Tang Bohu, an unromantic scholar, converted to Buddhism in his later years

不风流才子唐伯虎：晚年皈依学佛

We need to correct the name of Tang Bohu. He is an outstanding and unruly scholar who converted to Buddhism in his later years.

-----Zhuge Changqing

Tong Pak Fu is a well-known talent.

There is a real man in history. He was born in the Ming Dynasty.

People say he is a romantic talent.

Zhuge Changqing studied the history and believed that Tong Pak-hu was a first-class talent, but not a romantic talent.

Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhengming and Xu Zhenqing are known as the four talents of Jiangnan. They lived together in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province during the Ming Dynasty.

Tang Yin (1470-1523), with the word "Bo Hu" and the word "Zi Wei", has the number of "Liu Ru Ju Shi", "Peach Blossom Nunnery Master", "Tang Sheng of the State of Lu", and "Escaping Zen Immortal".

Why is it called Tang Yin?

It is said that he was born in the sixth year of Chenghua, Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty, in the year of Gengyin, in the year of Yinyue, in the day of Yinshi. There are four Yins in the eight characters of his birthday, so he was named Tang Yin.

Tang Bohu was born in Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty. He came from a merchant family. His father was Tang Guangde, and his mother was Qiu.

In his youth, Tong Pak Fu was unrestrained and unrestrained, but it was a pity that he was gifted with wisdom.

Zhuge Changqing believed that talents like Tang Bohu were generally reincarnated from heaven. Although brilliant, they are often unwilling to be restrained. When encountering setbacks, Tong Pak Fu is discouraged. In fact, he should persevere and strive. For this reason, Tong Pak Fu's life is a little wasteful.

In his later years, Tong Pak-hu also found this matter. After some Buddhists pointed it out, he regretted that he was confused, confused and wasted a great life. So, he suddenly realized life and converted to Buddhism.

Zhuge Changqing: Tang Bohu, in his later years, called himself "Liu Ru Ju Shi". The "Six Rus" is taken from the "Vajra Sutra", which states that "all things can be done, such as dreams and bubbles, like dew and electricity, and should be viewed as such". The seal of the autonomous party is "Escaping Buddhist Immortals".

1、 Tong Pak Fu was born intelligent and learned Buddhism in his later years.

Tong Pak Fu has been clever since childhood. When he was over 20 years old, his family suffered a series of misfortunes. His parents, wife and sister died one after another, and his family was in decline. He was exhorted by his friend Zhu Yunming to devote himself to reading.

The 16-year-old scholar won the first place in the exam,

At the age of 29, he participated in the Yingtianfu public examination and won the first prize "Jieyuan".

At the age of 30, he went to Beijing for the test and was originally the first champion. However, he was implicated in the corruption case at the examination hall and was dismissed as an official.

Since then, he was determined to forge ahead and made a living selling paintings.

Zhuge Changqing: Tang Bohu is born intelligent and can be called a genius. When experiencing setbacks, we should strengthen confidence and use wisdom to solve problems, and should not react negatively. Dialectically, it would be better if Tang Bohu had been exposed to Buddhism earlier. Buddhism is positive and wise. True Buddhism is to make people happier and have a better insight into life.

In the ninth year of Zhengde (1514), he went to Nanchang at the request of Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ning, for more than half a year. Later, he realized that the king of Ning was scheming, so he pretended to be crazy and even ran wildly in the street to get away from it. In his later years, he lived in poverty and died of illness at the age of 54.

Although Tang Bohu is a talented painter with outstanding talent and ambition, his cynical and arrogant character is not suitable for this society. He died at the age of 54. The last poem he wrote on his deathbed revealed his unforgettable complex feelings of nostalgia for the world and hatred for the world: "It's okay to live in the world and die in the world. The world and the world are similar, so we should only wander in a foreign country."

Zhuge Changqing: Tang Bohu's poems in his later years reflect that he has not really understood Buddhism. Zhuge Changqing believes that Buddhism is positive but not negative, so Tong Pak Fu should not be negative but should face it with a smile. If a high-level Buddhist sage enlightened him to learn Buddhism, his life would become more festive. Therefore, there are many people who study Buddhism, but there are few wise people who study Buddhism. In fact, in the face of the slander of others in the exam room dance case, he could completely ask the emperor to ask questions again, rewrite the article himself, and write the exam paper on the spot in front of the emperor. Dialectically, Tang Bohu learned Buddhism a little late, but after all, he basically understood Buddhism. In general, the seeds of becoming Buddha have been planted.

He is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. His landscapes were painted by Zhou subjects in the early years, and then changed after learning from Li Tang and Liu Songnian. His paintings of mountains and mountains are heavy and complex, with small axes and chaps. They are majestic and precipitous, while the ink is fine, the layout is sparse, and the style is elegant and handsome. Most of the figure paintings are ladies and historical stories, which follow the tradition of the Tang Dynasty, with clear and fine lines, bright and elegant colors, beautiful posture and accurate modeling; It is also a freehand figure, with simple and comprehensive pen and interesting. Its flower and bird paintings are better than ink freehand brushwork, free and easy, and elegant in style. In addition to painting, Tang Yin also works in calligraphy, taking Zhao Mengfu's style as his calligraphy style. There are paintings such as "The Painting of Homecoming on the Donkey", "The Painting of Pine Sound on the Mountain Road", "The Painting of Things and Tea", "The Painting of Autumn Fan" and so on.

Tang Yin also made great achievements in literature. Industrial poems and articles, which are mostly about travel, painting and sentimental works, are used to express the wild and arrogant mood, as well as feelings about the bleakness of the world. They are written in slang and slang, which is easy to understand and meaningful. He was the author of the "Collection of Six Ru Jushi", and the Qing Dynasty compiled the "Complete Collection of Six Ru Jushi".

我们要为唐伯虎正名翻案，他是杰出的不风流才子，晚年皈依佛教。

----- 诸葛长青

  　唐伯虎，是大家熟悉的一个才子。

   历史上确有其人，他出生在明朝。

    人们都说他是风流才子。

   诸葛长青研究历史认为，唐伯虎是一流才子，但不是风流才子。

    唐伯虎和祝枝山、文征明、徐祯卿四人并称为江南四大才子，他们共同生活在明代时的江苏苏州。

     唐寅（1470—1523），字伯虎，一字子畏，号六如居士、桃花庵主、鲁国唐生、逃禅仙吏等。

    为什么称为唐寅呢？

   传说他生于明宪宗成化六年庚寅年寅月寅日寅时生，生辰八字中有四个寅，所以取名为唐寅。

   唐伯虎生于明朝苏州，出身商人家庭，父亲唐广德，母亲邱氏。

   唐伯虎青年时候潇洒自如、无拘无束，可惜了天赐智慧。

    诸葛长青认为，唐伯虎这样的人才，一般是天上神仙投胎。虽然才华横溢，但是往往不愿意被拘束。当遇到挫折的时候，唐伯虎就灰心丧气了，实际上应当持之以恒的而去奋斗。为此，唐伯虎的人生有点浪费。

    唐伯虎晚年的时候，也发现了这件事情，在一些学佛者指点之后，后悔的说：糊涂啊、糊涂，浪费了大好人生。于是，顿悟人生，于是皈依了佛教。

    诸葛长青：唐伯虎晚年自号“六如居士”。“六如”取自《金刚经》中“一切有为法，如梦幻泡影，如露亦如电，应作如是观”。自治一方印章“逃禅仙吏”。

    一、唐伯虎天生聪慧、晚年顿悟学佛。

   唐伯虎自幼聪明伶俐。20余岁时家中连遭不幸，父母、妻子、妹妹相继去世，家境衰败，在好友祝允明的规劝下潜心读书。

   16岁秀才考试得第一名，

   29岁参加应天府公试，得中第一名“解元”。   

   30岁赴京会试，本来是第一名状元。却受考场舞弊案牵连，被斥为吏。

   此后遂绝意进取，以卖画为生。

   诸葛长青：唐伯虎天生聪慧、可谓奇才。经受挫折的时候，应当坚定信心、运用智慧化解问题，不应当消极应对。辩证的看，如果唐伯虎早接触佛法，会更好一些。佛法是积极的、是大智慧的。真正的佛教，是让人更幸福，更能顿悟人生。

   正德九年（1514年）曾应宁王朱宸濠之请赴南昌半年余，后察觉宁王图谋不轨，遂装疯甚至在大街上狂奔才得以脱身而归。晚年生活困顿，54岁因为生病而去世。

　　历史上的唐伯虎尽管才华出众，有理想抱负，是位天才的画家，但他那愤世嫉俗的狂傲性格不容于这个社会。他54岁去世。他临终时写的绝笔诗，就表露了他刻骨铭心的留恋人间而又愤恨厌世的复杂心情：“生在阳间有散场，死归地府又何妨。阳间地府俱相似，只当飘流在异乡。”

    诸葛长青：唐伯虎晚年诗，体现了他还没有真正理解佛教。诸葛长青认为，佛教是积极的却不是消极的，所以唐伯虎不应当消极反而应当微笑着面对。如果有高层次的学佛智者给他开导学佛的话，他的人生就会变得更喜庆一些。所以，学佛的人多，但是学佛的智慧者还是少啊。实际上，面对考场舞弊案别人的诋毁，他完全可以重新让皇帝出题目，自己重新写文章，可以面对皇帝当场写出考试卷。辩证的看，唐伯虎学佛有一些晚，但是毕竟基本了解了佛教。总起来讲，是种下了成佛的种子的。

　　擅山水、人物、花鸟，其山水早年随周臣学画，后师法李唐、刘松年，加以变化，画中山重岭复，以小斧劈皴为之，雄伟险峻，而笔墨细秀，布局疏朗，风格秀逸清俊。人物画多为仕女及历史故事，师承唐代传统，线条清细，色彩艳丽清雅，体态优美，造型准确；亦工写意人物，笔简意赅，饶有意趣。其花鸟画，长于水墨写意，洒脱随意，格调秀逸。除绘画外，唐寅亦工书法，取法赵孟頫，书风奇峭俊秀。有《骑驴思归图》、《山路松声图》、《事茗图》、《秋风纨扇图》等绘画作品传世。

　　唐寅文学上亦富有成就。工诗文，其诗多纪游、题画、感怀之作，以表达狂放和孤傲的心境，以及对世态炎凉的感慨，以俚语、俗语入诗，通俗易懂，语浅意隽。著《六如居士集》，清人辑有《六如居士全集》。

    二、唐伯虎生平故事

 　唐寅祖籍晋昌，即现在山西晋城一带，所以在他的书画落款中，往往写的是“晋昌唐寅”四字。北宋时唐氏家族南迁，开始来到南京、苏州经商。

   唐寅就出生在苏州府吴县吴趋里一个商人家庭。唐寅一生共有三位妻子，十九岁时娶徐氏，是徐廷瑞的次女，但在他大约廿四岁的时候病逝。后来可能又娶有一室，但碰到科场弊案的牵累而离去。后娶沈氏，或名九娘，唐伯虎自幼天资聪敏，熟读四书、五经，并博览史籍，16岁秀才考试得第一名，轰动了整个苏州城，二十九岁到南京参加乡试，又中第一名解元。正当他踌躇满志，第二年赴京会试时，因牵涉科场舞弊案而交恶运。

　　“会试泄题案”，一般说法是，与他同路赶考的江阴巨富之子徐经，暗中贿赂了主考官的家僮，事先得到试题。事情败露，唐寅也受牵连下狱。

  是年京城会试主考官是程敏政和李东阳。两人都是饱学之士，试题出得十分冷僻，使很多应试者答不上来。其中惟有两张试卷，不仅答题贴切，且文辞优雅，使程敏政高兴得脱口而出：“这两张卷子定是唐寅和徐经的。”这句话被在场人听见并传了出来。

  唐寅和徐经到京城后多次拜访过程敏政，特别在他被钦定为主考官之后唐寅还请他为自己的一本诗集作序。这已在别人心中产生怀疑。这次又听程敏政在考场这样说，就给平时忌恨他的人抓到了把柄。

   一帮人纷纷启奏皇上，均称程敏政受贿泄题，若不严加追查，将有失天下读书人之心。孝宗皇帝信以为真，十分恼怒，立即下旨不准程敏政阅卷，凡由程敏政阅过的卷子均由李东阳复阅，将程敏政、唐寅和徐经押入大理寺狱，派专人审理。徐经入狱后经不起严刑拷打，招认他用一块金子买通程敏政的亲随，窃取试题泄露给唐寅。后刑部、吏部会审，徐经又推翻自己供词，说那是屈打成招。皇帝下旨“平反”，程敏政出狱后，愤懑不平发痈而卒。唐寅出狱后，被谪往浙江为小吏。唐寅耻不就任。

　　关于这场会试泄题案，记载很多，说法不一。实际上这是统治阶级内部斗争的结果。《明史·程敏政传》云：“或言敏政之狱，傅瀚欲夺其位，令昶奏之，事秘莫能明也。”但毫无疑问，这一事件对唐寅来说是极其严重的。从此唐寅绝意仕途。归家后纵酒浇愁，游历名山大川，决心以诗文书画终其一生。

　　明弘治十三年（1500），唐寅离开苏州，坐船到达镇江，从镇江到扬州，游览瘦西湖、平山堂等名胜。然后又坐船沿长江过芜湖、九江，到庐山。庐山雄伟壮观的景象，给唐寅留下深刻的印象。在他以后的绘画作品中被充分地反映了出来。他又乘船溯江而上到了黄州，看到赤壁之战遗址。唐寅的《赤壁图》即依此所画。后又南行入湖南，登岳阳楼，游洞庭湖。又南行登南岳衡山。再入福建，漫游武夷诸名山和仙游县九鲤湖。唐寅由闽转浙，游雁荡山、天台山，又渡海去普陀，再沿富春江、新安江上溯，抵达安徽，上黄山与九华山。此时唐寅囊中已罄，只得返回苏州。唐寅千里壮游，历时9个多月，踏遍名山大川，为后来作画增添了不少素材。

　　返回苏州，家中非常清贫，妻子大吵大闹，终于离他而去。他住在吴趋坊巷口临街的一座小楼中，以丹青自娱，靠卖文鬻画为生。他在一首诗中写道：“不炼金丹不坐禅，不为商贾不耕田。闲来写幅丹青卖，不使人间造孽钱。”以表其淡泊名利、专事自由读书卖画生涯之志。

    唐寅三十六岁时选中城北桃花坞，建了一优雅清闲的家园，度其清狂生活。桃花坞原是宋人章庄简的别墅，但经风雨沧桑，早成一片废墟。不过这里景色宜人，环境十分幽静，一曲清溪婉蜒流过，溪边几株野桃衰柳，一丘土坡，很有几分山野之趣。第二年唐寅用卖画的钱建成了桃花坞别墅。虽只几间茅屋，檐下却悬着雅致的室名“学圃堂”、“梦墨亭”、“蛱蝶斋”等匾额。唐寅一生酷爱桃花，别墅取名“桃花庵”，自号“桃花庵主”并作《桃花庵歌》：“桃花仙人种桃树，又摘桃花换酒钱。酒醒只在花前坐，酒醉还来花下眠。半醉半醒日复日，花落花开年复年。……”春日，园内花开如锦，他邀请沈周、祝允明、文徵明等来此饮酒赋诗，挥毫作画，尽欢而散。。“日般饮其中，客来便共饮，去不问，醉便颓寝。”此时唐寅过得清闲而超脱。

　　明正德九年（1514），他被明宗室宁王以重金征聘到南昌，后发现身陷宁王政治阴谋之中，遂佯装疯癫，脱身回归故里，后来宁王起兵反叛朝廷被平定，唐寅幸而逃脱了杀身之祸，但也引起不少麻烦，从此思想渐趋消沉，转而信佛。

   在一些学佛者的点化下，唐伯虎开始信佛，研究佛经，自号六如居士。自号“六如居士”，“六如”取自《金刚经》：“一切有为法，如梦幻泡影，如露亦如电，应作如是观。”自治一方印章“逃禅仙吏”。

    诸葛长青：我们今天才体会到佛法难闻的难处。如果唐伯虎早一些时间学习佛法，人生可能不是这样子；如果当年的唐伯虎能够学会改运秘法、学会施食秘法，那么他晚年疾病可能会变好，甚至延寿。佛法很好，可是真的很难遇到啊。阿弥陀佛，佛法难闻啊。愿有缘者珍惜佛法，让人生变得更美好。

  　明嘉靖二年（1523），54岁他健康状况更差，死后葬在桃花坞北。嘉靖26年迁葬到横塘镇王家村。他逝世后由其亲友王宠、祝允明、文徵明等凑钱安排后事，祝允明写了千余字的墓志铭，由王宠手书，刻在石碑上。后世有关唐寅的生平事迹大多是从这墓志铭中得到的。

     明万历年间，常熟书商何君立仰慕唐伯虎的诗文和为人，不惜重金，征求片纸只字，为他搜集整理诗赋词章。将唐寅生前散轶的近百首（篇）诗文核阅后付梓，这就使唐寅有了第一个较完善的诗文集传世，一时洛阳纸贵。后来，江南著名的出版藏书家。常熟书商毛晋也十分敬重唐寅才情为人，他在编录《明诗纪事》及《海虞古今文苑》时，又特地详细收录了唐寅生前诗文和轶事，丰富和完善了唐伯虎诗文内容，为后代积累了生动的文化资料。

　　毛晋，后来还独立承担了重修唐寅墓的重任。据《苏州府志》，崇祯甲申三月十六，毛晋与同郡士人游春至姑苏横塘王家村，因见一代才子唐寅之墓荆棘荒芜，牛羊放逐墓园，顿生哀悯之心。他询问附近田夫，方知唐寅亡后，后嗣中唯剩一侄孙孀妇，经济拮据，困顿城内，以致唐寅四时之祭匮乏。毛晋凄然感叹：“是朋友之罪也，千载下读伯虎之文者皆其友，何必时与并乎？”于是，毛晋慷慨解囊，重修墓封，再立碑石，并且择地墓旁造三间祠堂。苏州地方官雷起剑亲作“重修唐解元墓”碑文，“更勒石以遗千古之有心者。”　　 三、唐伯虎没有点秋香，他是一流才子，但不是风流才子

　　唐伯虎点秋香是广为流传的一个历史故事。

    实际上就是纯粹的“张冠李戴”。

    “点秋香”的是明代的书生陈立超，陈立超真的追求过一位美女，后来一些文人演绎成唐伯虎的故事了。 

　　据《茶余客话》和《耳谈》等笔记记载，明代历史上的确有件为一个婢女而卖身为奴的事，但这是一个名叫陈立超的书生，好事者把它附会到唐伯虎名下。另据史家考证，秋香是明朝成化年间南京妓女，名叫林奴儿，她的年纪比唐伯虎足足大20岁。而华太师是无锡人，要比唐伯虎小27岁。因而，唐伯虎是与“三笑”姻缘无缘的。

　　有的戏曲将唐伯虎描写成有八九个老婆还不满足的色迷、淫棍、流氓、文痞，调戏起妇女来门槛数他最精，玩弄起骗术来也数他最聪明。这实在是委屈了唐伯虎。

    这一数百年的“冤案”，是该重新颠倒过来了。

   早在明代嘉靖或万历年间，嘉兴人项元汴的笔记《蕉窗杂录》上，就载有唐伯虎与秋香的故事。稍晚一些，周玄暐的《泾林杂记》一书关于唐伯虎与秋香的故事更为详细，基本上形成了“三笑”的雏形。而明朝末年，冯梦龙以《唐解元一笑姻缘》为题，又将其编进了广泛流传的《警世通言》中。明末还有孟舜卿写的《花前一笑》，单人月写的《花舫缘》等杂剧，用舞台演出的形式，更使其走进了千家万户。

    诸葛长青：我们今天要为唐伯虎翻案，他是一流的才子，但不是风流才子。我们要为他正名。

　　唐伯虎是个不风流的好文人。唐伯虎在《与文征明书》中写道“反视室中，瓶瓯破缺，衣履之外，靡有长物”。

  我们从中可以看出，他依靠卖画为生，维持生活尚且艰难，哪有钱来养活八九个妻子。其实，唐寅并没有纳妾娶小，他的原配夫人死于疾病，续弦的一位看唐伯虎做官无望背他而去，最后一位红粉知己叫沈九娘，民间讹传为第九个娘子。除此之外，造成讹传的另一原因，就是他的画中很多美女的原因了。

    (This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

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往期精选文章

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1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向