Knowledge of the Three Great Commandments of Buddhism: What is the "Three Great Commandments"

佛教三坛大戒知识：什么是“三坛大戒”

Amitabha, abiding by the precepts, stopping evil and doing good are the keys to the leap of spiritual practice.

----Zhuge Changqing

Namo Amitabha.

Nanwu Master Sakyamuni Buddha.

Blessed life is limitless.

Many predestined people will see a term - "Three Great Precepts" when they read Buddhist scriptures, read Buddhist monks in Xuanhua, and so on.

So what is the "three great precepts"?

Zhuge Changqing shared the basic knowledge about the three great precepts with the predestined:

1、 What are the three great precepts.

1. The basic definition of the three great precepts: the three great precepts of Buddhism are the general name of the three great precepts of Mahayana Buddhism in China.

Buddhism believes that to be a monk or a nun who has enough precepts and practices, in addition to the firm belief in Buddhism and the tenacious will to abide by the rules and regulations, must first go through the procedures prescribed in the Buddhist precepts. That is to say, a few years or more after Shadu became a monk, he performed the grand ceremony of receiving the "Sami precepts, bhikkhu precepts, bodhisattva precepts" and "three great precepts".

Zhuge Changqing believed that the three great precepts were a way for his family to strengthen their belief in the promotion of Dharma and practice diligently through the solemn teaching of the three precepts of "Sami precepts, bhikkhu precepts and bodhisattva precepts" by Buddhism. Accepting the three great precepts is also an important help for monks to make a leap in practice.

Just as Monk Xuecheng, who earnestly encouraged Hong Kong to accept the three great precepts, said: For monks, only if they really accept the precepts, can they be truly bhikkhus and bodhisattvas. It is a special reason for everyone to accept the three great precepts of Sami, bhikkhu and Bodhisattva, and jointly achieve the precepts. During the abstinence period, everyone should have a good heart and a broad heart, repent of their original karma and troubles, stop all bad habits and deeds, and stop all evil thoughts and nausea; Be merciful to all sentient beings. Only by keeping your body clean can you get a clean body.

2. The three great precepts need "three divisions and seven certificates" to be held

The three great precepts, with solemn ceremony, generally require "three divisions and seven certificates" to be held.

This system of "three divisions and seven certificates" was established in a densely populated area where Buddhism is prevalent; If there are few monks in the border area, only "three divisions and two certificates" are required. According to the fourth volume of the "Venema Sutra", when Gachan Yan taught the precepts for the monks in the state of Apenti, it took 12 years to receive the precepts due to the lack of monks who could be regarded as precepts, so the Buddha promised to have five divisions in the border and the land. In addition, when receiving the Five Commandments, only one monk is required, and when receiving the Ten Commandments, only two people are required. As for the Mahayana Bodhisattva precepts, in principle, Sakyamuni is the monk, Manjusri is the karmic master, Maitreya is the professor, and all Tathagata is the Venerable Master. In practice, only one professor is allowed to be the professor. See Zhan Ran's book "Giving Bodhisattva Precepts" and other books.

Why do we need "three divisions and seven certificates"? According to Zhuge Changqing's research data, this is to ensure the complete and correct track of the Three Great Commandments.

What is "three divisions and seven certificates"? Three divisions and seven certificates are the combination of "three divisions" and "seven certificates".

The "three teachers" refer to the precepts monk, the karmon teacher and the professor; "Seven certificates" refer to seven preceptors who came to testify; They are collectively referred to as "ten divisions" or "ten monks", which refers to the number of monks and nuns who must have sufficient precepts in the precept field when they receive the precepts. It is also known as ten divisions and ten monks.

The third division is the great monk master with three kinds of merits and virtues: 1. The precept master: refers to the monk who corrects the precepts. It is the root of the precepts of monks and the place where they belong. Therefore, they will sincerely ask for them. Those who serve as monks of precepts must have been practicing precepts for more than ten years, and strictly abide by precepts and laws. They are wise enough to teach disciples. 2. Capricorn master: that is, the Ajaja who reads the Capricorn script, presides over the teaching ceremony of the White Four Capricorn. Capricorn master is the right reason for the monks to accept the precepts. If there is no Capricorn master who inherits the holy law, then the good law in the Dharma world cannot be born. The person who holds this post must have been on the guard for more than five years. 3. Professors: That is to say, those who teach the Weiyi method to guide and explain for everyone. It must also be cured for more than five years.

The seven-character teacher is the one who proves that he has been disciplined. All these ten teachers should be respectfully invited before taking the precepts.

When monks receive the full precepts, the number of precepts that should be given in the precepts hall. According to the teaching system, if you don't have ten teachers, you can't teach the precepts. Therefore, before you accept the precepts, you must welcome the ten teachers first, which is called the precepts. The second volume of the Canon of Precepts points out: "The monks and the two Ajajili must be like the Dharma, and the seven monks must be clear and clear. Without the monks, if the ten monks are not satisfied, they will not achieve." It also says: "To give the Great Precept, you must have three divisions of water emulsion, and one boundary of six harmonies." It can be seen that in addition to the number of ten, the precepts must be 'like the Dharma' and 'pure and clear', and the teachers must be harmonious with each other, like water emulsion. Only in this way can the conditions of teachers be considered satisfactory.

Among the three divisions, "De Jie Shi" is commonly known as De Jie Monk, also known as Jie Monk. This is the core figure of the precept ceremony, and also the disciplinarian of the precepts that the precepts are taught; This teacher must have practiced martial arts for more than ten summers, strictly abide by the precepts, and have enough wisdom to be able to teach disciples. Zhuge Changqing's remarks: Jiela is also made of wax, summer wax and sitting wax. It refers to the number of years after the monks were given the concrete precepts. Strictly speaking, it refers to the number of years for monks to sit in summer and live in peace after they have been given the ban. According to the download of Shi's guide book, the last day of the summer residence (July 15) is regarded as the day of the celebration by the monks. Since then, there has been the age of the law, and the 16th day is the beginning of the new year. The order of elders and juveniles of monks is determined by the number of monks; Those who have not been disciplined for a long time are called shallow wax. Another saying is that Fala refers to the number of years after shaving, and Jiela refers to the number of years after receiving the full precepts.

In the three divisions, the "Karmapa", also known as Karmapa, refers to the preceptor who practices Karmapa when receiving the precepts.

"Professors" in the three divisions, also known as the professor Asharaja, refer to the preceptors who speak of virtue and teach majesty when receiving the precepts. Both Capricorn and Professor must abstain from more than five summers. Zhuge Changqing: Amitabha. What is the meaning of "Ajali" mentioned here? Asharali. Sanskrit. It is equivalent to a disciple tutor. A model translator. Patriarch also known as Asheri, Asheri, Asheri, and Asheri. It is also called Candragraga. It means to be a model teacher, to be upright, to be popular, to be feasible, to be supported, to be taught, to be wise, and to be taught. It means teaching students to behave properly and appropriately, and being a model teacher for students, so it is also called a teacher..

The "seven certificates" are the preceptors who come to the meeting to prove the correctness of the karma (precepts). According to the third article of the "Please Learn" in the volume of the "Four Divisions Act Money", "The first time you ask a monk, you will get the basic precepts. If you don't have this person, you can't follow the precepts. You don't need to show the growth of the precepts. You must ask him." According to the saying of "Karmapa", "The Karmapa Guru Ajawahari is the right person to accept the precepts. If there is no such person who is in the holy law, then the good law in the law world cannot be born." According to the "professor teacher", "this person will guide you to explain, and make it convenient for the monks to teach you the precepts." The teacher who solved the "seven certificates" said, "If you are not alone in using the Karma method, you must take this person to prove that there is no mistake. If you are talking about the martial arts, you should be in line with the three teachers." Zhuge Changqing: The seven certificates are to prove the legal norms of the three great precepts.

To be a bhikkhu or bhikkhuni with sufficient precepts and practices, in addition to the firm belief in Buddhism and the tenacious will to abide by the rules and regulations, you must first go through the procedures prescribed in the Buddhist precepts. That is to say, in a few years or more after Shadu became a monk, he performed the grand ceremony of receiving the "three great precepts" of Sami precepts, bhikkhu precepts and Bodhisattva precepts. Such ceremonies are held in the jungle. These jungles are equipped with precepts halls and altars for Buddhist disciples.

For the abbot of the jungle, he said that it was called a precept; For those who want to succeed in the temple of descendants, it is called taking precepts; The time arrangement of the three great precepts in the jungle is different, or the three great precepts every year

The three great precepts are held every other year or every three years. The meeting time is also different, either in spring, or in autumn, or in winter. Most of them choose the 25th day around the 8th day of April in the lunar calendar, that is, from March 16th to the 10th day of April. This period is at the end of spring and the beginning of summer, with a mild climate; Just before the end of summer, it is the leisure time of the year in the jungle. A few days after the meeting, the jungle began to settle down in summer.

3. The precepts are divided into three levels and three times, which are called the three altars: the first altar teaches the Sami precepts, which is the busiest business; The two altars teach the precepts of monks, which is the most solemn scene; The three altars teach Bodhisattva precepts, which is the most sacred of the teachings.

After the winter settlement of the 15th of the first month, the guest hall, the meditation hall, the warehouse, the people and the Lipaoliao in the jungle began to prepare for the preaching, including material preparation and personnel arrangement.

The core members of preaching include the Great Monk, Patriarch Capricorn, Patriarch Professors, and seven Patriarch Professors, as well as ten Patriarch Professors, totaling 20. These members must be held by the eminent monk Dade who enjoys a high reputation in Buddhism and is familiar with the laws and rituals. In addition to the Great Monk who must be the abbot of the jungle, the rest of the members can invite part of the ceremony in other jungle temples. This matter must also be completed before the preaching session.

3. The precepts are divided into three levels and three times, which are called the three altars: the first altar teaches the Sami precepts, which is the busiest business; The two altars teach the precepts of monks, which is the most solemn scene; The three altars teach Bodhisattva precepts, which is the most sacred of the teachings.

After the winter settlement of the 15th of the first month, the guest hall, the meditation hall, the warehouse, the people and the Lipaoliao in the jungle began to prepare for the preaching, including material preparation and personnel arrangement.

The core members of preaching include the Great Monk, Patriarch Capricorn, Patriarch Professors, and seven Patriarch Professors, as well as ten Patriarch Professors, totaling 20. These members must be held by the eminent monk Dade who enjoys a high reputation in Buddhism and is familiar with the laws and rituals. In addition to the Great Monk who must be the abbot of the jungle, the rest of the members can invite part of the ceremony in other jungle temples. This matter must also be completed before the preaching session.

2、 Case of the Three Great Precepts: Hong Kong's Baolian Temple preaches precepts for 220 precepts at home and abroad

Zhuge Changqing invited Dharma Master Xuecheng, Vice President of the Chinese Buddhist Association, to participate in the Baolian Temple in Hong Kong to share relevant information about the three great precepts of 220 disciples at home and abroad.

In the autumn, Hong Kong's Lantau Island is blessed with auspicious winds, surrounded by waves on all sides, and surrounded by forests. The Baolian Buddhist Temple, which is located in the middle of the temple, is decorated with wreaths and chants, and the voice of chanting chants is loud. 220 people from the mainland, Hong Kong, the United States, Singapore, Malaysia and other countries gathered under the Temple of Heaven Buddha to beg for three great precepts (Sami precepts, Picchu precepts, and Bodhisattva precepts).

November 17, 2004 is a happy day for the completion of Bodhisattva precepts.

At about 8:00 a.m., the guard of honor organized by the ring came to the abbot's room to welcome the third division. This time, the Baolian Buddhist Temple welcomed the eminent monks from the mainland, Hong Kong, and other places to be the third division and seven certificates.

The Vice President of the Chinese Buddhist Association, Monk Xue Chengda, is a monk of virtue, the abbot of the Guanyin Temple on Lantau Island, Hong Kong, and the abbot of the Hong Kong Baolian Buddhist Temple, the wise elder, is a professor.

Zhuge Changqing: These three eminent monks form the three divisions of "three divisions and seven certificates".

The first teacher: Dejie - the Great Monk Xuecheng

Second Division: Capricorn Master - Rongling Elder

Third Division: Professor --- Wisdom Elder

After teaching the complete Bodhisattva precepts, the Great Monk Xuecheng presented the precepts with four words: persistence and gratitude. It is the responsibility of a monk to admonish his disciples to keep the precepts, to keep the Bodhisattva heart, to keep the Bodhisattva vows, to keep the Dharma, to continue the wisdom of the Buddha, and to continue the cultivation of the Buddha. The great monk encouraged the ring to repay the state, the three treasures, parents and teachers. At the same time, we should repay the wise monk, the abbot of the Baolian Temple, the second division in the hall, the ceremony guide and the two preface of the Baolian Temple for more than a year's careful preparation work in all aspects, and the permanent volunteers who have silently paid for and provided for everyone, which has achieved the complete merit of the ceremony.

As the abbot and wise elder of the Fangbaolian Buddhist Temple, which is the host of the Three Great Commandments, he has always been committed to promoting Buddhism and promoting social peace, and is the first person to be honored as a monk since Hong Kong opened its port.

The Rongling Elder, who is now 92 years old this year, is hale and hearty. He has spared no effort to carry on the life line of the Buddha. He has earnestly taught the new precepts to follow the precepts of the monks and prosper the Buddha. Especially from November 6 to 8, when teaching the bhikkhu precepts and the precepts on the altar, each altar of the 74 jars of Karmaputra had to read more than 800 words of Karmaputra. The elders were unambiguous, and the altar was clear and clear, like the law.

After the completion of the Bodhisattva precepts, Professor Asharali Wisdom Elder said to the precepts, "We are very happy to make three great precepts for you.". Here are the Temple of Heaven Buddha and the Hall of Ten Thousand Buddhas. One Buddha is born and ten thousand Buddhas are protected. During the retreat, there are ten thousand Buddhas to protect you. I hope you will not forget your original intention, seriously study and promote Buddhism after returning to the permanent temple. We believe that you will become Buddha in the future.

A ring wrote in his diary: "Tomorrow I will be instructed by the monks, and the Karmaputra Li will meticulously lead me to repent before the precept. When I was praying, I thought that I was suffering from all kinds of sufferings because of the troubles and the habit of waiting for the beginning to rob me. Looking back at this life's equal flow, I felt ashamed and didn't feel tears! If I didn't deserve the Buddha dharma, if I didn't obey the master, if I couldn't use the dharma, if I didn't complete the transformation of my life state, and if I turned from greed, hatred and ignorance into precepts and wisdom, when would I wait? I swear to Bodhi Heart, self and self. Vow to be a Bodhisattva and recite it as love. "

During the pre-precept education, Monk Xuecheng earnestly encouraged the monks: for monks, only if they are truly disciplined, can they be truly monks and bodhisattvas. From the mainland and abroad, everyone came to the Baolian Buddhist Temple in Hong Kong to receive the three great precepts of Sami precepts, bhikkhu precepts and Bodhisattva precepts, and to jointly achieve the precepts, which is a very unique cause. During the abstinence period, everyone should have a good heart and a broad heart, repent of their original karma and troubles, stop all bad habits and deeds, and stop all evil thoughts and nausea; Be merciful to all sentient beings. Only by keeping your body clean can you get a clean body.

After climbing on the altar, Master Xianpu, the ring from Beijing, said with emotion: I am extremely happy to be in the altar and observe the ten masters! This world can be disciplined, not only to get happiness from suffering, but also to help all living beings get out of the sea of suffering. Thanks for the careful arrangement of the permanent residence in Baolian Buddhist Temple, listening to the precepts of your great virtues, I feel that I have grown up, and I also shoulder a heavy responsibility.

This time, the three great precepts were divided into two monks, 120 men and 100 women. The Women's Department is located in the French Chinese Academy. The suspension period is from October 23 to November 20, 2014.

It is understood that in 1925, the Baolian Buddhist Temple held the "preaching in autumn" for the first time. It has always followed the ancestral system and preached the precepts every three years. The opening group of the three great precepts invited by the Baolian Buddhist Temple to preach the precepts is the monks of the Putuo Temple in North Liaoning Province. They have learned precepts from the Pingxing Temple in Mount Taimu for many years. They have bound up and taught as the law and integrity. During the one-month precepts meeting, they strictly required the precepts, formulated the precepts, and taught as the law. The ceremony invites the venerable Dharma Master to teach all kinds of majesty, repentance, and precepts, including the aspects of clothing, incense, walking, living, sitting, and sleeping, and learning the lessons of majesty, chanting, and precepts that a monk should have.

After listening to the precepts education course of Master Jingyin, the Secretary-General of the Hong Kong Baolian Temple, a precept said: The teachings of Master Jingyin have many interactions and a good atmosphere, which triggered my thinking about the way of holding precepts. The Dharma Master said that we should make the precepts more suitable for this era, give them new life, and enable them to play a practical role in the monks and Buddhists. Temples should not be "ruled by man", but "ruled by law", and should not be autocratic, but should be based on people's livelihood, so that the temple affairs can be orderly, the monks and nuns can be united, and the chanting of precepts can not be formal, but should have spiritual connotation. If you want to get the precept, you need to have real feelings in your heart and make a wish to be merciful in all situations.

The great monk of the father said: "Thank you very much for the support of the Elder Chuanyin and the Great Monk Xuecheng of the Chinese Buddhist Association. It's a great pleasure to interact with the Great Monk Xuecheng this time, and get the Great Monk's blessing. Today's Bodhisattva precepts are the climax of the precepts. The sun is bright and the weather is very good. The ceremony teachers are very hard, but they set an example by heart and teach, from wearing robes and clothes, exhibition, eating bowl rice, climbing the altar, teaching the precepts of bhikkhu, Sami, and Bodhisattva, which are very successful." The ring people study hard. Some ring people have colds and bad health, but they have overcome it. They are full of energy and have achieved the expected results. Everyone is very hard, but they are full of happiness. "

The mandala of this retreat was set up in the Ten Thousand Buddhas Hall of the Baolian Buddhist Temple, which was just completed recently. The Hall of Ten Thousand Buddhas has a total of five floors and a building area of about 6000 square meters. It integrates the functions of promoting Buddhism, preaching, meditation, Tibetan scriptures and displaying Buddhist culture, art and sculpture. The temple and the Temple of Heaven Buddha echo each other. The precept hall located in the Hall of Ten Thousand Buddhas is equipped with a permanent altar, which is mainly used to hold the precept ceremony and continue the wisdom of Buddha.

During the retreat, more than 200 followers also participated in and witnessed the opening ceremony of the completion of the Ten Thousand Buddhas Hall of the Baolian Temple, the inauguration ceremony of the Puchu Hall and the opening of the Zhao Puchu Thought Seminar, the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Baolian Temple, and the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the Hong Kong Buddhist Association. The Missionary Dharma Conference was held at a time when Hong Kong occupied the middle and was in some turbulence. It was a positive energy to the society.

In order to successfully hold the three great precepts, the wise elder, the abbot of the Baolian Buddhist Temple, and the first Dharma Master Jianzhao led the delegation to Beijing twice last year to visit the Chinese Buddhist Association, the National Religious Bureau, the United Front Office, and the Longquan Temple to discuss the issues related to the teaching of the three great precepts held at the Baolian Buddhist Temple in Hong Kong. When receiving the visit of the delegation from the Baolian Buddhist Temple, the Elder Chuanyin of the China Buddhist Association expressed his appreciation for the efforts made by the Baolian Buddhist Temple in Hong Kong over the years in promoting Buddhism and benefiting life. The preaching work of the Baolian Temple has received strong support from all parties. The compassion and aspiration of the wise elders and the careful preparation for the permanent residence of the Baolian Temple have ensured the successful holding of the preaching meeting.

The Baolian Buddhist Temple and the Chinese Buddhist Association also have deep karma. In 1979, Elder Yuanhui and Elder Wisdom led a group of 20 Buddhist monks from Hong Kong to visit the mainland, which was warmly welcomed by Zhao Puchu, the former president of the Chinese Buddhist Association, and others. This trip is of great significance to the formal establishment of religious ties between China and Hong Kong. The Chinese Buddhist Association presented a rare copy of the Tripitaka, "Dragon Collection", totaling 7173 volumes to the Baolian Temple. In 1982, the Baolian Buddhist Temple welcomed the Tibetan scripture delegation to Beijing to welcome the "Dragon Collection", and Zhao Pulao presided over the ceremony. In October, the Chinese Buddhist Association sent a "Dragon Tibet" escort group led by the vice president, Master Juzan, to Hong Kong. The Baolian Buddhist Temple and the Hong Kong Buddhist Federation held a grand ceremony to welcome the Tibetan scriptures.

At the end of the 1980s, after visiting the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, the abbot of Hong Kong's Baolian Buddhist Temple, Saint-I Elder and the wise elder of the Imperial Academy, decided to build a giant Buddha on Lantau Island, which was modeled after the Temple of Heaven. After the completion of the Buddha seat, the construction of the Great Buddha was stranded due to lack of funds. Later, the Japanese proposed to cast it for free, and the Baolian Buddhist Temple reluctantly prepared to agree. Before signing the agreement, Zhao Pulao heard about it and immediately called overnight to stop it. The Baolian Temple declined the Japanese side and immediately sent people to Beijing to discuss. Finally, under the coordination of Zhao Pulao, we finally raised money for the Baolian Buddhist Temple through fund-raising and other methods. When the Buddha opened, Zhao Puchu delivered a speech describing the construction of the Buddha as great in heart and art, and its artistic achievements could be comparable with the statues of Yungang and Longmen.

(Reference for this article: the network information of the Three Great Commandments Buddhism, and the Sina blog information of Master Xuecheng)

阿弥陀佛、遵守戒律，止恶行善，是精进修行飞跃的关键。

---- 诸葛长青

   南无阿弥陀佛。

   南无本师释迦牟尼佛。

   福生无量天尊。

   很多有缘者看佛经书籍、看宣化上人等讲解佛法的时候，都会看到一个名词--“三坛大戒”。

   那么什么是“三坛大戒"呢？

   诸葛长青把有关三坛大戒的基础知识分享有缘者：

   一、什么是三坛大戒。

   1、三坛大戒基本定义：佛教三坛大戒，是中国大乘佛教“沙弥戒、比丘戒、菩萨戒”“三坛大戒”授戒仪式的总称。

    佛教认为，作一位戒行具足的比丘或比丘尼，除了要有崇信佛法的坚定信念和恪守清规的顽强意志外，首先必须经过佛教戒律中规定的程序。即在剃度出家后的几年或更长时间，履行受“沙弥戒、比丘戒、菩萨戒”“三坛大戒”的隆重仪式。
   诸葛长青认为，三坛大戒，就是通过佛家隆重的传授“沙弥戒、比丘戒、菩萨戒”三种戒律仪式，使出家人更加坚定弘法信念，精进修行的一种方法。接受三坛大戒，也是出家人修行飞跃的重要助力。

   正如学诚大和尚殷切勉励香港接受三坛大戒的戒子说：对于出家人来说，只有真正受了戒，才是名符其实的比丘、菩萨。大家受沙弥戒、比丘戒、菩萨戒三坛大戒，共同成就戒会，是很殊胜的因缘。在戒期期间，大家要好好发心，发广大心，忏悔自己无始以来的业障、烦恼障，止息一切恶习恶行，止息一切恶念恶心；对一切的众生要起慈悲心。让自己的身器清净，才能够求受到清净的戒体。

   2 、三坛大戒需要“三师七证”才可以举行

    三坛大戒，仪式庄严，一般需要“三师七证”方可以举行，才算圆满。

   此“三师七证”之制，乃就佛教盛行，人口稠密之地区所立；若在边地僧众不多之处，则仅须“三师二证”。据《毗尼母经》卷四所载，迦旃延于阿畔提国为比丘授戒时，由于堪为戒师的僧众不足，费时十二年始得受具，故佛陀许以边地五师具足即可。此外，受五戒时仅须和尚一人，受十戒时只须和尚与羯磨阿阇梨二人即可。至于大乘菩萨戒法在原则上以释迦为和尚，文殊为羯磨师，弥勒为教授师，一切如来为尊证师。而实际行事则是仅由一名传授师任教授阿阇梨即可。此见湛然《授菩萨戒仪》等书。

   为何需要“三师七证”？诸葛长青研究资料认为，这样做是确保三坛大戒的圆满正轨。

   什么是“三师七证”？三师七证，是“三师”与“七证师”的并称。

   “三师”指戒和尚、羯磨师、教授师；“七证”指七位莅临证明的戒师；合称为十师或十僧指僧尼受具足戒时，戒场必须具足的戒师人数。又称十师、十僧。
   三师是三种功德具足的大和尚师傅：1、得戒师：指正授戒律的和尚。乃比丘得戒的根本及其归投处，故必至诚三请之。凡担任戒和尚者，其戒腊须在十年以上，并严守戒法，具足智慧，堪能教授弟子。2、羯摩师：即读羯磨文的阿阇梨，主持白四羯磨授戒仪式。羯磨师为诸比丘受戒的正缘，若无羯磨师秉承圣法，则法界善法无从生起。担任此职者，其戒腊须在五年以上。3、教授师：即教授威仪作法，为众人引导开解者。其戒腊亦须在五年以上。
   七证师则是证明受戒的莅会比丘。凡此十师均须于受戒前恭请之。

   出家众受具足戒时，戒场中应具足的戒师人数。依教制，若不具备十师，不得传授戒法，因此戒子于受戒前，必先迎请十师，此称为请师法。《传戒正范》卷二指出︰“和尚、二阿阇黎并须如法，七僧为证，皆清净明晓。若无和尚，若十僧不满，皆不成就。”又云︰“欲授具足大戒，必须三师水乳，一界六和。”可见除了人数须具足十人之外，戒师必须‘如法’与‘清净明晓’，诸师之间必须相互和谐，如同水乳。这样才算是戒场中师资条件的圆满。

   三师中的“得戒师”，俗称得戒和尚，也称戒和尚。这是传戒仪式的核心人物，也是戒子所受戒法的传授者；此师须具戒腊十夏以上、本身严守戒法、智慧具足，堪能教授弟子。诸葛长青备注：戒腊又作法腊、夏腊、坐腊。指僧侣受具足戒以后之年数。严格意义上是指僧侣受具足戒以后坐夏、安居的年数，没有安居不算一腊。根据释氏要览卷下载，比丘以夏安居之最后一日（七月十五日）为受腊日，自此而有法岁，十六日则为新岁岁首。僧侣之长幼顺序即依戒腊之多寡而定；受戒年数未久者，则称浅腊。另有一说，谓法腊乃指剃度以后之年数，戒腊为受具足戒以后之年数。

   三师中的“羯磨师”，又称羯磨阿阇梨，指受戒时行羯磨作法的戒师。

  三师中的“教授师”又称教授阿阇梨，指受戒时讲说戒德、教示威仪的戒师。羯磨、教授二者都必须戒腊五夏以上。诸葛长青：阿弥陀佛。这里提到的“阿阇黎”是什么意思？阿阇黎。梵语也。相当于弟子导师。义译轨范师。阿闍黎又作阿舍梨、阿阇梨、阿只利、阿遮利耶。略称阇梨。意译为轨范师、正行、悦众、应可行、应供养、教授、智贤、传授。意即教授弟子，使之行为端正合宜，而自身又堪为弟子楷模之师，故又称导师。。

   “七证”是莅会证明羯磨（传戒作法）之确实无谬的戒师。《四分律行事钞》卷上之三〈请师法〉条下云︰‘初请和尚者，以是得戒根本，若无此人，承习莫由，阙于示导不相生长，必须请之。’解‘羯磨师’云︰‘羯磨戒师阿阇梨者，受戒正缘，若无此人秉于圣法，则法界善法无由得生。’解‘教授师’云‘由此人为汝教授引导开解，令至僧中，发汝具戒缘起方便并因此师。’解‘七证’师云︰‘以羯磨法非是独秉，必取此人证无错谬，若论发戒功，与三师齐德。’诸葛长青：七证，就是来为三坛大戒的合法规范作证明。

   作一位戒行具足的比丘或比丘尼，除了要有崇信佛法的坚定信念和恪守清规的顽强意志外，首先必须经过佛教戒律中规定的程序。即在剃度出家后的几年或更长时间，履行受沙弥戒、比丘戒、菩萨戒“三坛大戒”的隆重仪式。这种仪式都在各大丛林举行。这些丛林设置有专为佛门弟子传戒的戒堂和戒坛。

   对于丛林的方丈大和尚采说，称为传戒；对于子孙庙的求成者来说，称为受戒；三坛大戒各地丛林的传戒法会，在时间安排上有不同，或每年三坛大戒
三坛大戒举行，或隔年举行，或三年举行一次。会期也各异，或在春天，或在秋天，或在冬天。而大多选择在佛诞日阴历四月初八前后的二十五天内，即从三月十六日开始，四月初十结束。这段时间正值春暮夏初，气候温和；又刚好在结夏之前，是丛林一年中的闲暇之时。会期过后几天，丛林即开始夏安居了。

   3、传戒分为三级三次，称为三坛：即初坛传授沙弥戒，是事务最繁忙的；二坛传授比丘戒，是场面最隆重的；三坛传授菩萨戒，是教仪最神圣的。

   过了正月十五日冬安居解制以后，丛林的客堂、禅堂、库房、大家和衣钵寮，便开始为传戒作准备，包括物资上的筹办和人员的安排。

   传戒的核心成员有传戒大和尚、羯磨阿闍黎、教授阿闍黎和七位尊证阿闍黎，还有十位引礼大德，共计二十位。这些成员都必须由在佛门中享有盛誉、熟悉律仪的高僧大德担任。除了传戒大和尚必须由、本丛林的方丈和尚担任外，其余成员可以在别的丛林寺院礼请一部分，这件事也必须在传戒会期前办妥。

    二、三坛大戒案例：香港宝莲禅寺为海内外220位戒子传戒侧记
   诸葛长青将中国佛教协会副会长学诚法师参加香港宝莲禅寺为海内外220位戒子三坛大戒有关资料分享有缘者。
   秋季的香港大屿山和风吉祥，四面海波，层林尽染，坐落其间的宝莲禅寺华盖璎珞装饰、梵呗声声嘹亮，来自内地、香港、美国、新加坡、马来西亚等海内外220位戒子云集天坛大佛座下，求受三坛大戒（沙弥戒、比丘戒、菩萨戒）。
   2004年11月17日是圆满菩萨戒的欢喜日子。

   清晨八时许，由戒子组织的仪仗队恭至方丈室迎请三师，此次戒会宝莲禅寺迎请了内地、香港等地德高望众高僧为三师七证。
    中国佛教协会驻会副会长学诚大和尚为得戒和尚、香港大屿山观音寺方丈融灵长老为羯磨阿阇黎、香港宝莲禅寺方丈智慧长老为教授阿阇黎。

   诸葛长青：这三位高僧组成了“三师七证”的三师。

    第一师：得戒师---学诚大和尚

   第二师：羯磨师---融灵长老

   第三师：教授师---智慧长老
   传授圆满菩萨戒后，学诚大和尚赠送戒子四字教授：坚持、感恩。告诫戒子受了菩萨戒，尽未来际要坚持持戒，坚持发菩提心，坚持发菩萨大愿，坚持住持佛法、续佛慧命、绍隆佛种，这是作为一个出家人的责任之所在。大和尚鼓励戒子要报国家恩，报三宝恩，报父母恩，报师长恩。同时要报答戒场宝莲禅寺方丈智慧大和尚、堂上二师及引礼师、宝莲禅寺两序大众一年多来在各个方面周密的筹备工作，及常住义工默默为大家付出、供养，成就了这次戒会的圆满功德。 
   作为此次三坛大戒举办方宝莲禅寺的方丈智慧长老，一直以来致力于佛法弘扬、促进社会和平，是香港开埠以来受勋比丘第一人。

     担任此次羯磨阿阇黎的融灵长老今年已经92岁了，长老精神矍铄，为了佛法的命脉传持而不辞辛劳，语重心长地教导新戒要听从戒和尚的教诫，兴隆佛法。特别是在11月6日至8日传授比丘戒、坛上授戒时，74坛，羯磨阿阇黎每一坛都要宣读羯磨文800多字，长老毫不含糊，坛坛清晰明了、如法如律。
   教授阿阇黎智慧长老在圆满菩萨戒后对戒子开示道：我们宝莲禅寺很高兴为大家成就三坛大戒。这里有天坛大佛和万佛宝殿，一佛出世，万佛护持。在戒会当中，有万佛护持大家，希望大家回到常住寺院以后，不忘初衷，认真修学，弘扬佛法。我们相信大家未来一定能够成佛。

    一位戒子在日记中写到：“明日就要受比丘戒，羯磨阿阇黎一丝不苟的带动戒前忏悔。我在拜忏时，想到因无始劫来的烦恼、等流习气所使，备受诸苦而未曾脱免，反观今生之等流，惭愧难当，不觉涕下！若不值遇佛法，若不依止师父，若学法不能用法，若今生不完成生命状态之转化，转贪嗔痴成戒定慧，更待何时？誓发菩提心，自度及度他。誓行菩萨行，念念为有情。”
   在戒前教育开示时，学诚大和尚殷切勉励戒子：对于出家人来说，只有真正受了戒，才是名符其实的比丘、菩萨。大家从内地、国外来到香港宝莲禅寺求受沙弥戒、比丘戒、菩萨戒三坛大戒，共同成就戒会，是很殊胜的因缘。在戒期期间，大家要好好发心，发广大心，忏悔自己无始以来的业障、烦恼障，止息一切恶习恶行，止息一切恶念恶心；对一切的众生要起慈悲心。让自己的身器清净，才能够求受到清净的戒体。
   来自北京的戒子贤朴法师登坛后感慨道：身在戒坛、眼观十师，内心无比喜悦！这一世能受戒，不仅自己离苦得乐，还能帮助众生脱离苦海。感恩宝莲禅寺常住精心安排，聆听诸位大德开示戒律，感到自己成长了，同时肩上也扛起一份沉甸甸的责任。
   此次三坛大戒分为二僧部，男众新戒120人，女众新戒100人。女众部设在法华院。戒期自2014年10月23日至11月20日。
   据了解，一九二五年，宝莲禅寺首次举行“秋期传戒”，一直依循祖制，每隔三年传戒。宝莲禅寺此次三坛大戒邀请传戒的开堂班子为辽宁北普陀寺的僧众，他们从太姆山平兴寺学戒多年，结界、教导如法、正气，在为期一个月的戒会期间，严格要求戒子，制定戒坛规约，如法如律授戒。礼请德高望重的法师教导各项威仪、忏摩、戒律，包括从衣着、上香、行、住、坐、卧等方面，学习出家人应有的威仪、诵经、戒律等课程。
   在聆听了香港宝莲寺秘书长净因法师的得戒教育课程后，一位戒子说：净因法师的开示，互动多，气氛好，引发了我对持戒方式的思考。法师说，要让戒律更契合这个时代，赋予其新的生命，使其能够在僧团、在佛教徒中发挥实际作用。寺庙不能“人治”，而应“律治”，不能独裁，而应民生，从而使寺务有序，僧团和合，诵戒不能徒具形式，应有精神内涵。欲得戒体，需内心有真切感触，发愿于一切境上起慈愍心。
   开堂大师父道极大和尚说：“非常感谢中国佛教协会传印长老和学诚大和尚的支持，这次很高兴能与学诚大和尚互动，并得到大和尚加被。今天受菩萨戒，是戒期中最高潮的一天，阳光明媚，天气非常好。引礼师们都很辛苦，但以身作则，用心教诫，从穿袍搭衣、展具、吃钵饭、登坛、传授比丘戒、沙弥戒、菩萨戒，很殊胜。新戒们用心学习，有些戒子有感冒的，有身体不好的，但是大家都克服了，都是精神饱满，完成了预期的效果。大家非常辛苦，但都是法喜充满。”
   此次戒会的坛场设立在前不久刚刚落成的宝莲禅寺万佛宝殿内。万佛宝殿共五层，建筑面积约6000平方米，集弘扬佛法、传戒、禅修、藏经和展示佛教文化、艺术、雕塑等功能于一体。宝殿与天坛大佛相互呼应。位于万佛宝殿的戒堂设有永久戒坛，主要用以举行传戒仪式，续佛慧命。
   戒会期间，200多戒子也共同参与见证了宝莲禅寺万佛宝殿建成开光、朴初堂揭牌仪式暨赵朴初思想研讨会开幕、宝莲禅寺建寺100周年、香港佛教联合会成立七十周年等活动。传戒法会正值香港占中、有些动荡的时期举行,给社会传递的是一种正能量。
   为了能顺利圆满举办三坛大戒，宝莲禅寺方丈智慧长老、首座健钊法师于去年带团先后两次到北京拜访中佛协、国宗局、统战部、龙泉寺，就本次香港宝莲禅寺举行传授三坛大戒法会等有关事项进行商谈。中佛协会长传印长老在接待宝莲禅寺一行到访时，对香港宝莲禅寺多年来在弘法利生方面所做的努力表示赞赏。宝莲禅寺传戒工作取得各方的大力支持，智慧长老的悲心宏愿和宝莲禅寺常住的精心筹备，保证了此次戒会圆满顺利举办。
   宝莲禅寺与中国佛教协会也有着深厚的因缘。1979年，源慧长老、智慧长老率领香港佛教僧团一行20人回内地访问，受到中国佛教协会原会长赵朴初等人的热烈欢迎。此行对中港两地宗教正式建立联系有重要的意义。中国佛教协会送赠大藏经珍本《龙藏》一部，共7173卷给宝莲禅寺。1982年，宝莲禅寺迎请大藏经代表团到北京，迎请《龙藏》，赵朴老主持赠经仪式。10月，中国佛教协会派出以副会长巨赞法师率领的《龙藏》护送团抵达香港。宝莲禅寺与香港佛教联合会举行了盛大的迎接大藏经仪式。
   上个世纪八十年代末，香港宝莲禅寺住持圣一长老和监院智慧长老到北京天坛参观后，决定在大屿山建造一尊大佛，佛座仿照天坛设计。佛座建成后，大佛的建造却因缺乏资金而搁浅了。后来日本人提出由他们无偿铸造，宝莲禅寺无奈之下准备同意。签协定前，赵朴老听说此事，立即连夜打电话阻止。宝莲禅寺于是谢绝了日方，马上派人到北京商议。最后在赵朴老的协调下，通过募捐等办法，终于为宝莲禅寺筹齐了款。大佛开光时，赵朴初致词形容大佛的建造是发心伟大、艺术伟大，其艺术成就可与云岗、龙门造像媲美。

（本文资料参考：三坛大戒佛学网络资料、学诚法师新浪博客资料）

   (This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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