Uncover the Secrets of the Eighteen Arhats: The Past and Present Lives of the Eighteen Arhats

十八罗汉揭秘：十八罗汉的前世今生

"Sitting Deer Luohan", "Celebrating Luohan", "Holding Bowl Luohan", "Tota Luohan"

"Sitting Luohan", "Crossing the River Luohan", "Riding Luohan", "Laughing Luohan"

"Happy Arhat", "Hands Probing Arhat", "Meditation Arhat", "Ear Digging Arhat"

"Baggy Arhat", "Banana Arhat", "Long eyebrow Arhat", "Gate keeper Arhat"

"Dragon Subduing Arhat", "Tiger Subduing Arhat".

amitabha. The 18 Arhats protect all sentient beings and hold the Buddha dharma, and are immeasurably meritorious.

Here, Zhuge Changqing shares the basic information of the 18 Arhats with the predestined:

The following are the 18 Arhats:

1. Sitting Deer Arhat

The honorable person of Bindulaba Luocai Pavilion -- Sitting Deer Arhan

Zhuge Changqing: Sitting on a deer Luohan, a minister, likes to ride a deer.

Sitting upright, thoughtful and calm. Elegant and plain.

This Luohan was originally the minister of King Youtuoyan, and he had the power to be a monk. King Youtuoyan personally asked him to return to office. He was afraid of being instigated by the king, so he retreated into the mountains to practice.

One day, a deer riding monk appeared in front of the imperial palace. The imperial guards recognized it as the Bharara Fall Pavilion, and immediately reported to King Youtuoyan. The king came out to take him into the palace, said that the country was still vacant, and asked him if he would come back to be an official. He said that he wanted to lead the king to become a monk. He used various metaphors to explain the weariness of all kinds of desires. As a result, the king gave up his throne and became a monk with him.

2. Joyful Arhat

The Venerable One of Kanoka's Generation -- Joyful Arhat

Zhuge Changqing: Joyful Luohan, the teacher's birth, smiling speech, joy and happiness.

The demons are eliminated, the jade is clarified, the hands are raised for celebration, and the heart is full of joy.

Joyful Luohan is a famous theorist. A teacher is a speaker and orator who is good at talking about Buddhism. Someone asked him what he called joy, and he explained that he felt joy through hearing, sight, smell, taste and touch. Another person asked him, "What is Gaoqing?" He said, "The happiness that can not be felt by the ears, eyes, mouth, nose and hands is Gaoqing. For example, if you sincerely look at the Buddha, you will feel happy when you feel the Buddha is there." He often smiles when making speeches and debates, and is famous for his celebration, so he is named Xiqing Luohan, or Xixi Luohan.

3. Arhat with bowl

The Buddha of Nuoja Bharita - Arhat holding a bowl

Zhuge Changqing: Raise a bowl of Arhat, make alms, and make alms to all living beings.

He was originally a monk. His method of making fortune was different. He raised an iron bowl to beg for food from others. After becoming a Taoist priest, the world called him "Luohan". He is a compassionate and equal beggar. By praying for the benefit of the world, we can plant blessings for all living beings, and preach Buddhism for them, and educate all living beings by example and precept.

4. Tota Luohan

Supinda Venerable - Totarahan

Zhuge Changqing: Tota Luohan, the last disciple of the Buddha, carries out daily to commemorate the Buddha, expressing the Buddha's constant presence.

The seven-layer pagoda, Dharma channeling, is powerful but not angry, and is superior to others.

Pagoda is a Chinese character that takes the first sound of the Sanskrit word "Tapo". Before Buddhism was introduced into China, there was no pagoda in China, so the word "pagoda" was specially created. The pagoda in Buddhism is the thing containing the bones of Buddha. Since the pagoda is an instrument for carrying Buddha's bones, it also becomes a symbol of Buddha. This Arhat, named Su Pintuo, was the last disciple of Buddha Sakyamuni. He learned the five magic powers, and he also learned to be non-thinking and non-thinking. Su Pintuo was the last disciple of Buddha. In order to commemorate the Buddha, he took the pagoda with him as the meaning of the Buddha.

5. Sitting Arhat

Nuogra Venerable -- Sitting Arhat

Zhuge Changqing: Sitting Arhat, born as a military general, is extremely powerful. Sitting reflects Hercules physique.

Clean and cultivate the mind, look calm and auspicious, and enter the bliss.

This Arhat was a powerful Arhat. He was a soldier with incomparable strength. Later, he became a monk and achieved good results. His master taught him to meditate and give up the idea of fighting and killing when he was a soldier, so he still showed the physique of a Hercules in meditation.

6. Arhat crossing the river

The Buddha of Padra - Arhat crossing the river

Zhuge Changqing: Crossing the river and Luohan, crossing the river to spread the Dharma and enlighten all living beings.

Carrying scriptures, crossing the mountains and rivers to the east, and helping all living beings

The free translation of the three words "Bhadra" is "Yin", but this Arhat was named Bhadra for another reason. It turns out that there is a rare tree in India called Bhadra. His mother was pregnant and gave birth to him under the Bhadra tree, so she named him Bhadra and sent him to the temple to become a monk. According to legend, Buddhism in the East Indies was first spread by cymbal. He took a boat from India to Java Island in the East Indies to spread Buddhism, so he was called Luohan across the river.

7. Riding on the Elephant Arhat

Calgary Venerable -- riding on an elephant Arhat

Zhuge Changqing: riding an elephant Luohan, born as an elephant trainer, riding an elephant to promote Dharma.

The weather is dignified and the scriptures are eulogized. With all sentient beings, eyes and all directions in mind

The Sanskrit name of the elephant is Calgary, which means riding an elephant. Elephant is the symbol of Buddhism. It is a metaphor for the power of the elephant, which can endure hard and reach far. Calgarben was an elephant trainer who became a monk and proved his success, so he was named Luohan Riding Elephant.

8. Laughing Lion Arhat

Vajajira Rafdora - Rahan the Laughing Lion

Zhuge Changqing: Luohan, who laughs at the lion, never kills animals, has great blessings, is proficient in Buddhism, and often takes the little lion to spread the Dharma.

It is the eighth of the 18 Arhats in Buddhism. He and his family, 1100 Arhats, lived in Borranu. Five of the six types of Arhats are Kandahar Arhats, also known as progressive Arhats, referring to those who can make rapid progress and reach the immovable Dharma.

He has a strong body and a dignified appearance. It is said that because he never killed in his past life and has made good fortune, he has no disease and no pain in his life, and has five kinds of immortality. Therefore, he was also called "King Kong Zi" and was deeply praised and respected by people.

Although he has such supernatural powers, he often sits quietly all day long and does not move. Besides, they are eloquent, knowledgeable and memorized, familiar with scriptures, and able to speak skillfully; But he seldom speaks, and often does not speak all day long. His elder martial brother Anan asked him in surprise: "Dear master, why don't you open the door once and speak the magic method freely?" The respected man replied: "You are not necessarily popular because you talk too much. Although your sentences are valuable, they are often offensive. I can enjoy the Dharma in the silence, and I hope you can do the same." The respected man often takes the little lion with him, so the world calls him "Laughing Lion Arhat".

9. Happy Luohan

Garrison of Boga - Happy Arhat

Zhuge Changqing: Happy Arhat, the king and prince, shows the Buddha in his heart.

Be happy to see Buddha and show your powers. Compare with each other and Buddha's power is infinite

The person who guards Boga, Sheng Yan, is the kind and fearless person who came to Chang'an in the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (716 AD); He was the prince of the King of Central India, and the king made him the savior. His younger brother made trouble. He immediately said to his younger brother, "You come to be the emperor, and I will become a monk." His younger brother didn't believe it. He said, "I only have Buddha in my heart. If you don't believe it, look!" So he opened his clothes, and his younger brother saw that there was a Buddha in his heart, so he believed him and stopped making trouble.

10. Detective Arhat

Bantoga Venerable -- Arhat

Zhuge Changqing: Luohan with his hands, sit cross-legged, and raise his hands after meditation.

Be relaxed, yawn and stretch your waist, be alert and enjoy yourself

It is said that the Bantoga Venerable is the son of Banchala, the drug fork god. According to the Koridi Sutra, there was a fork god named Poto on the side of a mountain in the ancient Indian king's temple. There was another fork god named Banchala in the northern Gandhara. Poto and Banchala's wife were pregnant at the same time, so they were married. Pando gave birth to a daughter, half Chala gave birth to a son, and half Chala gave birth to a son, which is the fruit of the half-toga monastic cultivation, and also the daughter of Pando.

He is known as the hand probing Luohan, because he often uses the half-kya sitting method when meditating. This method is to put one leg on the other leg, that is, the single-knee method. After meditating, he will raise his hands and take a long breath.

11. Meditate on Arhat

Luohula Venerable -- meditating on Arhat

Zhuge Changqing: meditate on Luohan, like to meditate.

One of the ten disciples of Buddha. The statue of the meditative arhat is commonly known as the meditative arhan. Its features are plump face, curved eyebrows, round eyes, thick and dignified posture with elegant and unrestrained charm

This Arhat was born at the eclipse of the moon, so he was named Rahula.

Meditation Luohan meditates in peace, and in meditation, he realizes that everything is going to be refined. You can know what people don't know in meditation, and what people can't do when you do work. His meditation is to gain wisdom and action.

12. Ear digging Arhat

The Buddha of Naga rhinoceros - Arhat

Zhuge Changqing: Dig the ears of Arhat, clear the six roots, remove the "eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind", and use digging the ears as a representation.

It is leisurely and comfortable, pleasant and refreshing, and full of fun and meaning.

Naga is translated into the famous dragon in Chinese, and Xina is translated into the army. Naga Xina means the army of the dragon. It is a metaphor for the powerful magic force, like the army of the dragon. This Luohan lives on the half-slope mountain. He is also a theorist and is famous for his work on Ear Roots. The so-called ear root, which is generated from awareness, is one of the six sources of human understanding of the world.

The so-called six root cleansing is one of them. In Buddhism, we should not listen to other people's secrets except all kinds of evil voices. Because he is the best at ear root, he takes the shape of ear digging to show that the ear root is clean.

13. Baggy Arhat

Bu Bag Arhat, the Venerable Injita

Zhuge Changqing: Luohan in cloth bags protects snakes and people. Snakes in cloth bags are released into the mountains.

Infinite longevity Buddha, Heaven and Earth treasure bag, happy and happy pottery

Because Jietuo is said to be a snake catcher. He catches snakes for the convenience of pedestrians to avoid being bitten by snakes. After catching the snake, he pulled out its fangs and put it in the deep mountains. He cultivated the right fruit because of his kindness. His cloth bag was originally a snake bag. It is said that he appeared in China. In the Liang Dynasty of the Five Dynasties in 907 AD, he appeared in Fenghua with a bag of copies. Later, in the third year of Zhenming (917 A.D.), he said Buddhist sutras on the rock of Yuelin Temple, "Maitreya is a real Maitreya, who is divided into hundreds of billions of people. He always shows people, but people don't know him." After that, he disappeared.

14. Plantain arhat

Varnavas Venerable -- Banana Arhat

Zhuge Changqing: The plantain arhat likes to practice under the plantain tree.

Leisure and recluse, arrogant and too modest. Fairy demeanor, extraordinary

Vanavage Sanskrit means rain. It is said that when he was born, it was raining heavily. The banana tree in the rear picture was rustling under the heavy rain, so his father named him Rain. After becoming a monk, he cultivated Luohanguo. It is also said that he likes to practice under the plantain, so he is named Luohan.

15. Long-browed Arhat

Arhat, the most venerable person of Arhat

Zhuge Changqing: Luohan with long eyebrows, a monk who has practiced for many years, has two long eyebrows since birth.

Long-browed Arhat is a kind old man and an eminent monk who has learned the truth.

Ashido is a perfectly correct transliteration of Sanskrit. This Arhat is characterized by two long white eyebrows. It turned out that he was also a monk in his previous life. As he grew old, his eyebrows fell off. After shaving two long eyebrows, he still could not get the right result. He was reincarnated after death. After his birth, someone said to his father, "Buddha Sakyamuni also has two long eyebrows, and your son has long eyebrows, which is the Buddha's face." So his father sent him to the temple door to become a monk, and finally completed the Luohanguo.

16. Watchman Luohan

The man who pours tea half to the Buddha -- the gatekeeper Arhat

Zhuge Changqing: The gatekeeper Arhat shakes the tin stick in his hand when making alms. When people hear the ring of the tin stick, they open the door automatically to give alms.

The gatekeeper Arhat is a powerful benchmark, vigilant gaze, Zen staff in hand, brave and blazing evil spirits.

One of the trusted disciples of Buddha Sakyamuni, the Tea Injecting Half Tuoja Venerable, often used his fist to call people in the room to give alms. Once, because his house was decayed, he accidentally broke it down, and he had to apologize. Later, he went back to ask the Buddha, who said, "I will give you a tin stick. You can go to make fortune without knocking the door. Shake the tin stick on the door of a person's house. The people who are destined will open the door automatically. If you don't open the door, the people who are not destined will go to another house." It turned out that there are several rings on the tin stick. When shaking, it makes a sound of "tin tin". When they heard the sound, they opened the door.

17. Dragon Subduing Arhat

The Venerable Kasyapa - Dragon Subduing Arhat

Zhuge Changqing: Luohan, one of the two servants of the Buddha and the Venerable Kasyapa, once subdued the dragon.

The 17th of the Eighteen Arhats, the "Venerable Kasyapa", was appointed by Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. According to the Dharma Residence Record, the first 16 Arhats are the Buddha's 16 eldest disciples, and the Buddha ordered them to stay in the world to save all living beings.

It is said that the Dragon King flooded the country with flood and hid the Buddhist scriptures in the Dragon Palace. Later, the Dragon Subduing Venerable subdued the Dragon King to retrieve the Buddhist scriptures and made great contributions, so he was called the "Dragon Subduing Venerable".

It is said that the Dragon Subduing Arhat was also born in China. The most famous is the Jigong monk in the Song Dynasty. There is no way to test whether the monk Jigong was really incarnated by the Dragon Subduing Arhat, but Jigong is a real man.

18. Crouching Tiger Luohan

Zhuge Changqing: Crouching Tiger Luohan, once provided for and subdued tigers.

In the field of Chinese Buddhism, Sakyamuni Buddha (Buddha of the Tathagata), the highest Buddha, is located under the eighteen Arhats. The Fuhu Arhat is the 18th of the 18 Arhats, the "Maitreya Venerable", who was appointed by Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. Another saying is that the 18th Arhat is the "Jun Tu Bo sigh" in the "Four Great Hearts".

It is said that outside the temple where the Fuhu worshiper lives, there are often fierce tigers roaring because of hunger. The Fuhu worshiper gives his food to this tiger. After a long time, the tiger is subdued by him and often plays with him, so he is also called "Fuhu Luohan". (Reference materials for this article: materials and pictures of the 18 Arhats of online Buddhism)

amitabha. The Eighteen Arhats lived permanently in the world, protected the Dharma, and protected all living beings.

----Zhuge Changqing

Nanwu Master Sakyamuni Buddha.

Namo Amitabha.

Nanwudi Tibetan King Bodhisattva.

Nanwukong hides Bodhisattva.

Blessed life is limitless.

There are many reasons why Buddhism flourishes in the world.

One of the reasons is that the Buddha Sakyamuni arranged the 18 Arhats to stay on earth to protect the Buddha Dharma in advance.

There are eighteen Arhats who live in the world to protect the Buddha dharma secretly, and the Buddha dharma naturally flourishes.

This is why the eighteen Arhats are often mentioned in people's daily life.

So what is Arhat?

Arhat, also known as Arhat, refers to the sage who can cut off all troubles, reach the nirvana state, no longer suffer from the suffering of life and death, complete practice, and have the virtue of guiding all beings to the good, worthy of the support of man and nature.

The Eighteen Arhats are the eighteen Arhats in Buddhism who live in the world forever and protect the Dharma. They are from the Sixteen Arhats plus the Two Respects.

They are all historical figures with different backgrounds. The Sixteen Arhats were mainly popular in the Tang Dynasty. By the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Eighteen Arhats began to appear. By the Song Dynasty, they were the Eighteen Arhats. They are all disciples of the Buddha. They have accepted the Buddha's mandate to live in the world without nirvana, and follow the fate of all living beings. Amitabha, Zhuge Changqing believed that the Eighteen Arhats accepted the entrustment of Sakyamuni Buddha and made a great wish to live in the world for a long time, protect the Dharma and protect all living beings.

It was originally recorded as the sixteen arhats in the classics, so how did it evolve into the eighteen arhats?

According to the scriptures, sixteen disciples of the Buddha were instructed by the Buddha not to enter Nirvana, and later added two Buddhas to become the Eighteen Arhats.

In the second century AD, the name of the sixteen Arhats and the area where they lived were recorded in the "Dharma Residence" written by the Qing Youzun of Shiziguo (now Sri Lanka).

After the book was translated by Master Xuanzang, the sixteen Arhats were generally respected by Chinese Buddhists. In the Five Dynasties, drawing and carving became increasingly popular, and later the painter painted the Eighteen Arhats. Zhuge Changqing believed that today's people are blessed, because Master Xuanzang translated these Buddhist secrets to us in the Tang Dynasty. amitabha. If it hadn't been for the dedication of Master Xuanzang, we might not have known the Arhats and the Eighteenth Arhats.

According to the textual research, during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the Emperor Qianlong and the living Buddha Zhangjia Hutuktu believed that the last two of the 18 Arhats should be the Dragon Subduing Arhats (the Venerable Kasyapa) and the Tiger Subduing Arhats (the Venerable Maitreya). Since the imperial decree, the 18 Arhats have been prescribed.

At present, there are 18 Arhats in many temples and monasteries in China, and the last two are the Dragon Subduing Arhats and the Tiger Subduing Arhats.

Who are the eighteen Arhats?

Zhuge Changqing believed that as a researcher of traditional Chinese culture, one should know the basic name and meaning of the Eighteen Arhats.

The 18 Arhats are:

阿弥陀佛。十八罗汉永久住世、护持正法、保护众生，功德无量。

---- 诸葛长青

   南无本师释迦牟尼佛。

  南无阿弥陀佛。

  南无地藏王菩萨。

  南无虚空藏菩萨。

  福生无量天尊。

  佛法在人间兴盛，有很多原因。

   其中一个原因，就是佛祖释迦牟尼佛提前安排十八罗汉常驻人间护佛法。

   有十八罗汉常驻人间秘密保护佛法，佛法自然兴盛。

   这就是人们日常生活中，为何经常提到十八罗汉。

  那么什么是罗汉呢？

  罗汉又称阿罗汉，指能断除一切烦恼，达到涅槃境界，不再受生死轮回之苦，修行圆满又具有引导众生向善解脱的德行，堪受人天供养的圣者。

  十八罗汉，是佛教中十八位永住世间、护持正法的阿罗汉，是由十六罗汉加二尊者而来。

  他们都是历史人物，有名有姓身世各异。十六罗汉主要流行于唐代，至唐末，开始出现十八罗汉，到宋代时，即为十八罗汉了。他们都是佛的弟子，是接受了佛的嘱托，永不涅槃而住于世间，随缘度化众生。阿弥陀佛，诸葛长青认为，十八罗汉接受释迦牟尼佛委托，发大愿恒久住世，护持佛法，护佑众生，功德无量。

  经典中最初确实记载为十六罗汉，那么如何演变为十八罗汉呢？

  据经典载，有十六位佛的弟子受了佛的付嘱，不入涅槃，后来添加二尊者，成为十八罗汉。

  公元二世纪时师子国（今斯里兰卡）庆友尊者作的《法住记》中，更记载了十六阿罗汉的名字和他们所住的地区。

  这部书由玄奘法师译出之后，十六罗汉便普遍受到我国佛教徒的尊敬。到五代时，绘图雕刻日益普遍起来，后来画家画成了十八罗汉。诸葛长青认为，我们今天的人是有福报的，因为玄奘大师在唐朝就给我们翻译出来这些佛法秘密。阿弥陀佛。如果没有玄奘法师的奉献，我们到今天或许还不知道罗汉、十八罗汉。

  考证认为，清乾隆年间，乾隆皇帝和章嘉呼图克图活佛认为：十八罗汉的最后两位应该是降龙罗汉（迦叶尊者）和伏虎罗汉（弥勒尊者），由于是钦定，从此十八罗汉便被规定了下来。

  现今在我国多地寺庙道场中，多为十八罗汉，最后两位即是降龙罗汉与伏虎罗汉。

  十八罗汉都是谁呢？

   诸葛长青认为，作为研究国学的人，要知晓十八罗汉基本的名字、基本含义。

   这十八罗汉分别是：

  “坐鹿罗汉”、“喜庆罗汉”、“举钵罗汉”、“托塔罗汉”、

  “静坐罗汉”、“过江罗汉”、“骑象罗汉”、“笑狮罗汉”、

  “开心罗汉”、“探手罗汉”、“沉思罗汉”、“挖耳罗汉”、

  “布袋罗汉”、“芭蕉罗汉”、“长眉罗汉”、“看门罗汉”、

  “降龙罗汉”、“伏虎罗汉”。

  阿弥陀佛。十八罗汉护佑众生、护持佛法，功德无量。

  这里，诸葛长青把十八罗汉的基本资料分享有缘者：

  以下分别介绍十八罗汉：　

  1、坐鹿罗汉

  宾度罗跋罗堕阁尊者——坐鹿罗汉

  诸葛长青：坐鹿罗汉，大臣出身，喜欢骑鹿。

  端坐神鹿、若有所思，泰然自若。高雅平易。

  这位罗汉本来是优陀延王的大臣，权倾一国，但他忽然发心去做和尚。优陀延王亲自请他回转做官，他怕国王啰唆，遂遁入深山修行。

  有一日，皇宫前出现的一名骑鹿和尚，御林军认得是跋罗堕阁，连忙向优陀延王报告。国王出来接他入宫，说国家仍然虚位以待，问他是否回来做官。他说回来是想引导国王出家，他用种种比喻，说明各种欲念之可厌，结果国王就让位太子，随他出家了。

  2、欢喜罗汉

  迦诺迦代蹉尊者——欢喜罗汉

   诸葛长青：欢喜罗汉，论师出身，微笑演讲，欢喜快乐。

   妖魔除尽、玉宇澄清、扬手欢庆、心花怒放。

  欢喜罗汉是著名的论师。论师即善于谈论佛学的演说家及雄辩家。有人问他甚么叫做喜，他解释说：由听觉、视觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉而感到快乐之喜。又有人问他：“何谓之高庆？”他说：“不由耳眼口鼻手所感觉的快乐，就是高庆。例如诚心向佛，心觉佛在，即感快乐。”他在演说及辩论时，常带笑容，又因论喜庆而名闻遐迩，故名喜庆罗汉，或欢喜罗汉。

  3、举钵罗汉

  诺迦跋哩陀尊者——举钵罗汉

  诸葛长青：举钵罗汉，化缘和尚，化缘说法度众生。

  原是一位化缘和尚。他化缘的方法与众不同，是高举铁钵向人乞食，成道后，世人称其为“举钵罗汉”。是一位慈悲平等托钵化缘的行者。藉托钵福利世人，予众生种植福德，并为他们讲说佛法，以身教、言教度化众生。

  4、托塔罗汉

  苏频陀尊者——托塔罗汉

   诸葛长青：托塔罗汉，佛祖最后一名弟子，为纪念佛祖，每天托塔而行，表达佛祖常在。

    七层宝塔、佛法通灵，威而不怒、道行超群。

  塔，是取梵文“塔婆”一词的第一音而成的中国字。在佛教传入中国以前，中国是没有塔，故特造“塔”字，佛教中的塔，是载佛骨的东西。由于塔是载佛骨的器具，于是塔也成为佛的象征。这罗汉名苏频陀，是佛祖释迦牟尼所收的最后的一位弟子。他修到五神通，又修得非非想及非想定。苏频陀是佛祖最后一名弟子，他为了纪念佛陀，特地把塔随身携带，作为佛祖常在之意。

  5、静坐罗汉

  诺距罗尊者——静坐罗汉

     诸葛长青：静坐罗汉，武将出身，力大无比，静坐中体现大力士体格。 

    清净修心、神态自若安详瑞庆、进彼极乐。

   这位罗汉是一位大力罗汉，原为一位战士，力大无比，后来出家为和尚，修成正果。他的师父教他静坐修行，放弃从前当战士时那种打打杀杀的观念，故他在静坐时仍现出大力士的体格。

  6、过江罗汉

  跋陀罗尊者——过江罗汉

   诸葛长青：过江罗汉，渡江传法，度化众生。

   身负经卷、东渡传经跋山涉水、普渡众生

    跋陀罗三字，意译是贤，但这位罗汉取名跋陀罗，是另有原因。原来印度有一种稀有的树木，名叫跋陀罗。他的母亲怀孕临盆，是在跋陀罗树下产下他的，因此就为他取名跋陀罗，并将他送去寺门出家。相传东印度群岛的佛教，最初是由钹陀罗传去的。他由印度乘船到东印度群岛中的爪哇岛去传播佛法，因此称之为过江罗汉。

   7、骑象罗汉

   迦理迦尊者——骑象罗汉

    诸葛长青：骑象罗汉，驯象师出身，骑大象弘法。

     气象轩昂、颂经朗朗。心怀众生、目及四方

   象的梵文名迦理，迦理迦即骑象人之意。象是佛法的象征，比喻象的威力大，能耐劳又能致远。迦理迦本是一位驯象师，出家修行而证果，故名骑象罗汉。

    8、笑狮罗汉

   伐阇罗弗多罗——笑狮罗汉

   诸葛长青：笑狮罗汉，从不杀生，福报巨大，精通佛法，常带小狮子弘法。

   是佛教十八罗汉的第八位。他与自眷属一千一百阿罗汉，多分住于钵剌拏洲。六种阿罗汉之五为堪达法阿罗汉，又作可进相阿罗汉，指能迅速精进，而达于不动法者。

   他身体魁梧健壮，仪容庄严凛然。据说，由于他往生从不杀生，广绩善缘，故此一生无病无痛，而且有五种不死的福力。故又称他为“金刚子”，深受人们的赞美，尊敬。

   虽然他有如此神通，但勤修如故，常常静坐终日，端然不动。而且能言善辩，博学强记，通晓经书，能畅说妙法; 但他难得说法，往往终日不语。他的师兄弟阿难诧异地问他：“尊者，你为何不开一次方便之门，畅说妙法呢？”尊者答到：“话说多了，不一定受人欢迎；尽管你句句值千金，却往往会令人反感。我在寂静中可得法乐，希望大家也能如此。”尊者经常将小狮子带在身边，所以世人称他为“笑狮罗汉”。

    9、开心罗汉

   戍博迦尊者——开心罗汉

   诸葛长青：开心罗汉，国王太子，心中显佛。

   开心见佛、各显神通。相互比莫、佛力无穷

   戍博迦尊者，盛言即唐玄宗开元四年(公元七一六年)来长安的善无畏尊者；他是中天竺国王之太子，国王立他为储君，他的弟弟因而作乱，他立即对弟弟说：“你来做皇帝，我去出家。”他的弟弟不信，他说：“我的心中只有佛，你不信，看看吧!”于是他打开衣服，弟弟看见他的心中果然有一佛，因此才相信他，不再作乱。

   10、探手罗汉

   半托迦尊者——探手罗汉

   诸葛长青：探手罗汉，单腿盘坐，打坐结束，双手举起。

   安悠自在、呵欠伸腰，神志灵通、自得其乐

   半托迦尊者相传是药叉神半遮罗之子。据《可哩底母经》说：古印度王舍城内一山边有药叉神，名叫婆多，北方犍陀多罗国又有一药叉神名叫半遮罗，婆多与半遮罗的妻子同时怀孕，於是指腹为婚。婆多生女，半遮罗生子，半遮罗生子就是半托迦出家修成正果，也渡婆多的女儿成道。

   他被称为探手罗汉，因他打坐时常用半迦坐法，此法是将一腿架於另一腿上，即单盘膝法，打坐完毕即将双手举起，长呼一口气。

   11、沉思罗汉

   罗怙罗尊者——沉思罗汉

   诸葛长青：沉思罗汉，喜欢沉思。

   佛祖十大弟子之一。沉思罗汉那尊塑像俗称沉思罗汉，他的特征面相丰腴、蚕眉弯曲、秀目圆睁、敦厚凝重的风姿之中带有逸秀潇洒的气韵

   这位罗汉是在月食之时出世，故取名罗怙罗多。

   沉思罗汉沉思瞑想，在沉思中悟通一切趋凡脱俗。在沉思中能知人所不知，在行功时能行人所不能行。他的沉思，就是获取智慧与行动。

   12、挖耳罗汉

   那迦犀那尊者——挖耳罗汉

   诸葛长青：挖耳罗汉，六根清净，去掉“眼耳鼻舌身意”，用挖耳朵作为表法。

   闲逸自得、怡神通窍，横生妙趣、意味盎然。

   那迦译作中文名龙，犀那译为军，那迦犀那即龙的军队的意思，比喻法力强大，有如龙的军队。这位罗汉住在半度坡山上。他也是一位论师，因论《耳根》而耳闻名。所谓耳根，是由於醒觉而生认识，是人类认识世界的六种根源之一。

  所谓六根清净，耳根清净是其中之一。佛教中除不听各种淫邪声音之外，更不可听别人的秘密。因他论耳根最到家，故取挖耳之形，以示耳根清净。

   13、布袋罗汉

   因揭陀尊者——布袋罗汉

   诸葛长青：布袋罗汉，保护蛇、保护人，用布袋装蛇放生山里。

   无量寿佛、乾坤宝袋，欢喜如意、其乐陶陶

   因揭陀相传是一位捉蛇人，他捉蛇是为了方便行人免被蛇咬。他捉蛇后拔去其毒牙而放生于深山，因发善心而修成正果。他的布袋原是载蛇的袋。相传他在中国显灵。于公元九0七年五代梁朝时他在奉化出现，负一袋抄化。后来在贞明三年(公元九一七年)在岳林寺磐石上说佛偈曰：“弥勒真弥勒，分身千百亿，时时示时人，时人自不识。”说完他便失踪了。

   14、芭蕉罗汉

   伐那婆斯尊者——芭蕉罗汉

   诸葛长青：芭蕉罗汉，喜欢芭蕉树下修行。

   悠闲隐逸、傲视太虚。仙风道骨、超脱凡尘

   伐那婆期梵文为雨的意思。相传他出生时，雨下得正大，後图中的芭蕉树正被大雨打得沙沙作响，他的父亲因此为他取名为雨。他出家后修成罗汉果，又相传他喜在芭蕉下修行，故名芭蕉罗汉。

   15、长眉罗汉

   阿氏多尊者——长眉罗汉

   诸葛长青：长眉罗汉，累世修行和尚，出生即有两条长眉。

   长眉罗汉慈祥老者、得道高僧通察大千，心领神会。

   阿氏多是梵文无比端正的音译。这位罗汉的特征，是生下来就有两条长长的白眉毛。原来他前世也是一位和尚，因为修行到老，眉毛都脱落了，脱剃两条长眉毛，仍然修不成正果，死後再转世为人。他出世後，有人对他的父亲说道：“佛祖释迦牟尼也有两条长眉，你的儿子有长眉，是佛相。”因此他的父亲就送他入寺门出家，终於修成罗汉果。

   16、看门罗汉

   注茶半托迦尊者——看门罗汉

   诸葛长青：看门罗汉，化缘时，晃动手中锡杖，人听见锡杖环响，自动开门布施。

   看门罗汉威武标杆、警觉凝视、禅杖在握、勇炽邪魔。

   注茶半托迦尊者，是佛祖释迦牟尼亲信弟子之一，他到各地去化缘，常常用拳头叫屋内的人出来布施。有一次因人家的房子腐朽，他不慎把它打烂，结果要道歉认错。后来他回去问佛祖，佛祖说：“我赐给你一根锡杖，你以后去化缘，不用打门，用这锡杖在人家门上摇动，有缘的人，自会开门，如不开门，就是没缘的人，改到别家去好了!”原来这锡杖上有几个环，摇动时发出“锡锡”的声音。人家听到这声音，果然开门布舍。

   17、降龙罗汉

   迦叶尊者——降龙罗汉

   诸葛长青：降龙罗汉，是佛祖二侍者之一、迦叶尊者，曾经降龙。

   十八罗汉的第十七位，即是“迦叶尊者”，他是在清朝由乾隆皇帝钦定的。据《法住记》说，前边十六位罗汉是佛陀的十六位大弟子，佛命他们常驻人间普渡众生。

   传说当年龙王用洪水淹那竭国，将佛经藏于龙宫。后来降龙尊者降服了龙王取回佛经，立了大功，故称他为“降龙尊者”。

   相传降龙罗汉也在我国化现降生，最著名的就是我国宋代的济公和尚。济公和尚是否确为降龙罗汉所化现，已无从可考，但是济公确有其人。

    18、伏虎罗汉

    诸葛长青：伏虎罗汉，曾经供养老虎，降服老虎。

   在中国佛教领域，最高佛道的释迦牟尼佛（如来佛祖）座下处十八罗汉。而伏虎罗汉是十八罗汉中的第十八位，即是“弥勒尊者”，他是在清朝由乾隆皇帝钦定的。另一说法是第十八位罗汉是“四大声闻”中的“君屠钵叹”。

   传说伏虎尊者所住的寺庙外，经常有猛虎因肚子饿长哮，伏虎尊者把自己的饭食分给这只老虎，时间一长了猛虎就被他降服了，常和他一起玩耍，故又称他为“伏虎罗汉”。（本文参考资料：网络佛教十八罗汉资料、图片）

 (This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

Click the article title to view

往期精选文章

点击文章标题查看

1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向