Chinese Traditional Culture: The Mysterious Twenty-eight Constellations

中华国学文化：神秘的二十八星宿

To study Chinese traditional culture, we must understand astronomy and geography, otherwise we can not understand the connotation of Chinese culture.

-----Zhuge Changqing

Chinese culture is broad and profound.

To understand Chinese culture, we must not only understand the wisdom and culture of Confucius and Confucianism, Lao Tzu Taoism, Sun Tzu's strategists, Mozi and Mohism, Yin and Yang, and Gui Guzi's strategists, but also understand the traditional culture of practical Chinese culture, such as the Eight Diagrams of the Book of Changes, the Five Elements of Yin and Yang, and the Twenty-eight Constellations.

For example, you can see the 28 stars in classical books such as Journey to the West and The Romance of the Gods.

研究中华国学文化，必须了解天文地理，否则无法洞彻中华文化内涵。

----- 诸葛长青

中华文化，博大精深。

要理解中华文化，我们除了了解孔子儒家、老子道家、孙子兵家、墨子墨家、阴阳家、鬼谷子纵横家等诸子百家智慧文化，还必须了解周易八卦、阴阳五行、二十八星宿等实战国学传统文化。

譬如二十八星宿，大家看《西游记》《封神演义》等古典书籍中，都会看到二十八星宿。

1、 What is the Twenty-eight Constellations

Twenty-eight constellations, a term used in ancient Chinese astronomy, are composed of seven constellations of the eastern dragon, the southern rosefinch, the western white tiger, and the northern basalt.

In order to observe the movement of the sun, the moon and the five stars, the ancients of our country chose the 28 stars near the equator as signs to indicate the position of the sun, the moon and the five stars, which is called the Twenty-eight Constellations.

"Su" and "She" mean staying. Each star contains more than one star, but a combination of several neighboring stars.

In ancient times, the ancients of our country looked up at the sky near the zodiac and divided the stars near the zodiac into several areas, called the Twenty-eight Constellations. They also divided the Twenty-eight Constellations into four palaces, namely, the east, the south, the west, and the north, according to their orientation. Each palace has seven constellations. They respectively imagined the seven constellations of each palace as a kind of animal, and thought it was "the four spirits of the sky, with the square".

The ancients have chosen the 28 constellations near the equator of the ecliptic as their coordinates.

Because they are surrounded by the sun, the moon and the five stars, they are very similar to the places where the sun, the moon and the five stars live, so they are called the Twenty-eight Constellations.

Zhuge Changqing believes that the 28 constellations are 28 stars distributed in four directions over the earth, east, west, north and south, and are also 28 Dharmapalas. They are entrusted by the Pangu Emperor, the Hongjun Ancestor, the Primitive Heavenly Buddha, the Lingbao Heavenly Buddha, the Moral Heavenly Buddha, and Fuxi Nuwa to protect the Chinese nation at all times.

The 28 constellations are 28 star regions divided by ancient Chinese astronomers to observe the movements of the sun, the moon and the five stars. It is used to explain the position of the sun, moon and five stars.

As an important part of Chinese traditional culture, the 28 constellations have been widely used in ancient astronomy, religion, literature, astrology, astrology, geomancy, and fortune selection.

Different fields have given it different connotations, and the relevant content is very complex.

Twenty-eight constellations ("constellations", pinyin: xi ù), also known as Twenty-eight Shes or Twenty-eight Stars, divide the stars in the southern and central sky into twenty-eight groups, and it is a circle of constellations distributed along the ecliptic or celestial equator (the equator of the earth extends to the sky). It is divided into four groups, also known as four elephants, four beasts, four dimensions, and four gods. Each group has seven constellations.

As early as in ancient times, the ancients had realized that the positions of the stars remained constant, and they could be used as symbols to explain the positions of the sun, moon and five stars. After long-term observation, the ancients have selected 28 constellations near the equator of the ecliptic as "coordinates", that is, 28 constellations. Twenty-eight constellations are equivalent to dividing 28 regions, but these regions are not equal.

At first, the ancients chose 28 stars as the marks of observation in order to compare the movements of the sun, the sun, Venus, Jupiter, Mercury, Mars and Saturn. The meaning of "constellations" is similar to the "house" of the zodiac, which is the meaning of constellation table, indicating the position of the sun, moon and five stars.

In the Tang Dynasty, the Twenty-eight Constellations became the main body of the twenty-eight celestial areas, which were still named after the Twenty-eight Constellations, which were different from the situation in Sanyuan. As a celestial area, the Twenty-eight Constellations were mainly used to divide the ownership of the star officials.

The records of the Twenty-eight Nights and the Four Elephants were first recorded in the early Warring States Period. In terms of cultural relics, the lacquer box of the Tomb of Marquis Yi of the Warring States Period unearthed in Suixian County recorded the name of the Twenty-eight Nights for the first time.

The seven stars in the east, like a giant dragon, become the oriental green dragon.

The seven western stars, like a white tiger, become the western white tiger.

Seven stars in the south, like a rosefinch, are called southern rosefinch.

The seven stars in the north, like a basalt, become the northern basalt.

Zhuge Changqing believed that the 28 stars not only protect China from the heaven, but also protect China from the earth. Many Taoist experts and feng shui masters often say that "Zuo Qinglong, right white tiger, front rosefinch, and rear Xuanwu" is the epitome of the 28 stars in the sky on earth.

The Twenty-eight Constellations begin from Jiaoxiu and are arranged from west to east in the same direction as the apparent movement of the sun and the moon.

The so-called "Jiao", "Kang", "Di", "Fang", "Xing", "Zhang", "Yi", "Zhen", and so on, are just a constellation of each constellation, representing the main body of each constellation. Therefore, the 289 Constellations actually divide the whole week near the equator into 28 unequal constellations from west to east.

In ancient Chinese documents such as Shang Shu, The Book of Songs, and Xia Xiaozheng, there are records of some constellations in the Twenty-eight Constellations. Its origin can be traced back to the early Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

In 1978, in Leigudun, Suixian County, Hubei Province, a cultural relic unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of the early Warring States Period (433 BC or later) was found with a lacquer box cover, with a word "Dou" in the middle of two or three covers, surrounded by the name of the ancient Twenty-eight Nights, and painted with blue dragons and white tigers with opposite ends at both ends of the cover. It can be seen that the Twenty-eight Nights system had been formed as early as the fifth century BC.

In 1987, the astronomical pattern of clam sculpture, green dragon and white tiger unearthed in Xishuipo, Puyang County, is the oldest among the dragon patterns found in archaeology in the country. According to scientific measurement, it was 6460 ± 135 years ago, so it was praised by experts as "the first dragon in China"

The Twenty-eight Constellations begin from Jiaoxiu and are arranged from west to east, in the opposite direction of the apparent movement of the sun and the moon:

The East calls Qinglong:

Jiaomu Jiao, Kang Jinlong, Ditu raccoon dog, Fangri Rabbit, Xinyue Fox, Tail Fire Tiger, Jishui Leopard;

The north is called Xuanwu:

Doumuxie, Taurus, female earth bat, virtual sun mouse, dangerous moon swallow, room fire pig, wall water bat;

The West calls the White Tiger:

Quimura, Loujingou, Gastric pheasant, Pleiades chicken, Biyuewu, Mouth fire monkey, and Water Monkey;

The south is called the rosefinch:

Jingmu'an, Guijinyang, Liutuzhang, Xingrima, Zhang Yuelu, Winged Fire Snake, Zhenshui Worm.

Chinese ancient astronomers looked up at the stars in the latitudes near the ecliptic and divided the stars visible in the sky into 28 groups, which were distributed around the equator of the ecliptic.

This circle of stars is divided into four groups according to the four directions, also known as four elephants, four beasts, four dimensions, and four gods. Each group has seven stars.

There are four common ways to observe the appearance of the Twenty-eight Constellations in ancient times. The first is to observe the rising stars on the eastern horizon at the beginning of the night after sunset, which is called "twilight"; The second is to observe the stars in the sky at this time, which is called "twilight"; The third is to observe the rising stars on the eastern horizon before dawn and at the time of the night, which is called "morning view" or "face to face"; The fourth is to observe the stars in Nanzhong sky at this time, which is called "Danzhong".

2、 "Huainanzi Astronomical Training" divides the twenty-eight nights into nine fields

Zhuge Changqing believes that ancient and modern sages are familiar with astronomy and geography, the unity of heaven and man, and the flexible use of heaven and earth energy have promoted the development of the Chinese nation. Like Jiang Taigong, Gui Guzi, Zhang Liang, Zhuge Liang, Liu Bowen, Yuan Tiangang, Li Chunfeng, etc., they are all experts in the flexible use of astronomical and geographical knowledge.

Central Juntian: Jiao Su, Kang Su, Di Su

Oriental Sky: Fangsu, Xinsu and Weisu

The changing weather in Northeast China: Jisu, Dousu, Niusu

Northern Xuantian: female accommodation, virtual accommodation, dangerous accommodation, room accommodation

Northwest Youtian: Bi Su, Kui Su, Lou Su

Western Haotian: Stomach, Pleiades, and Bi Su

Southwest Zhu Tian: Zuosu, Kansu, and Jingsu

Southern summer: Ghost, Willow and Star

Southeast sunny sky: Zhang Su, Yi Su, Zhen Su

3、 The basic meaning of 28 constellations

Zhuge Changqing believes that the 28 constellations are closely related to the Chinese nation. We must understand the 28 constellations and use the magic power of the 28 constellations to promote the rapid development of the Chinese nation. Promote the harmonious development of the world.

Zhang Heng's "Ling Xian": "The black dragon is curled up on the left, the white tiger is on the right, the rosefinch is on the front, and the turtle is on the back."

1. Dongguan Qinglong Qixiu

Horn, dragon horn. The ecliptic passes between these two stars, so the sun, moon and planets often pass near these two stars. In ancient books, the two stars are called Tianguan or Tianmen.

Kang is the throat of a dragon. "Er Ya Shi Bird" said: "The bird's throat is high," and the note said: "The throat is high, the throat is low, and the common voice is low."

Di, "Shuowen": "Di, Zhiya; Congshi, -, -, Diya." Erya Shitian ":" Tiangen, Diya.

Room is chest room. "The Book of the Heavenly Officials in the Records of the Historian": "The house is the house, and the day is four." The house connects the heart. "Erya Shitian": "Tiansi, Fangya." The note said: "The dragon is Tianma, so the four stars of Fangsi are called Tiansi."

Heart is dragon heart. Antares, the famous Antares, was called fire, fire, or commercial star in ancient times.

The tail is the tail of the dragon. "Zuo Zhuan": "The nursery rhyme is' the morning of C, the tail of the dragon falls on the stars'." The note says: "The tail of the dragon is also the tail star. The meeting of the sun and the moon is called the stars, and the sun is at the tail, so the tail star falls off."

The dustpan looks like a dustpan. "Poem Xiaoya": "There is a dustpan in Weinan, which cannot be tossed." It refers to it.

2. West official white tiger seven nights

Kui, "Shuowen": "between two legs", "Guangya": "crotch, Kui also." Kui Suu has 16 stars, and the left and right halves are like the shape of two legs. Kui Suu is described in the "Stepping Sky Song" as: "The waist is thin and the head is pointed like a broken shoe, and 16 stars are wrapped around the shoe."

Lou, Tonghuo. Cuo, Shuo Wen: "Tuo Ju", "Ji Yun": "Tuo Ju, Tong Zuo Lou", "Niu Ma Wei Lou", "Niu Ma Wei Lou", note that: "Ma Wei, Niu Yue Lou". "Shi Ji Tian Guan Shu": "Lou is a gathering place." In ancient astronomical classics, Lou Su is regarded as a place where people are in charge of animal husbandry and sacrifice or to gather troops.

Stomach, Shi Ming: "Stomach is surrounded by food." The Historian's Book of Heavenly Officials says: "Stomach is the storehouse of heaven."

Pleiades, "Records of the Historian": "Pleiades call the head of the head", "the head", "Shuowen": "Faye". The Pleiades is also called "stay", which means "cluster" and "cluster". The ancients used the Pleiades to set the four seasons. "The sun is short and the Pleiades is in the middle of winter" in the Shangshu Yaodian means that if you see the Pleiades in the middle of the sky at sunset, you can know that the winter solstice is coming.

Bi, "Etiquette": "The patriarch enters first after holding Bi", and notes that "Bi is like Yi". "Poem Xiaoya": "There is an end to save the day", Zhu Xi notes: "The end of the day, the end of the star, like the end of the rabbit.". "The Pleiades is the street of heaven", said in the Book of the Heavenly Officials in Historical Records, which means that the sun and moon planets often pass here, and Mercury is located between the two constellations. "The Book of Songs" said: "The moon leaves at the end of the day, and the rain falls in torrents". It refers to the arrival of the rainy season after the end of the moon.

In Shuowen, "the beak on the top of the head of the bird is also called". The note says: "The beak of the feather is sharp, so the bird is called the beak." The three small stars of the constellation are located above the two shoulders of the constellation, and the shape can be connected with the horn-shaped beak, so the name is given.

Note: The main bibliography is Pan Nai's History of Star Observation in China.

See, "West Step Sky Song": "It's a seven-star candlelight night with two shoulders, two feet and three waist". From this, we can see the eye-catching degree of Senjuku in the night sky. From winter to early summer of the next year, Betelgeuse is the most striking constellation in the night sky. Tang Feng: "Three stars, ginseng." ginseng is a pictographic representation, symbolizing the belt of three stars. Zuo Zhuan said: "In the past, the Gaoxin family had two sons, Bo said Bo, and Ji said Shi Shen, who lived in the open forest, and could not compete with each other. The day he sought to fight with each other. The empress emperor did not Zang, and moved to Shang Qiu, where he ruled Chen. Because of the merchants, Chen was the merchant star. He moved to Shen in the summer, and he was the master of Chen." Chen was Xinxiu, and the red scriptures of Betelgei and Hinelgei were about 180 degrees different. People in the same place could not see them at the same time, Therefore, there is a saying among the people that "business participants do not meet".

3. Beiguan Xuanwu Qixiu

Dou, also known as Nandou. Like the Big Dipper, the shape of the Big Dipper in the sky is also very similar to the Big Dipper, so the name is given, but the scope and brightness of the Big Dipper is less than that of the Big Dipper.

Cow, known as morning glory in ancient times; Female, formerly known as Wu female or Xu female. It is said that the names of Niuxiu and Nuxiu are transferred from the two stars of Niulang and Zhinu. In 1978, the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in the early Warring States period was excavated in Sui County, Hubei Province. Among the unearthed cultural relics, there was a lacquer box with the name of "Twenty-eight Nightmares" in the seal script on the lid. Among them, Niu and Nu Ersu wrote the names of "Morning Glory" and "Wu Nu". It can be seen that the names of these two Nightmares have a long history. It is said in the Book of Rites: "The moon of Mengxia... the night of Wunu Middle School." It means that if you see the location of the hostess in the southern mid-sky at dawn, you will know that early summer is coming.

Xu, "Shuowen": "The hillock is called Xu." Ancient cities were often inhabited by hillocks. After the destruction of the city, the hillock was renamed Ruins. Xu is located in the center of the northern official. Erya Shitian: "Xuan Xiao, Xu also." The note says: "Xu is in the north, the north is dark, Xiao's words are wasted, and consumption is also wasted." Therefore, there is a meaning of "big hill", "old place" and "waste". Xu Su was quite famous in ancient times, and there was Xu Su in the four mid-stars recorded in the Book of History of the Zhou Dynasty. "The stars in the night are empty, and the sky is Yin Zhongqiu." At that time, Xu Su appeared in the southern mid-sky in the evening around the autumnal equinox. Make an imaginary connection from Aldebaran to Andromeda, and extend it by about one and a half times, and the third order star you encounter will be Akira.

Dang means on the top of the house. The Book of Rites quoted in the Book of Records of the Historian's Solicitation said: "The middle house is in danger, and the house is built to avoid the soldiers." The Book of the Historian's Heavenly Officials said: "The danger is the building of the house." The Book of Astronomy in the Book of the Jin Dynasty said: "The danger of the three stars is the main building of the Tianfu City." The shape of the three stars is like a pointed roof.

The room and the wall are the two linked quarters. In ancient times, there was a camp room, known as the east wall. The camp was originally four-star and square, with two stars on the east wall and two stars on the west wall, just like the palace. The Man of Zhou Guanzi: "The tortoise and snake swim around like the camp room." Then the east wall separates from the camp room and becomes the room. The wall sleeps for two nights. On the cover of the lacquer box of the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng, these two nights are called "West lingering" and "East lingering". The four stars in the east and west walls are the famous quadrangle of Pegasus. "The wind of poetry": "In the middle of the square, it is made in the Chu Palace." In the spring and autumn period, the room sleepers appeared in the southern mid-sky in the evening of the late autumn and early winter. This is the slack season. People use this time to build houses to prepare for the winter. Therefore, it is called the camp room. The approximate location of the vernal equinox can be found by connecting the line from the two to the one and extending it by about twice.

4. South official rosefinch seven nights

Well, in the Records of the Historian's Heavenly Official Book: "The East Well is a water affair". The shape of the eight stars in the constellation Jingxiu is like a well, so it is named. Jingsu belongs to Gemini. Jingsu is located between Beihe and Betsu. This is one way to find Jingsu.

Ghost, also known as Yu ghost. Yu, "Collection of Rhymes": "The public also", so the public ghosts can be understood as the meaning of the public ghosts; "Shuowen": "public opinion is also the bottom of the car". The four stars of Guixiu are square, like a car, which may have another meaning. "Step in the Sky": "The four-star volume looks like a wooden cabinet, and the white one in the center accumulates the corpse gas", "The Guanxiang Plays and Occupy": "The white one in the center of the ghost looks like a powder floc, which is called the corpse gas. The first one is the sky corpse, which is the main funeral hall."

Liu, formerly known as . Erya Shitian: "Quails are called willows, willows, and quail fire", and the note says: "quail, bird name; fire belongs to the south". The willows are eight stars with a curved shape, like a bird's beak and also like a weeping willow.

Star, according to the Book of Rites, "the moon of Mengchun is among the seven stars", which means it. The Book of the Historian's Heavenly Officials: "The seven stars, the neck, are the official officials, and are in charge of urgent affairs", and the Book of the Historian's Solicitation: "The neck, the neck of the vermilion bird, the throat of the official. The object is in the throat, and will stay soon, so it is in charge of urgent affairs." The stars are located in the heart of the long snake. "Stepping Sky Song": "Seven stars are born like a hook willow, and seventeen shafts are on the stars", indicating the relative position of the stars.

Zhang, "Erya": "bird Zhang crop", the note said: "crop is also the place where the bird eats." It can be seen that Zhang Su means vermilion bird. The Law Book of Historical Records has another meaning: "Zhang said that everything is open." The six stars of Zhang Su, whose shape is like an open bow and arrow.

The wing is also taken from the vermilion bird. In the Records of the Historian's Heavenly Official Book, "the wing is a feather.". Twenty-two stars with wings are shaped like open bird wings.

Zhen, put the writing car on the paint box of the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng. The "Records of the Historian": "Zhen is the car", and the "Solicitor": "Zhen has four stars in the center, and there are two stars in the left and right, and the car is like the car." The "Shuowen": "Zhen, the crossbar behind the car", and the car is a small iron bar inserted on the axle, which can keep the wheels from falling off. The four stars of Zhenxiu and the left and right rulers belong to the constellation of Raven. "The song of the West Step" says: "The four stars of Zhenxiu are not square, and Changsha is hidden in the middle of a black".

4、 How to learn to use the power of the Twenty-eight Constellations

Zhuge Changqing believes that if you continue to do good deeds and accumulate virtue, understand the culture of the Twenty-eight Constellations, and then continue to chant the name of the Twenty-eight Constellations respectfully, you can get the blessing and protection of the Twenty-eight Constellations, which are safe, auspicious, rich, and auspicious everywhere. It is amazing.

一、什么是二十八星宿

二十八星宿，是中国古代天文学名词，由东方苍龙、南方朱雀、西方白虎、北方玄武各七宿组成。

我国古人为观测日、月、五星的运行，选择赤道附近的二十八个星官作为标志，用来说明日、月、五星运行所到的位置，叫做二十八宿。

“宿”和“舍”的意思是停留，各宿所包含的恒星都不止一颗，而是相邻的若干颗恒星的组合。

上古时代，我国古人在靠近黄道面的一带仰望星空，将黄道附近的星象划分成若干个区域，称之为二十八宿，又将这二十八宿按方位分为东、南、西、北四宫，每宫七宿，分别将各宫所属七宿连缀想象为一种动物，以为是“天之四灵，以正四方”。

古人先后选择了黄道赤道附近的二十八个星宿作为坐标。

因为它们环列在日、月、五星的四方，很像日、月、五星栖宿的场所，所以称作二十八宿。

诸葛长青研究认为，二十八星宿，是分布地球上空东西南北四个方向的二十八颗星星，也是二十八位护法神。他们受盘古大帝、鸿钧老祖、原始天尊、灵宝天尊、道德天尊、伏羲女娲等委托，时刻护佑中华民族。

二十八星宿是中国古代天文学家为观测日、月、五星运行而划分的二十八个星区，是我国本土天文学创作。用来说明太阳、月亮、五星运行所到的位置。

作为中国传统文化中的重要组成部分之一，二十八星宿曾被广泛应用于古代的天文、宗教、文学及星占、星命、风水、择吉等等术数中。

不同的领域赋予了它不同的内涵，相关内容非常庞杂。

二十八星宿（“宿”，拼音：xiù），又名二十八舍或二十八星，它把南中天的恒星分为二十八群，且其沿黄道或天球赤道（地球赤道延伸到天上）所分布的一圈星宿。它分为四组，又称为四象、四兽、四维、四方神，每组各有七个星宿。 

早在上古时代，古人已经认识到了恒星相互间的位置恒久不变，可以利用它们做标志来说明 日月五星运行所到的位置。经过长期的观测，古人先后选择了黄道赤道附近的二十八个星宿作为“坐标”，也就是二十八宿。二十八星宿就相当于划分了二十八个区域，只是这些区域并不是等份的。

最初古人为比较太阳、太阴、金星、木星、水星、火星、土星的运动而选择二十八个星官作为观测时的标记。“宿”的意思和黄道十二宫的“宫”类似，是星座表之意，表示日月五星所在的位置。

到了唐代，二十八宿成为二十八个天区的主体，这些天区仍以二十八宿的名称为名称，和三垣的情况不同，作为天区，二十八宿主要是为了区划星官的归属。

有关二十八宿及四象的记载，现存文字记载最早见于战国初。以文物考查的话，随县出土的战国时期曾侯乙墓漆箱，上面首次记录了完整的二十八宿的名称。

东方七个星，像一条巨龙，成为东方青龙。

西方七颗星，像一只白虎，成为西方白虎。

南方七颗星，像一只朱雀，称为南方朱雀。

北方七颗星，像一个玄武，成为北方玄武。

诸葛长青认为，二十八星宿，不仅从天界护佑中华，而且他们分身到人间护佑中华。很多道家高人、风水大师经常说的“左青龙、右白虎、前朱雀、后玄武”，就是天上二十八星宿在人间缩影。

二十八宿从角宿开始，由西向东排列，和日、月视运动的方向相同。

所谓的角、亢、氐、房……星、张、翼、轸等，只是各宿的一个星座，代表各宿的主体。所以，二十八九宿实际上是把赤道附近的一周天，由西而东地分成二十八个不等分的星座。

在我国古代文献《尚书》、《诗经》、《夏小正》等书里，已经有二十八宿中部分星宿的记载，它的起源可以远溯到商未周初。

1978年，在湖北省隨县擂鼓墩发现战国早期（前433年或稍后些）曾侯乙墓中出土文物有一个漆箱盖，盖两三的中间是一个“斗”字，它的周围是古代二十八宿的名称，并且在盖面的两端绘有头尾方向相反的青龙和白虎图象，可见早在公元前五世纪时，二十八宿的体系已经形成。

1987年，濮阳县西水坡出土的蚌塑青龙白虎天文图案，目前在全国考古发现的龙图案中年代最早，据科学测定在距今6460±135年前，故被专家誉为“中华第一龙”

二十八宿从角宿开始，自西向东排列，与日、月视运动的方向相反：

东方称青龙：

角木蛟、亢金龙、氐土貉、房日兔、心月狐、尾火虎、箕水豹；

北方称玄武：

斗木獬、牛金牛、女土蝠、虚日鼠、危月燕、室火猪、壁水貐；

西方称白虎：

奎木狼、娄金狗、胃土雉、昴日鸡、毕月乌、觜火猴、参水猿；

南方称朱雀：

井木犴、鬼金羊、柳土獐、星日马、张月鹿、翼火蛇、轸水蚓。

我国古代天文学家在靠近黄道面的纬度地带仰望星空，把天空中可见的星分成二十八组，其沿黄道赤道分布一圈。

这一圈星宿按四方分为四组，又称为四象、四兽、四维、四方神，每组各有七个星宿。

古代观测二十八宿出没的方法常见的有四种：第一是在黄昏日落后的夜幕初降之时，观测东方地平线上升起的星宿，称为“昏见”；第二是此时观测南中天上的星宿，称为“昏中”；第三是在黎明前夜幕将落之时，观测东方地平线上升起的星宿，称为“晨见”或“朝觌”；第四是在此时观测南中天上的星宿，称为“旦中”。

二、《淮南子·天文训》将二十八宿分成九野

诸葛长青认为，古今圣贤熟悉掌握天文地理，天人合一，灵活运用天地能量，推动了中华民族发展。就像姜太公、鬼谷子、张良、诸葛亮、刘伯温、袁天罡、李淳风等，都是灵活运用天文地理知识的高人。

中央钧天：角宿、亢宿、氐宿

东方苍天：房宿、心宿、尾宿

东北变天：箕宿、斗宿、牛宿

北方玄天：女宿、虚宿、危宿、室宿

西北幽天：壁宿、奎宿、娄宿

西方颢天：胃宿、昴宿、毕宿

西南朱天：觜宿、参宿、井宿

南方炎天：鬼宿、柳宿、星宿

东南阳天：张宿、翼宿、轸宿

三、二十八星宿的基本含义

诸葛长青认为，二十八星宿，跟中华民族密切相关，必须了解二十八星宿，借助二十八星宿的神奇力量，推动中华民族迅猛发展。推动世界和谐发展。

张衡《灵宪》：“苍龙连蜷于左，白虎猛据于右，朱雀奋翼于前，灵龟圈首于后。”

1.东官青龙七宿

角，龙角。黄道在这两星间穿过，因此日月和行星常会在这两颗星附近经过，古籍称角二星为天关或天门。

亢，就是龙的咽喉。《尔雅释鸟》上云：“亢，鸟咙”，注称：“亢即咽，俗作吭。”

氐，《说文》：“氐，至也；从氏，下着-，-，地也。”《尔雅 释天》：“天根，氐也。”注称：“角，亢下系于氐，若木之有根。”因此氐可理解为龙的前足。

房是胸房。《史记天官书》：“房为府，天驷也。”府通腑。《尔雅 释天》：“天驷，房也。”注称：“龙为天马，故房四星谓之天驷。”

心是龙心。心星，即著名的心宿二，古代称之为火，大火，或商星。

尾即龙尾，《左传》：“童谣云‘丙之晨，龙尾伏辰’”，注称：“龙尾者，尾星也。日月之会曰辰，日在尾，故尾星伏不见。”

箕，其形像簸箕。《诗小雅》：“维南有箕，不可以簸扬。”指的便是它。

2.西官白虎七宿

奎，《说文》：“两髀之间”，《广雅》：“胯，奎也。”奎宿十六星，左右两半正如两髀的形状。《步天歌》中则把奎宿描述成：“腰细头尖似破鞋，一十六星绕鞋生。”

娄，通搂。搂，《说文》：“曳聚也”，《集韵》：“曳也，通作娄”，《公羊》：“牛马维娄”，注称：“系马曰维，系牛曰娄。”《史记天官书》：“娄为聚众。”古代的天文典籍中把娄宿视为主管牧养牺牲或兴兵聚众的地方。

胃，《释名》：“胃，围也，围受食物也。”《史记 天官书》：“胃为天仓。”

昴，《史记天官书》：“昴曰髦头”，髦，《说文》：“发也”。昴又称为留，留有簇聚、团属之意。古人用昴宿来定四时，《尚书尧典》：“日短星昴，以正仲冬”，是指如果日落时看到昴宿在中天，就可以知道冬至到了。

毕，《仪礼》：“宗人执毕先入”，注称：“毕状如乂”。《诗小雅》：“有捄天毕”，朱熹注：“天毕，毕星也，状如掩兔之毕”。《史记天官书》上说：“昴毕间为天街”，是指日月行星常经过这里，水星正位于这两个星宿之间。《诗经》称：“月离于毕，俾滂沱矣”。是指月亮经过毕宿时雨季来临。

觜，《说文》：“鸱奋头上角觜也“，注称：“凡羽族之咮锐，故鸟咮曰觜。”觜宿三小星位于参宿两肩上方，形状可与角状的鸟嘴相联系，故名。

注：主要参考书目是潘鼐着《中国恒星观测史》等。

参，《西步天歌》：“参宿七星明烛宵，两肩两足三为腰”。参宿在夜空中的夺目程度由此可见一斑。从冬季到次年的初夏，参宿都是夜空中最醒目的一个星座。《唐风》：“三星，参也。”参是象形的写法，象征了腰带三星。《左传》上载：“昔高辛氏有二子，伯曰阏伯，季曰实沈，居于旷林，不相能也。日寻干戈，以相征讨。后帝不臧，迁阏伯于商丘，主辰。商人是因，故辰为商星。迁实沈于大夏，主参。”辰即心宿，参宿一和心宿二的赤经相差约180度，同一地方的人们不能在同一时间看到它们，因此民间有“参商不相见”的说法。

3.北官玄武七宿

斗，也称南斗。与北斗七星一样，南斗六星在天空中的形状也很像斗，故名，但南斗的范围和亮度较之北斗则有所不及了。

牛，古称牵牛；女，古称婺女或须女。一说牛宿和女宿的名字是从牛郎和织女二星转移而来。1978年在湖北随县发掘出战国早期的曾侯乙墓，出土文物中有一个漆箱，其箱盖上以篆文书有二十八宿的名称，其中牛，女二宿写作牵牛和婺女，可见这两宿的名字由来已久。《礼记月令》中云：“孟夏之月……旦婺女中。”就是指如果黎明时看到女宿在南方中天的位置，便晓得初夏来临了。

虚，《说文》：“丘谓之虚。”古代的城邑，往往是丘居的，在城邑毁灭后，丘就改称为墟。虚位于北官的中央，《尔雅 释天》：“玄枵，虚也。”注称：“虚在正北，北方色黑，枵之言耗，耗亦虚意。”因此虚有大丘，故地及虚耗的意思。虚宿在远古时即已相当著名，成书于周代的《尚书尧典》中记载的四仲中星里就有虚宿，“宵中星虚，以殷仲秋。”彼时虚宿在秋分前后的傍晚出现 在南方中天。从牛宿二向女宿一作假想的连线，并延长约一倍半，所碰到的一颗三等星便是虚宿一。

危，是屋栋之上的意思。《史记索隐》中引《礼记》称：“中屋履危，盖升屋以避兵也。”《史记天官书》：“危为盖屋。”《晋书天文志》：“危三星，主天府市架屋。”三星的形状就有如一个尖屋顶。

室和壁是相连的两宿，古有营室，东壁之称。营室原为四星，成四方形，有东壁，西壁各两星，正如宫室之象。《周官梓人》：“龟蛇四游，以象营室也。”其后东壁从营室中分出，成为了室，壁两宿。曾侯乙墓漆箱盖上称这两宿为西萦与东萦。东壁，西壁四星，就是著名的飞马座四边形。《诗 风》：“定之方中，作于楚宫。”春秋时期室宿在秋末冬初的傍晚出现 在南方中天，此时是农闲时节，人们利用这段时间建造房屋为冬天作准备，因此有营室之称，从壁宿二向壁宿一连线并约延长一倍，就可找到春分点的大概位置。

4.南官朱雀七宿

井，《史记天官书》：“东井为水事”，井宿八星的形状有如一个水井，故名。井宿属于双子座，井宿就位于北河和参宿之间，这是寻找井宿的一个方法。

鬼，又称舆鬼。舆，《集韵》：“众也”，因此舆鬼可理解为众鬼之意；《说文》：“舆，车底也”，鬼宿四星呈方形，似车，这或是另一层意思。《步天歌》：“四星册方似木柜，中央白者积尸气”，《观象玩占》：“鬼中央白色如粉絮者，谓之积尸气。一曰天尸，主死丧祠。”

柳，原名为咮，咮是鸟嘴的意思，这与角为龙角的意义相似。《尔雅 释天》：“咮谓之柳，柳，鹑火也”，注称：“鹑，鸟名；火属南方”。柳宿八星，形状弯曲，像鸟嘴，也像垂柳，《步天歌》：“柳八星，曲头重如柳”。

星，《礼记月令》称：“孟春之月，旦七星中”，指的便是它。《史记 天官书》：“七星，颈，为员官，主急事”，《史记索隐》：“颈，朱鸟颈也。员官，喉也。物在喉咙，终不久留，故主急事。”星宿位于长蛇的心脏。《步天歌》：“七星如钩柳下生，星上十七轩辕形”，指出了星宿的相对位置。

张，《尔雅》：“鸟张嗉”，注称：“嗉，鸟受食之处也。”可见张宿取意于朱鸟。《史记律书》另有所指：“张，言万物皆张也。”张宿六星，其形状像张开的弓矢。

翼，也取意于朱鸟，《史记 天官书》：“翼为羽翮”。翼宿二十二星，形状就如张开的鸟翼。

轸，在曾侯乙墓的漆箱盖上写作车，《史记天官书》：“轸为车”，《索隐》：“轸四星居中，又有二星为左右辖，车之象也。”《说文》：“轸，车后横木也”，辖是指车轴上插着的小铁棍，可以使轮子不脱落。轸宿四星和左右辖均属于乌鸦座，《西步天歌》：“轸宿四珠不等方，长沙一黑中间藏”。

四、如何学习借助二十八星宿力量

诸葛长青认为，在持续行善积德，了解二十八星宿文化，然后恭敬持续念诵二十八星宿名号，可以得到二十八星宿的加持护佑，处处平安、吉祥如意、富贵吉祥，神奇不可思议。

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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