般若等经。唐肃宗至德二年受具足戒，又依常照禅师受菩萨戒。师为人俊朗高逸，豁达大度，学无不窥，法无不习。自出家后，遂遍历名山，寻访名师。凡天下有名的道场，无不有其求法参玄的足迹。

  清凉国师先后参究律宗、华严、天台、三论、禅宗各大宗派，并研究《起信论》、《维摩经》、《华严经》、《涅槃经》等大经论。大历十一年，坐镇五台山，宣扬华严，因慨叹华严旧疏，文繁义富而辞句简约，不易理解。乃作《唐译华严经疏》二十卷，后又奉德宗诏与般若三藏译出《四十华严》，且作疏十卷。作疏时，堂前池生五枝合欢莲花，一花皆有三节，见者咸为之叹服，并作《八十华严疏演义钞》等著作二十馀部四百馀卷。

  唐德宗诞辰，请师讲经于内殿，师以妙法清凉帝心，遂赐号“清凉国师”。及宪宗问法界之旨豁然有得，加号“大统清凉国师”。师身历九朝，为七帝师，先后与德宗、代宗、顺宗、宪宗、穆宗、敬宗、文宗。所受赐封有“教授和尚”、“镇国大师”、“天下僧录”、“僧统”、“清凉国师”等，可谓之备即荣宠。师并且研习六经，诸子百家、训诂、章句，及印度的各种学问，凡举语言学、工艺学、医药学、逻辑学、宗教学以至禁咒仪轨，无不详究，能融贯通达。师多能博才，可说是好学而成，其上上之智，得自天然。师先后宣讲华严五十多遍，无遮大会十五设。

  文宗开成三年，三月六日，召众弟子，说遗嘱曰：“当取信于佛，无取信于人。真界玄微，非言说所能显。要以身心体解，朗然现前。对境无心，逢缘不动，则不辜负我矣！”言毕，趺坐而逝。世寿一百零二岁，弟子一千人，惟海严、寂光、僧睿、宗密等四贤得其心髓。

     清凉国师塔位于陕西省长安县韦曲东南少陵原半坡华严寺内。建于唐德宗贞元十九年（公元803 清凉国师塔年）。系华严宗四祖清凉国师的墓塔。实心，砖结构，平面六角形，五层，高7米，仿木结构楼阁式。塔的第二层有石刻“大唐清凉国师妙觉之塔”十字。该塔身已向北倾斜，塔前竖有《重修华严四祖清凉国师塔记碑》，上面记述了清凉国师的生平事迹，碑文为清末宋伯鲁和宋联奎书写。此墓塔历史久远，对古塔研究有重要参考价值。
    清凉国师塔为八角13层密檐实心砖塔（在一个高大的塔身上有多层密檐，称为“密檐塔”），高近60米，由塔基、塔身、塔刹三部分组成，秀美端庄，古色古香。塔基分上下两层，下层为边角镶石的三层平台，上层是双层须弥座，雕有精美的莲花座台。须弥座上部雕刻有笙、箫、琴、瑟等古代乐器。

   塔身四面有砖雕的拱券门和半圆形雕窗。拱券门上的匾额分别是：南面“永安万寿塔”，东面“镇静皇图”，北面“真慈洪范”，西面“辉腾日月”。每层有佛龛24个，原供奉铜佛312尊。门窗两侧塑有金刚力士像。在古代，把铃铛挂在寺庙的屋檐上主要是为了驱邪。清凉国师塔檐角原挂有风铃3000多枚，站在塔下仔细聆听，由于风的强弱、长短、方向的变化，铃声也随之产生微妙的变化，清脆悦耳，仿佛在演奏一场多姿多彩的交响乐。清凉国师塔塔顶为镏金莲珠塔刹。由下至上仰望玲珑塔，密檐逐层缓缓上收，檐下砖雕的斗拱层层支护，直到塔顶。塔身稳固美观，遮而不露。清乾隆皇帝在位时曾对慈寿寺塔进行过精心的修缮，以至宝塔可以矗立至今。

    清凉国师，十一岁依宝林寺霈禅师出家，一生广泛参学律、禅、三论、天台、华严等各宗教义；贞元十二年（公元七九六年）应德宗之诏入长安，协助罽[jì]宾般若法师翻译乌荼国王贡献之《华严经》后分梵本，共四十卷，世称《四十华严》；又奉诏于终南山草堂寺撰成《贞元新译华严经疏》十卷。

  世寿达一世纪余的清凉澄观大师，身历九朝，先后为七帝讲经，当时地位颇受尊崇，可谓历史上绝无仅有。其弟子宗密、僧叡、法印、寂光称为门下四哲，继承法统者为宗密。师对华严的主要贡献是记述华严诸师之言说，光大华严宗。讲说《华严经》达五十遍，著作有《华严经疏》等书四百余卷，俨然为中国佛学宝藏中重要的一环。

  据史书载：唐玄宗开元二十六年诞生，生时光明满室，照彻邻坊。稚龄时，即喜聚沙建塔为戏，及至成人，身长九尺四寸，双手过膝，口竟有如佛相之四十齿。

  澄观大师年少时，就发下十誓弘愿（后称“清凉十愿”），一生以此自励。此十愿为：体不损沙门之表，心不违如来之制，坐不背法界之经，性不染情爱之境，足不履尼寺之尘，胁不触居士之榻，目不视非仪之彩，舌不味过午之肴，手不释圆明之珠，宿不离衣钵之侧。

  澄观大师身历九朝，先后为七世皇帝（代宗、德宗、顺宗、宪宗、穆宗、敬宗、文宗）讲经，累封为国师。文宗开成四年三月六日，澄观大师预知时至，召集弟子海岸等人，咐嘱后便跏趺而寂，世寿一百零二僧腊八十三。文宗以师为先帝祖圣所崇仰，特罢朝三日，重臣缟素，举国哀悼。

  清凉国师传奇故事：清凉国师圆寂之后，印度有位证得罗汉果的僧人，来震旦（中国）弘扬佛法，续佛慧命，路过葱岭（帕米尔高原）的地方，忽见有两个童子，凌空而过，这位僧人用神通制住二童子前进，乃问他们前往哪处？所为何事？二童答：‘我们到震旦请华严菩萨的齿，拟在印度文殊堂供养。’僧人又问：‘何人是华严菩萨的化身？’二童答：‘澄观国师。’言毕，二童凌空而去。这位罗汉来到长安（唐朝的国都），将此消息宣布，奏明皇帝，准许开澄观国师的棺，果然发现门牙少了二颗。由此大家才知澄观法师是华严菩萨的化身，乘愿而来教化众生。贞元十六年韩愈还曾作《送澄观》诗：“皆言澄观虽僧徒，公才吏用当今无。”称赞他的才学。而史记载：唐文宗为澄观之死辍朝三日，并撰《华严四祖清凉国师像赞》，称赞澄观“教融海岳，恩廓乾坤。首相二疏，拔擢幽昏”。宰相裴休等“重臣缟素，”并为澄观树碑。诸葛长青：阿弥陀佛。澄观大师是佛菩萨再来，给人间精进修行、传播佛法的榜样。

  诚如裴休相国所撰碑铭：“宝月清凉，寂照法界，以沙门相，藏世间解。”而其身历九朝，为七帝门师，屡受敕号，可谓备极荣宠，然而澄观大师却依本愿信守修行，其淡泊之志，令人感佩，后世尊奉为华严宗四祖。

  诸葛长青在拜读宣化上人讲解《大方广佛华严经》时看到，宣化上人特意讲述了清凉国师（澄观法师）的故事。宣化上人讲述说：澄观法师，讳澄观，字大休，唐朝越州会稽夏侯氏人。这位法师身高九尺，有九尺那么高，眼睛呢，有重瞳，重瞳就是两个眼仁──眼睛的这个仁，眼珠子。白天看着他不怎么样，和普通人是一样；但是晚间看见他这个眼睛就有一种光明射出来。他双手过膝，两只手超过这膝盖，很长的。你们注意一下，凡是两手长过膝盖的人，都主于大贵的，这是一种奇特的相。

  那么他有四十颗牙，我们普通的人都是有三十二、三十四颗，或者三十六，或者三十八颗牙齿。佛有四十颗牙齿，那么这位澄观法师也是有四十个牙齿。他读书读得非常快，七行俱下，他这么一看哪，你看一行的时间，他就可以看七行，这位法师聪明到绝顶。

  为什么说他是华严菩萨呢？他著作一部《华严疏钞》，专讲《华严经》。等到他圆寂之后，在中国和印度的交界处，有一位阿罗汉，见到有两个很年轻的菩萨，在虚空里头走。这位阿罗汉有神通，他就用神通令这两位青衣的童子，也就是这两位年轻的菩萨，不能走了，问他们：“你们是谁？到中国做什么去啊？”这两位说： “我们是北印度文殊堂神，到中国五台山去请华严菩萨的牙齿，回到我们的国土去供养。”这位阿罗汉一听，说：“哦，是这样，那你们可以去了。”

  两位青衣童子走了之后，这位罗汉以后也到五台山去，就对着一般人说他见到怎么样的一个境界。这时人们就把清凉国师的棺木打开来，一看，果然他两颗牙齿没有了。这两颗牙齿就是被两位年轻菩萨请去供养了。所以在佛教里，一般人都知道这位澄观法师，是华严菩萨的化身。

  清凉国师这一位大菩萨，真是不可思议，他的境界不可思议。他生历九个皇帝，做七个皇帝的国师。为什么他能这样呢？因为他修行是认真修行，丝毫也不马虎的，不是像一般人，口说修行，身不修行，口是心非──口里说得很对，心里完全都不是。他在出家受具足戒之后，以“十事自励”，以十种事情来勉励自己。

  这十种的事情，是很要紧的，我们每一个出家人都应该知道这十种事。现在我念给你们听一听：

  第一、体不捐沙门之表；   

  第二、心不违如来之制；

  第三、坐不背法界之经；

  第四、性不染情碍之境；

  第五、足不履尼寺之尘；

  第六、身不触居士之榻；

  第七、目不视非仪之彩；

  第八、舌不味过午之肴；

  第九、手不释圆明之珠；

  第十、宿不离衣钵之侧。

  这十种，我再来给你们略略地解释一下：

  第一、体不捐沙门之表：他的身体无时无刻都穿着袍、搭着衣，很郑重其事地，像个比丘的样子；表，就是样子。

  第二、心不违如来之制：他的心对于佛所说的规矩，一定遵守的，绝不违背；遵守佛所说这一切的戒律。

  第三、坐不背法界之经：《华严经》就叫“法界之经”。背，是不违背。凡是有《华严经》的地方，他一定对着《华严经》来坐，不背着《华严经》来坐，不用这个脊背对着经典来坐。你们各位听听，人家这种的愿力，不要说对佛，就是对经，他也不会背后对着经来坐。

  第四、性不染情碍之境：情，是爱情的情；碍，是障碍的碍，不是情情爱爱的爱。对于情，有障碍的这种境界，他不染。不染，就是不着住到这上面。

  第五、足不履尼寺之尘：这个愿看起来不太公道，比丘尼很不高兴的，但是他还是照常地发愿。说什么呢？他说他的脚不踩到尼寺院门口的土上；他不仅不走到尼寺里面，就是连门口的尘土他都不踩。尼，就是比丘尼，单单住有比丘尼的庙，就是尼姑庵。他就连门口的尘土，都不踩的。这个意思怎么样？就是他不到比丘尼的庙上去。所以他一生都没有到过比丘尼的寺庙去，因此很多比丘尼也不去亲近他：“他不来算了，我们也不去。”你们想一想，这要是你们西方人就会说：“哎呀，这简直神经病嘛，这又有什么意思呢？走到比丘尼的庙上，又有什么不好呢？我一天跑一百趟，都觉得没什么问题的。这位清凉国师他太清凉了，凉得太厉害了，一点都没有热情”，对不对啊？因为他太过清凉了，一点情感也没有，没有什么情感，所以能发这个清凉的愿。

  第六、身不触居士之榻：不要说到在家人的地方去住，他连在家居士睡的床，他都不触。触，就是不touch, no touch，不接触。你想一想你够不够这个资格啊？你怎么样啊？哈！

  第七、目不视非仪之彩：非仪，就是不合乎威仪的，不合乎礼仪的这种因缘，他都不看。好像那作戏的，或者跳舞的，或者唱歌的，或者好像是怪物、妖怪，在街上那地方蹦蹦跳跳的，这些他都不看的。

  第八、舌不味过午之肴：过了午，口里不要说吃东西，就连尝一尝它有什么味道，他都不尝的。他不会说：“这个东西什么滋味？我试一点点”，他都不试的，更不要说吃。你看看人家高僧所行所做，都是什么样子。想出家，那么容易的？放不下，你就不要出家！

  肴，就是吃的菜饭；肴馔，就是包括水果等一切吃的东西，什么都包括在内。他不要说菜饭，甚至于连一个水果都不吃的。所以修行持戒律是要很严厉的。有人说： “师父许可我们晚间吃个苹果，或者橘子，或者是什么水果之类的，这许可的啊！”不错，就因为你做不到，所以勉勉强强开这么一个方便法，说可以的。到时候，你若真想要修行，出家了，就连水果都不可以吃的，甚至连牛奶等浆类都不喝的。你们要是饿的话，也可以喝点浆类，不要偷着吃东西，听见没有？要依教奉行，不要听了不注意。

  第九、手不释圆明之珠：他手里总拿着念珠，不断地念“南无阿弥陀佛、南无阿弥陀佛……”这么念佛。

  第十、宿不离衣钵之侧：他睡觉总要把衣钵放在旁边，保护他这个衣钵。

  所以这位清凉国师，他天天以这十种的事来勉励自己，没有师父教他的。没有哪个师父说：“你要持午啊！你不要背着经坐。”没有的！都是他自己立出来的条件，不是师父教的，所以他才能“生历九朝，为七帝师”，他历经九个皇帝，而有七个皇帝都拜他做师父。

  这九个皇帝都是谁呢？是唐朝的，（一）唐玄宗、（二）唐肃宗、（三）唐代宗、（四）唐德宗、（五）唐顺宗、（六）唐宪宗、（七）唐穆宗、（八）唐敬宗、（九）唐文宗。由代宗以后，都是拜这位清凉国师做国师的。

  唐贞元十四年四月，逢帝诞日，当时他住锡在五台山“大华严寺”，德宗皇帝诏请入殿，开示《华严》宗旨。皇帝一听龙心大悦，赞叹说：“讲得真是妙啊！”于是赐紫衲方袍，礼为“教授和尚”；言其他是皇帝的教授和尚，常常给皇帝讲经说法。

  为什么他叫“清凉国师”呢？贞元十五年四月，又逢帝诞日，皇帝再诏请教授和尚入内殿，阐扬《华严》大经。他给皇帝说法，皇帝听了之后，说：“您真是令我得到清凉！现在真是好！真是得到自在清凉了。”所以就赐“清凉”为国师之号，说：“以后就称澄观法师叫‘清凉国师’，不称他的名字。”后人也就称“五台山” 为“清凉山”。

  你们看看，他一个人经过九个皇帝，七个皇帝都拜他做师父，如果他没有道德，怎么会有这样的感应？（本文参考清凉国师有关佛学资料）

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

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往期精选文章

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1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向