Bailudong Academy: an example of Chinese academy construction

白鹿洞书院：中国书院建设的榜样

Traditional Chinese culture needs to be passed down from generation to generation. Since ancient times, academies have been a good way to spread it.

-----Zhuge Changqing

Salute the Pangu Emperor. Fu Xi. Nuwa. Confucius. Laozi. Sakyamuni Buddha.

Salute the heavens. Ground. Jun. dear. Division.

Salute Yan Emperor. Yellow Emperor. Emperor Yao. Emperor Shun. Emperor Yu. King Wen of Zhou. King Wu of Zhou. Duke of Zhou. Li Shimin.

Salute Confucius. Mencius. Zigong. Subway. Zhu Xi. Wang Yangming.

Salute Jiang Taigong. Huang Shigong. Gui Gu Zi. Zhang Liang. Zhuge Liang.

To salute all sages and sages who spread traditional Chinese culture and all people who have made silent contributions

The Chinese nation is a nation with wisdom and culture.

The Chinese nation has used immeasurable wisdom to inherit the wisdom of the sages of the past dynasties, such as Fuxi Nuwa, the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Confucius, Mencius, and Wang Yangming.

The dissemination of traditional Chinese culture through academies is a historic initiative of the Chinese nation.

Academy is a folk educational institution that inherits the unique culture of the Chinese nation.

According to Zhuge Changqing's research, Chinese academies can be traced back to the academies run by Guiguzi and Confucius. Later, there were more and more folk academies, for example, Bailudong Academy, Yuelu Academy and so on.

Bailudong Academy is known as "the first academy in the world" for its long history of running school and profound cultural influence, which is of great significance in the history of Chinese education and cultural development.

The development of academies in China is a rapid and gradual process.

The academy began as a local educational organization, which first appeared in the Tang Dynasty. The formal educational system was founded by Zhu Xi and developed in the Song Dynasty. Originally, rich families and scholars raised money by themselves to build school houses in secluded places in the mountains and forests, or rent school fields to cover the expenses.

At that time, famous academies included the Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi Province, Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan Province, Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan Province, Ehu Academy in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, Shigu Academy in Hengyang, Hunan Province, and Songyang Academy in Taishi Mountain, Dengfeng, Henan Province. Later, the imperial court granted imperial edicts and books, appointed instructors, allocated land and funds, etc., and gradually became a local educational organization of semi-civilian and semi-official nature. During the Qingli reign of Song Renzong, official schools were built in all prefectures, and some academies merged with official schools. At the time of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, the imperial court allocated all the money and food of the academy to the state schools, and the academy declined for a time. Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties were the prosperous periods of Chinese academies.

Zhuge Changqing's research found that the academy has made great contributions to the inheritance of many ancient and modern cultures in China. Academies are an important way to inherit culture. For example, Wang Yangming spread his mind theory through Longgang Academy.

The "White Deer Academy" located in Lushan, Jiangxi Province can be regarded as one of the models of the academy.

The Bailudong Academy is located at the southern foot of the Wulaofeng Mountain in Lushan, Jiangxi Province. It is jointly known as the "four major academies in China" with Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan Province, Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan Province, and Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan Province.

With the rise of China's traditional culture, many people of insight, entrepreneurs, and Chinese scholars have built academies to revitalize the traditional Chinese culture, which is moving. Zhuge Changqing believes that in order to let the newly built academies play the role of inheriting history, inheriting the traditional Chinese culture, preserving books, and exchanging knowledge, we should learn the overall construction model of "White Deer Academy", and achieve the unity of nature and man, lasting forever.

It is said that the founder of Bailu Academy can be traced back to Li Bo in the Southern Tang Dynasty.

Li Bo has a white deer, which is accompanied by him all day long. The old man called Mr. White Deer.

Later, Li Bo became the governor of Jiangzhou (today's Jiujiang) and revisited the old land. He built pavilions and pavilions here, drained the springs, planted flowers and trees, and became a tourist attraction. Because the mountain round here is like a hole, it is named White Deer Cave.

The style of lecturing in academies prevailed in the Song Dynasty. The Bailudong Academy, located at the foot of the Wulao Peak in Lushan, Jiangxi Province, has become the center of the dissemination of Neo-Confucianism because Zhu Xi and scholars such as Lu Jiuyuan once lectured or debated here.

From the perspective of orientation pattern, the academy seat faces south and north, and the style of lecturing in academies prevailed in the Song Dynasty. The Bailudong Academy, located at the foot of the Wulao Peak in Lushan, Jiangxi Province, has become the center of the dissemination of Neo-Confucianism because Zhu Xi and scholars such as Lu Jiuyuan once lectured or debated here. The layout of the large quadrangle buildings with several entrances and several exits is quite exquisite; From the perspective of building material and structure, stone and wood or brick and wood structures are mainly built in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the roof is a herringbone hard top, which is quite elegant and indifferent.

Since 2000, the White Deer Cave Academy has published a Chinese Academy Forum every year and held an academic seminar every year.

The Bailudong Academy is located at the southern foot of the Wulaofeng Mountain in Lushan, Jiangxi Province. It is jointly known as the "four major academies in China" with Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan Province, Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan Province, and Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan Province. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the White Deer Cave Academy has been well protected and utilized. Governments at all levels have allocated huge funds to carry out three major repairs and have thrived again. It was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 1959 and a national key cultural relics protection unit in 1988. By 2012, the Bailudong Academy has formed a comprehensive management system integrating cultural relics management, teaching, academic research, tourism reception and forest park construction.

1、 History of White Deer Cave

Zhuge Changqing: The name of the academy often reflects the thought of the founder. The name of the White Deer Academy comes from the white deer that Li Bo, the founder, likes to raise.

During the reign of Zhenyuan of Tang Dynasty, Li Bo, a Luoyang native, and his brother were involved in seclusion and study here. Li Bo likes to raise a white deer for entertainment. The deer are human and follow others. They are called "divine deer". There is no hole here. Because the terrain is low and looks like a hole, it is called "White Deer Cave". Later, Li Bo was the governor of Guanjiangzhou (today's Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). In order to commemorate his reading in his youth, he planted flowers and trees extensively, built pavilions, platforms, towers and pavilions to open his mind.

In the Southern Tang Dynasty, the Li's court held the "Lushan Guoxue", also known as the "White Deer Guoxue" here, which is as famous as the Imperial College on the bank of the Qinhuai River in Jinling, and scholars competed with each other.

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty attached great importance to the education of the academies, and gave the "Nine Classics" and other books to the academies. Because of the attention of the imperial court and the attention of local officials, the academies developed.

In the sixth year of Chunxi's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi, the master of Neo-Confucianism, learned that Nankangjun (now Xingzi County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province), led hundreds of officials to visit the academy. At that time, the ruins and walls of the academy were broken and weeds were overgrown. Zhu Xi was very sorry. He ordered officials to repair the Bailudong Academy, and took charge of the cave itself. He formulated religious rules, recruited teachers, recruited students, allocated farmland, and worked hard. Lu Xiangshan, a famous philosopher at that time, also came to White Deer Cave Academy to speak. The Revelation of the White Deer Cave Academy, also known as the "Regulations of the White Deer Cave Academy" formulated by Zhu Xi, has influenced the later generations for hundreds of years. Its mode of running a school has been followed by the later generations, and has spread to Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia overseas. The White Deer Cave Academy enjoys overseas reputation.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the White Deer Cave Academy was destroyed by war.

The earliest maintenance in the Ming Dynasty was the first year of Zhengtong (1436), and then there were maintenance in Chenghua, Hongzhi, Jiajing and Wanli.

In the Qing Dynasty, the White Deer Cave Academy still had many repairs and continued to run schools. At the end of the 19th century, China's politics and economy underwent dramatic changes, resulting in an upsurge of educational reform. In the 24th year of Guangxu's reign (1898), the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty ordered a reform and changed the academy into a school. The White Deer Cave Academy was closed in the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, and the Dongtian was under the management of the Middle School of Nankang Mansion (now Xingzi County). In the second year of Xuantong in the late Qing Dynasty, the Qing government abolished the name of Bailudong Academy and renamed it Jiangxi Higher Forestry Academy. The College was closed in 1903.

After the Revolution of 1911, the ruins of the academy were burned and most of the books were lost.

In the seventh year of the Republic of China (1918), Kang Youwei wrote the banner of "White Deer Cave Academy", and the academy was also occasionally renovated, but eventually became increasingly decadent. The Kuomintang Military Training Corps once occupied the academy buildings.

During the Anti-Japanese War, it was destroyed again, and many trees were destroyed. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek said that the White Deer Cave Academy was taken over by Chung Zheng University in Nanchang at that time as the permanent campus of Chung Zheng University, but this plan did not materialize.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the White Deer Cave Academy has been well protected and utilized. Governments at all levels have allocated huge funds to carry out three major repairs and have thrived again. It was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 1959 and a national key cultural relics protection unit in 1988.

2、 White Deer Cave architectural pattern

Zhuge Changqing: The architecture of the White Deer Cave is derived from the architectural art and moral culture spirit of the Book of Changes, and conforms to the way of heaven and earth, so it has been handed down to this day. This is also the power of heaven.

The academy faces south and is a large courtyard building with several entrances and exits. The layout is quite exquisite; From the perspective of building material and structure, most of the academy buildings are stone and wood or brick and wood structures, and the roofs are herringbone hard peaks. The Temple of Rites, Zhuzi Temple, Royal Book Pavilion and Minglun Hall are located in the courtyard of the pavilion.

Main buildings

1. College gate

The gate of the academy is a single door with double eaves, on which hangs the banner of "White Deer Cave Academy" written by Li Mengyang in Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty. In front of the gate, the ancient trees droop and the stream sings softly. From the near to the far, there are five tall courtyards, which form five courtyards, each with two or three entrances.

2. Xianxian Academy

The first courtyard of Bailudong Academy is the Xianxian Academy. The main landscapes include the courtyard gate, the second gate, the Dangui Pavilion, the stele corridor, the Zhuzi Temple, and the Memorial Hall for Merit. The Xianxian Academy is divided into front and back by the middle gate. On the gate of the courtyard hangs a horizontal plaque in Li Shida's handwriting, "Ancient Academy". On the left side of the door, there is a gold and black painted vertical plaque written by Li Tieying, member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, "Zhu Xi Memorial Hall". The front yard was turned into a flower bed. Zhuge Changqing: Generally, academies offer memorial tablets and statues of sages such as Confucius and Mencius, reflecting the way of respecting sages.

3. Zhuzi Temple

Zhuzi Temple is one of the main buildings of the ancient academy. In 1709, at the request of Xiong Shibo, a professor of Nankang Prefecture, Zhang Xiangwen, the governor of Nankang Prefecture, established this temple to worship Zhu Xi. In the temple, there are self-portrait stone carvings of Zhu Xi. On the left, there are Zhang Xiangwen's "Steles of the Special Temple of the Duke of Wen and Zhu Zi", and on the right, there are "The Doctrine of the White Deer Cave Academy". As Zhu Xi Memorial Hall, there are also nine parts of "Zhu Xi's Life Story" displayed in the room. Zhuge Changqing: Because of Zhu Xi's contribution to the traditional Chinese culture, many academies have worshipped it.

4. Memorial Hall of Meritorious Service

The Memorial Hall for Meritorious Service is located in the west of the Zhuzi Temple, formerly known as the Ancestral Hall and the Sanxian Temple. He has consecrated Li Bo, Zhou Lianxi, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, Zhang Hengqu, Chen Laoqian, Tao Jing Festival, Liu Xijian's father and son, and other sages who have contributed to the Bailudong Academy. As a memorial hall, there are five parts of the Exhibition of the History of the White Deer Cave Academy in the temple. Zhuge Changqing: Among the saints and sages enshrined in the academy, the founder's name statue is usually enshrined in it. Show gratitude.

5. Lingxing Gate Courtyard

Lingxingmen Academy is located in the east of the Xianxian Academy, which is the second courtyard to enter the gate of the Academy. The main landscapes include Lingxing Gate, Panchi, Zhuangyuan Bridge, Sacred Gate and Sacred Hall. This group of courtyards is divided into front and back by the Sacred Gate.

6. Lingxing Gate

Lingxing, originally called Lingxing, is Tiantian Star. Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty, became the emperor. In order to make the weather favorable and the people happy, he ordered the sacrifice of Tiantian Star as the first priority of the sacrifice. In the Song Dynasty, the Confucians matched Confucius with the sky, so in the Confucian temple and Confucianism, they also worshipped Confucius as a sacrifice to the sky, so they built the Lingxing Gate Tower to worship Confucius. Later generations, people believed that the worship of Tiantian Star in the Han Dynasty was for the purpose of achieving high agricultural yield, which was as important as the worship of Tiantian Star in the Confucius Temple. When they saw that the shape of the door was like a window lattice, they changed "Lingxing" to "Lingxing".

The Lingxing Gate was built in 1447, the second year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, by He Rong, the governor of Nankang. In the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Hongzhi (1498), Su Kui, the governor of Nankang, was rebuilt. Formerly a wooden building, it was later changed from the prefect Zhou Zuyao to a stone square with six columns and five gates. Lingxing Shifang is one of the oldest buildings in Bailudong Academy.

7. Sacred Gate

Zhuge Changqing: This is to commemorate the sage Confucius.

The Sacred Gate of Rites was originally called the Ancestor Temple Gate and Dacheng Gate. In the ninth year of Song Chunxi's reign (1182), Zhu Xi moved to the east of Zhejiang Province and proposed to pay 300000 yuan to instruct Qian Wenshi, the Zhijun of Nankang, to build the Temple of Rites. The next year, Zhu Duanzhang, the new governor, started to build it. In the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Hongzhi of the Ming Dynasty (1503), Shao Bao, the deputy envoy of the school, wrote "the door of orthodox learning" in Yan style.

8. Temple of Rites

Zhuge Changqing: Confucius is the founder of Confucianism and the "Great Sage", so he worships.

The Ritual Hall is also known as Dacheng Hall. "Dacheng" is derived from Mencius's "Confucius is called Jidacheng", and Huizong of the Song Dynasty honored Confucius as "a great achievement of collecting ancient sages and sages". The Temple of Rites is the place where Confucius and his disciples are sacrificed in the Academy. In the center of the hall is a standing statue of Confucius, the ancestor of Confucius, which was originally painted by Wu Daozi of the Tang Dynasty. On the top of the plaque of the Emperor Kangxi's Book of the Qing Dynasty, "Master of the Worlds", there are stone niches, stone incense burners, stone vases, and so on. On the back wall, there are four characters in Zhu Xi's handwriting: "loyalty, filial piety, honesty and integrity". The right and left shrines in the hall are lined with stone statues of "Four Saints": Fu Shengyan Zi, Shu Shengzi Si, Zongsheng Zeng Yu, and Yasheng Mencius. There are also small stone statues of twelve sages (also known as twelve sages) in the shrines on both sides of the hall.

9. White Deer Academy

Zhuge Changqing: The academy is the main place for people to study, read, think, teach, communicate, research and debate.

The White Deer Academy is located in the east of Lingxingmen Academy, which is the third courtyard to enter the gate of the Academy. The main landscapes include the courtyard gate, the Imperial Book Pavilion, the Minglun Hall, the Deer Cave, and the Sixian Terrace. The gate building of Bailu Academy has double eaves and grey tiles, and Zhao Puchu inscribed the words "Bailu Academy" on the granite stone under the eaves. Inside the door is a small courtyard, with a row of wing rooms in the east and west, and poetry couplets on the colonnades. The couplet on the west porch column: "The rain is moistened by the zither, and the wind is fragrant with calligraphy". The column couplet in the east corridor: "Close to the century-old tree, read ten thousand books". There is a hexagonal stone table in the courtyard. The stone columns under the table are carved with exquisite relief patterns such as lion rolling hydrangea, tiger descending the mountain, and horse running. There are six bluestone drum piers around the stone table.

10. Royal Book Pavilion

The Royal Book Pavilion is also known as the Bible Pavilion and the Holy Order Pavilion. It was first built in the Southern Song Dynasty. The current pavilion is the fifty-fourth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1715). Ye Qian, the governor of Nankang, and Mao Deqi, the governor of Nankang County, rebuilt it. In the middle of the second floor, there is a vertical forehead of "Royal Book Pavilion". In the pavilion, Zhu Xi has successively invited Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty to give "Notes on the Nine Classics", "The Analects of Confucius" and "Mencius"; In the 25th year of Kangxi's reign (1686), the emperor gave the "Commentary on the Thirteen Classics", "Twenty-first History", "Ancient Texts and Yuan Jian", "Complete Works of Zhu Zi" and other books. Zhuge Changqing: An important role of many academies is to collect and print books. Many ancient books were handed down in this way. Zhuge Changqing saw that Mr. Yu Qiuyu's wisdom was drawn from a large number of ancient books in a Shanzhong Academy, so we should be grateful for the immeasurable merits of our predecessors.

11. Minglun Hall

Zhuge Changqing: Ming Lun Tang is the "Five Luns" put forward by Mr. Zhu Xi - father and son are related, monarchs and ministers are righteous, husband and wife are different, children are orderly, and friends are trustworthy. Minglun Hall is also called Yilun Hall. In the third year of the Zhengtong reign of the Ming Dynasty (1438), Zhai Pu, the governor of Nankang, was in Fujian, and in the tenth year of the Hongzhi reign of the Ming Dynasty (1497), Su Kui, the principal of Jiangxi Province, was rebuilt. The Minglun Hall was originally a lecture hall of the Academy, which is an important place in the Bailudong Academy. In the hall, there is the "Royal Book Pavilion Stele" written by An Shiding in the 25th year of Kangxi's reign (1686).

12. White Deer Cave

The White Deer Cave Academy did not have a hole at first. Some people think it is a rare thing. In the ninth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1530), Wang Qinji, the governor of Nankang, opened a cave and carved Zhan Ruoshui's "Mind Illustrated" on the tablet screen, and the "Four Don't Always Proverb" on the wall of the cave. Lv Coffin wrote The New White Deer Cave. It was not until the 14th year of Jiajing (1535) that He Yan, the governor of Nankang, put the stone deer in the cave and wrote the "Stone Deer Record". In the 42nd year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1614), the counselor Ge Yinliang believed that the cave should not be opened for deer, so he took the stone deer out of the cave and buried it underground. In 1982, the stone deer was found during the maintenance of the Ritual Temple and was placed in the cave again. This is a kneeling stone deer with upright ears and an alert look. The carving is simple and the lines are soft. This stone deer is an object of Ming Dynasty preserved in the academy.

13. Sixiantai

In the thirtieth year of the reign of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1551), Cao Bian, the governor of Jiangxi Province, built a pavilion for thinking of the wise on the White Deer Cave and wrote the "Pavilion for Thinking of the Wise". Sixiantai stands on the mountain, which is the highest point of the whole hospital.

14. Ziyang Academy

Ziyang Academy is located in the east of Bailu Academy. Four courtyards for entering the gate of the academy. The main landscapes include the gate tower, the Chongde Temple, and the terrace. This group of courtyards was named Ziyang Academy because Zhu Xi's nickname was Ziyang. On the upper floor of the granite gate, Mr. Feng Youlan inscribed the four-character plaque "Ziyang Academy". The whole hospital is divided into two entrances by the middle gate. There are stele corridors on both sides of the front yard, which are collectively known as the East Stele Corridor of the White Deer Cave Academy.

15. Stele corridor

In the front yard, there is the Western Stele Gallery, which is full of calligraphy. In the stele gallery, there are various kinds of steles, such as building notes, cave rules, poems, songs and fu, travel notes and inscriptions. Among them, the most legendary is the "Song of Traveling in the White Deer Cave" written by Zixia. It is said that during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, a Taoist in sackcloth sandals traveled to the White Deer Cave. After enjoying the scenery of the mountains and rivers here, I casually picked a handful of cattails and wrote this long song on the courtyard wall. The signature is Zixia Immortal. When the students heard the sound, they came to see the dragon dancing on the wall, the ink was bright, but there was no sign of the Taoist priest. It is widely said that this Zixia Immortal was Luo Hongxian, the number one champion during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, because he left his official post and travelled around the country, living in seclusion in Lushan in his later years.

16. Chongde Temple

Mao Deqi's supplement to the Annals of the Bailudong Academy in the 10th year of Tongzhi's reign (1871) recorded that "in the 18th year of Daoguang's reign (1838), three new Chongde ancestral halls were built, four new houses were added to the east of the ancestral hall, and eight new houses were added to the back of the ancestral hall, and now there are nine new triple houses." In 1989, it was rebuilt into a concave bungalow.

17. Travelling platform

The supplement to the Annals of the Bailudong Academy, written by Mao Deqi of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, recorded that in the 18th year of the reign of Emperor Daoguang (1838), "the three main rooms in front of the new Xingtai". It was rebuilt in 1989 and is now a rectangular bungalow with four columns and five questions. The Xingtai is now used as the "wax figure exhibition hall of celebrities of the past dynasties in the Bailudong Academy", which displays a group of lifelike wax figures such as "Li Bo and the White Deer", "Zhu Xi and the disciples duel".

18. Yanbin Hall

Yanbin Academy, located in the east of Ziyang Academy, is the last courtyard to enter the gate of the Academy. Original main buildings

There are Yan Hotel Gate, Resting Room, Yiyuan Garden, Gangdao Gate, Chunfeng Tower, etc. The Yan Hotel was built in the fifth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1469), and was funded by Li Ling, the governor of Jiangxi University. At that time, Hu Juren, the cave owner, wrote the "Yan Hotel", in which he described the grand occasion of the Bailudong Academy. "Good ancient scholars, from Gongqing to the sages of the caves, came to visit the cave to meet Wu Lian." So Li Ling set up the Yan Hotel to warmly entertain guests from all directions. The spring breeze building at the northernmost end of the Yanbin Pavilion is the residence of ancient cave owners.

19. Dupaiting Pavilion

The Dupaiting Pavilion is located in the southeast of the Yan Hotel, at the foot of the left-wing mountain, facing the Wulao Peak in the west, and facing the Shengze Spring in the lower part. The cliff is steep and the stream is turbulent. It was originally the place where Li Wanjuan, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, collated books, so it was also called the book collating desk. In the 14th year of the reign of Emperor Hongzhi of the Ming Dynasty (1501), Shao Bao, the deputy envoy of the National Academy of Sciences, built a pavilion here in memory of Zhu Xi.

20. Occipital bridge

Walk dozens of steps to the east of the pavilion alone, and the Guandao River suddenly splits into two branches here. The stone bridge on the stream is independent, and the stream under the bridge flows out of the gorge. The rapids are steep and steep, and the big stones are horizontal. Therefore, the huge stone is called pillow flow stone, and the stone bridge is called pillow flow bridge. The water and rocks in the gorge gate excite each other. The anger is like a thunderbolt, and the smoke is like a cloud. This is a scenic spot in the academy, called the Little Three Gorges. Zhuge Changqing: According to the landscape of water and trees in the mountains, we have some poetic names, which have become a beautiful scenery for the ages.

21. Liufang Bridge

The river flows out of the gorge to the east, and the mountain turns southward. There was a Liuhe Pavilion on the mountain, and a Liufang Bridge, also known as Zhuoying Bridge, across the stream at the foot of the mountain. Zhu Xi built it when he knew the army. Liufang Bridge faces Wulaofeng, and the stream is clean. At first, the small bridge was unknown. In April of the 10th year of Jiading's reign (1218), Chen Mi, the Zhijun of Nankang, together with Zhang Ju, Luo Si, Yao Luqing, Zhang Shao, Pan Bing, Li Huo, Hu Yong, and Miao Duyi, spoke in the cave, extolling the beauty of Zhu Xi, and specifically named the bridge "Liufang". Chen Mi carved the word "Liufang" in the north of the bridge, and carved "Liufang Bridge Records" on the stone wall in the east of the bridge. In 1712, the Liufang Bridge collapsed. Since then, it has been built many times. The existing bridge was rebuilt after liberation.

3、 Geographic environment

Bailudong Academy is located at the foot of Mount Wulaofeng in Lushan, Jiangxi Province, at the northeast end of the southern scenic spot, next to the Jiuxing Highway, 9 kilometers away from Xingzi County. The Bailudong Academy is located in a subtropical monsoon climate, with high temperature and rain in summer and mild and little rain in winter. The heat is sufficient, the annual temperature difference is small, and the precipitation is abundant, but the seasonal variation is large.

4、 White Deer Cave History and Culture

1. Historical origin

It is said that the founder of the academy can be traced back to Li Bo of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Bo has a white deer, which is accompanied by him all day long. The old man called Mr. White Deer. Later, Li Bo became the governor of Jiangzhou (today's Jiujiang) and revisited the old land. He built pavilions and pavilions here, drained the springs, planted flowers and trees, and became a tourist attraction. Because the mountain round here is like a hole, it is named White Deer Cave. The style of lecturing in academies prevailed in the Song Dynasty. The Bailudong Academy, located at the foot of the Wulao Peak in Lushan, Jiangxi Province, has become the center of the dissemination of Neo-Confucianism because Zhu Xi and scholars such as Lu Jiuyuan once lectured or debated here. Since 2000, the White Deer Cave Academy has published a Chinese Academy Forum every year and held an academic seminar every year.

2. Regulations of White Deer Cave

Zhuge Changqing: College regulations are very important and can promote the healthy development of the college.

The Rules of the White Deer Cave Academy "father and son are related; Kings and ministers are righteous; Couples are different; respect for seniority; Friends have letters.

The purpose of the right five religions: Yao and Shun made Qi a Situ and respected the five religions, which is also true. Scholars learn only this, and the reason is the order of learning, there are also five things, such as the left: erudite; Interrogate; Think carefully; Distinguish clearly; Do it faithfully.

The right is the preface of learning. Learning, asking, thinking and distinguishing are the four, so the reason is poor. If you are faithful to what you do, you should cultivate your moral integrity and take care of things; Punish anger, stifle desire and correct mistakes.

The key to self-cultivation is to correct its righteousness without seeking its benefits, and to know its way without considering its merits.

The right way to do things: do not do to others what you don't want; Turn inward and examine yourself when you encounter difficulties in life.

The key to the right object is to record and read it, which is a chapter and is famous for fishing.

3. A famous poem about White Deer Cave.

White Deer Cave (Tang Dynasty) Wang Baizhen

Reading is not aware of the depth of spring. Every inch of time is an inch of gold.

It's not the Taoist to make people laugh, but Zhou Qingkong Si is pursuing it.

(The general meaning of this poem is: I concentrated on reading in the White Deer Cave, and I didn't know it was late spring. Why did I work so hard? Because life is short, and every inch of time is a inch of gold. If it wasn't for the benevolent Taoist who came to remind me with a smile, I would still be immersed in the pursuit of the essence of Duke Zhou and the ideological research of Confucius.)

5、 Foreign exchange

Zhuge Changqing: Ancient academies are the bright pearl in the process of cultural development. They inherit cultural ideas and are worthy of our study, consideration and promotion.

The style of lecturing in academies prevailed in the Song Dynasty. The Bailudong Academy, located at the foot of the Wulao Peak in Lushan, Jiangxi Province, has become the center of the dissemination of Neo-Confucianism because Zhu Xi and scholars such as Lu Jiuyuan once lectured or debated here.

Since 2000, the White Deer Cave Academy has published a Chinese Academy Forum every year and held an academic seminar every year. In late August 2010, Mr. Park Sung-jin, the permanent member of the Korean Academy Federation, and his delegation visited the White Deer Cave Academy. In late September, at the invitation of South Korea's Shaoxiu Academy, Comrade Li Hua, on behalf of the White Deer Cave Academy, went to South Korea for a week-long academic exchange and concluded a friendship academy with it.

In the middle of June 2011, South Korea's Shaoxiu Academy returned to the White Deer Cave Academy to carry out activities such as worshipping Confucius and Zhu Zi, and sang "Revealed by the White Deer Cave Academy" in Korean. In the first ten days of August, Mr. Zhu Maonan, descendant of Zhu Xi and president of the World Zhu's Federation, and his wife were invited to the hospital for cultural and academic exchanges. In the middle of August, the head of the Japanese Higher Education Institute of the Shinto Hall, Sugima Inoue, and his party were invited to visit the White Deer Cave Academy and conduct academic exchanges.

After the founding of New China, the government took a series of measures to protect and maintain the Bailudong Academy. It was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangxi Province in 1959; In 1979, the Lushan White Deer Cave Cultural Relics Management Institute was established; In 1988, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit and a national second-class nature reserve. In the same year, the White Deer Cave Academy was established as an academic research institution; In 1990, the Lushan Bailudong Academy Management Committee was established. By 2012, the Bailudong Academy has formed a comprehensive management system integrating cultural relics management, teaching, academic research, tourism reception, and forest park construction. (This article refers to the network information of Bailu Academy and the cultural research of Zhuge Changqing Academy)

国学传统文化需要代代传承，自古至今，书院是传播的好方法。

----- 诸葛长青

  顶礼盘古大帝。伏羲。女娲。孔子。老子。释迦牟尼佛。

   顶礼天。地。君。亲。师。

   顶礼炎帝。黄帝。尧帝。舜帝。禹帝。周文王。周武王。周公。李世民。

   顶礼孔子。孟子。子贡。子路。朱熹。王阳明。

     顶礼姜太公。黄石公。鬼谷子。张良。诸葛亮。

   顶礼古今所有传播国学的圣贤、所有默默奉献的人......

    中华民族，是一个有智慧、有文化的民族。

   中华民族用无量智慧，传承伏羲女娲、三皇五帝、孔子、孟子、王阳明等历代圣贤的智慧。

   而通过书院传播国学传统文化，是中华民族的一个历史创举。

   书院，是中华民族特有传承文化的民间教育机构。

   诸葛长青研究认为，中国书院，可以追溯到鬼谷子、孔子办学的书院模式。后来，民间书院越来越多，譬如，白鹿洞书院、岳麓书院等是其中明星。

    白鹿洞书院以其悠久的办学历史，深远的文化影响而被誉为"天下书院之首"，在中国教育和文化发展史上具有极为重要的意义。

  书院在我国发展，是一个迅速渐进过程。

  书院开始只是地方教育组织，最早出现在唐朝，正式的教育制度则是由朱熹创立，发展于宋代。原由富室、学者自行筹款，于山林僻静之处建学舍，或置学田收租，以充经费。

  当时，著名的书院有江西庐山的白鹿洞书院、湖南长沙的岳麓书院、河南商丘的应天书院、江西上饶的鹅湖书院、湖南衡阳石鼓山的石鼓书院、河南登封太室山的嵩阳书院等。后由朝廷赐敕额、书籍，并委派教官、调拨田亩和经费等，逐步变为半民半官性质的地方教育组织。宋仁宗庆历年间，各地州府皆建官学，一些书院与官学合并。宋神宗时，朝廷将书院的钱、粮一律拨归州学，书院一度衰落。唐宋元明清，是中国书院的繁荣时期。

   诸葛长青研究发现，我国古今很多文化传承，书院有巨大功劳。书院是传承文化的重要方式。譬如王阳明就是通过龙冈书院传播了他的心学理论。

  位于江西庐山的“白鹿书院”堪称是书院的榜样之一。  

    白鹿洞书院位于江西庐山五老峰南麓，与湖南长沙的岳麓书院、河南商丘的应天书院、河南登封的嵩阳书院，合称为"中国四大书院"。

   随着我国传统文化的崛起，很多有识之士、企业家、国学家等纷纷建设书院以振兴国学，令人感动，诸葛长青认为，为了让新建的书院发挥传承历史、传承国学、保存书籍、交流学问等目的，应当学习“白鹿书院”的建设整体模式，实现天人合一、万古流芳。

  相传白鹿书院的创始人可以追溯到南唐的李渤。

  李渤养有一只白鹿，终日相随，故人称白鹿先生。

  后来李渤就任江州(今九江)刺史，旧地重游，于此修建亭台楼阁，疏引山泉，种植花木，成为一处游览胜地。由于这里山峰回合，形如一洞，故取名为白鹿洞。

  宋朝书院讲学之风盛行。位于江西庐山五老峰下的白鹿洞书院，因朱熹和学界名流陆九渊等曾在此讲学或辩论，这里成为理学传播的中心。

  从方位格局上看，书院座北朝南，宋朝书院讲学之风盛行。位于江西庐山五老峰下的白鹿洞书院，因朱熹和学界名流陆九渊等曾在此讲学或辩论，这里成为理学传播的中心。几进几出的大四合院建筑，布局相当考究;从建筑材质结构上看，石木或砖木结构，以明、清建筑为主，屋顶为人字形硬山顶，颇具清雅淡泊之气。

  2000年开始，白鹿洞书院每年出版一本《中国书院论坛》，每年召开一次学术研讨会。

  白鹿洞书院位于江西庐山五老峰南麓，与湖南长沙的岳麓书院、河南商丘的应天书院、河南登封的嵩阳书院，合称为"中国四大书院"。新中国成立后，白鹿洞书院得到很好的保护和利用，各级政府先后拨巨款进行三次大的维修，再度兴盛。1959年列为省级文物保护单位，1988年列为全国重点文物保护单位。截至2012年，白鹿洞书院已形成集文物管理、教学、学术研究、旅游接待、林园建设五位一体的综合管理体制。

  一、白鹿洞历史沿革

   诸葛长青：书院名称，往往体现开创者的思想。而白鹿书院的名字，来自于创始人李渤喜欢养的白鹿。

  唐贞元年间，洛阳人李渤与其兄涉在此隐居读书，李渤喜欢养一头白鹿自娱，鹿通人性，跟随出人，人称"神鹿"。这里本没有洞，因地势低凹，俯视似洞，称之为"白鹿洞"。后李渤为官江州(今江西省九江市)刺史，为纪念他青年时代在此读过书，广植花木，建亭、台、楼、阁以张其事。

  南唐李氏朝廷，在此办"庐山国学"又称"白鹿国学"，与金陵秦淮河畔国子监齐名，学者争相往之。

  北宋初年，宋太宗重视书院教育，御赐《九经》等书于书院，因有朝廷重视，地方官史予以重视，书院得以发展。

  南宋淳熙六年，理学宗师朱熹知南康军(今江西省九江市星子县)，率百官造访书院，当时书院残垣断墙，杂草丛生。朱熹非常惋惜，责令官员，修复白鹿洞书院，并自任洞主，制定教规，延聘教师，招收生志，划拨田产，苦心经营。当时著名的哲学家陆象山也来到白鹿洞书院讲过学。朱熹制定的《白鹿洞书院揭示》又称《白鹿洞书院教规》影响后世几百年，其办学的模式为后世效仿，传至海外的日本、南韩及东南亚一带，白鹿洞书院誉享海外。

  元代末年，白鹿洞书院被毁于战火。

  明代最早的一次维修为正统元年(1436年)，以后还有成化、弘治、嘉靖、万历年间的维修。

  进入清代，白鹿洞书院仍有多次维修，办学不断。19世纪末期，中国的政治、经济发生急剧的变化，出现了教育改革的热潮。光绪二十四年(1898年)清帝下令变法，改书院为学堂。白鹿洞书院于光绪二十九年停办，洞田归南康府(今星子县)中学堂管理。清末宣统二年，清廷废白鹿洞书院名称，改称江西省高等林业学堂。书院于1903年停办。

  辛亥革命以后，书院遗址曾遭火灾，藏书大部分损失。

  民国七年(1918)，康有为曾题写《白鹿洞书院》横额，书院也偶有修整，但终又日益颓坏。国民党军官训练团曾一度占用书院院舍。

  抗战时期，又遭到破坏，合抱大树毁坏甚多。抗战胜利后，蒋介石曾表示白鹿洞书院由当时设在南昌的中正大学接管，作为中正大学的永久校舍，但这个计划并未实现。

  新中国成立后，白鹿洞书院得到很好的保护和利用，各级政府先后拨巨款进行三次大的维修，再度兴盛。1959年列为省级文物保护单位，1988年列为全国重点文物保护单位。

  二、白鹿洞建筑格局

  诸葛长青：白鹿洞的建筑来自于周易堪舆建筑术、道德文化魂，符合天地之道，因而流传至今。这也是天道的力量。

  书院坐北朝南，为几进几出的大四合院建筑，布局相当考究;从建筑材质结构看，书院建筑多为石木或砖木结构，屋顶均为人字形硬山顶。礼圣殿、朱子祠、御书阁、明伦堂坐落在楼阁庭院。

  主要建筑

  1、书院大门

  书院大门是一座双层飞檐单门，门上高悬明正德年间李梦阳手书的"白鹿洞书院"横额。门前古树垂荫，溪水轻吟。由近及远依次排列着五个高大的院门，由此构成五大院落，每一院落又各有两至三进。

  2、先贤书院

  白鹿洞书院第一个院落为先贤书院。主要景观有院门、二门、丹桂亭、碑廊、朱子祠、报功祠等。先贤书院由中门分为前后两进。院门上悬有李时达手书"先贤书院"横匾。门左又有中央政治局委员李铁映手书"朱熹纪念馆"金字黑漆竖匾。前院辟作一个花圃。诸葛长青：书院一般都把孔子、孟子等圣贤牌位雕像等供奉其中，体现尊崇圣人之道。

   3、朱子祠

  朱子祠为先贤书院主要建筑之一。清康熙四十八年(1709年)，应南康府教授熊士伯之请，南康知府张象文创建此祠专祀朱熹。祠中立朱熹自画像石刻，左有张象文《文公朱子专祠碑记》，右有《白鹿洞书院教条》碑刻。作为朱熹纪念馆，室内还陈列《朱熹生平事迹》共九部分。诸葛长青：由于朱熹对国学的贡献，因而很多书院都予以供奉。

  4、报功祠

  报功祠位于朱子祠西，原称先贤祠、三贤祠。曾先后祀李渤、周濂溪、程颐、程灏、张横渠、陈了前、陶靖节、刘西涧父子及其他有功于白鹿洞书院之诸先贤。作为纪念馆，祠内陈列《白鹿洞书院史展览》共五部分。诸葛长青：书院供奉圣贤中，一般都把创始人名字雕像等供奉其中。体现感恩。

  5、棂星门院

  棂星门院位于先贤书院东，为进入书院大门的第二个院落。主要景观有棂星门、泮池、状元桥、礼圣门和礼圣殿。这一组院落由礼圣门辟为前后两进。

  6、棂星门

  棂星，本来称灵星，是天田星。汉高祖刘邦做了皇帝，为了风调雨顺，百姓安乐，就命令祭祀天田星，作为祭天的头等要事。到了宋代，儒家把孔子与天相配，所以在孔庙和儒学中，也都把祭祀孔子当作祭天，所以都筑有灵星门楼，用以祭祀孔子。演变到后代，人们觉得汉代祭祀天田星是为了求得农业丰产，与孔庙里祭祀天田星一样重要，又见门的形状好像窗棂，就把"灵星"改为"棂星"。

  棂星门始建于明成化二年(1447年)，为南康知府何溶所建。明弘治十一年(1498年)，南康知府苏葵重建。原为木构建筑，后由知府周祖尧改为六柱五门的石坊。棂星石坊是白鹿洞书院最古老的建筑之一。

  7、礼圣门

  诸葛长青：这都是为了纪念圣人孔子。

  礼圣门原称先师庙门、大成门。宋淳熙九年(1182年)，朱熹迁浙东提举，出资30万嘱南康知军钱闻诗修建礼圣殿，次年由新任知府朱端章开工兴建。明弘治十六年(1503年)提学副使邵宝以颜体书"正学之门"。

  8、礼圣殿

  诸葛长青：孔子是儒家创始人，为“大成至圣先师”，因而祭拜。

  礼圣殿又名大成殿。"大成"，取自孟子"孔子之谓集大成"，宋徽宗又尊孔子为"集古圣先贤之大成"者。礼圣殿是书院祭祀孔子及其门徒的地方。殿正中有先师孔子行教立像，原为唐代吴道子摹绘。上悬清康熙御书"万世师表"匾额，像下有石龛、石香炉、石花瓶等。后壁有朱熹手书"忠、孝、廉、节"四字。殿中左右神龛有线雕"四圣"石像:复圣颜子、述圣子思、宗圣曾于、亚圣孟子。殿旁两侧神龛还有十二贤(又称十二哲)线雕小石像。

  9、白鹿书院

  诸葛长青：书院是人们学习、读书、思考、教学、交流、研究、辩论的主要地点。

  白鹿书院位于棂星门院东，为进入书院大门的第三个院落。主要景观有院门、御书阁、明伦堂、鹿洞、思贤台等。白鹿书院门楼重檐灰瓦，檐下花岗岩石额上由赵朴初题写"白鹿书院"四字。门内又是一个小院，东西各辟出一排厢房，廊柱卜有诗联。西廊柱联:"雨过琴书润，风来翰墨香"。东廊柱联:"傍百年树，读万卷书"。院中设六边形石桌一张，桌下石柱刻有精致的浮雕狮子滚绣球、猛虎下山、奔马等图案，石桌周围另设六个青石鼓墩。

  10、御书阁

  御书阁又名圣经阁、圣旨楼。始建于南宋，现阁为清康熙五十四年(1715年)，南康知府叶谦、知县毛德琦重修，二层正中有"御书阁"竖额。阁中先后藏有朱熹奏请宋高宗御赐《九经注疏》、《论语》、《孟子》;康熙二十五年(1686年)，御赐《十三经注疏》、《廿一史》、《古文渊鉴》、《朱子全集》等书。诸葛长青：很多书院一个重要作用是藏书、印刷书籍，古代很多书籍，就是通过这种方式流传下来的。诸葛长青看到，余秋雨先生的很多智慧都是从一座山中书院大量古代藏书中汲取的，所以我们要感恩前辈们的无量功德。

  11、明伦堂

  诸葛长青：明伦堂，就是朱熹先生提出的“五伦”---父子有亲、君臣有义、夫妻有别、长幼有序、朋友有信。明伦堂又名彝伦堂。明正统三年(1438年)，南康知府翟溥福建，明弘治十年(1497年)，江西提学佥事苏葵重建。明伦堂原为书院讲堂，是白鹿洞书院中的重要场所。堂内现存康熙二十五年(1686年)安世鼎撰写的《御书阁碑记》。

  12、白鹿洞

  白鹿洞书院最初没有洞，有人认为这是一件罕事。明嘉靖九年(1530年)，南康知府王溱祭山开洞，刻湛若水《心性图说》于碑屏、《四勿总箴》于洞壁。吕棺撰《新辟白鹿洞记》。直到嘉靖十四年(1535年)，南康知府何岩才置石鹿于洞中，并作《石鹿记》。明万历四十二年(1614年)，参议葛寅亮认为不应开洞置鹿，于是将石鹿从洞中取出埋于地下。1982年，维修礼圣殿时发现石鹿，又重新置于洞中。这是一尊跪式石鹿，双耳直竖，神态机敏。在雕刻上刀法简练，线条柔和。这尊石鹿是书院仪存的明代实物。

  13、思贤台

  明嘉靖三十年(1551年)，江西巡按曹汴在白鹿洞上筑思贤亭，并作《思贤亭记》。思贤台依山而立，为全院的最高点。

  14、紫阳书院

  紫阳书院位于白鹿书院东。为进入书院大门的四个院落。主要景观有门楼、崇德祠、行台等。这一组院落，因朱熹别号为紫阳，故名为紫阳书院。花岗岩门楼上，由冯友兰先生题写"紫阳书院"四字匾额。全院由中门分为二进。前院两侧有碑廊，总称为白鹿洞书院东碑廊。

 15、碑廊

  前院中有翰墨云集的西碑廊，碑廊中有修建记文、洞规教义、诗词歌赋、游记题词等各色字碑。其中最具传奇色彩的是紫霞真人手书的《游白鹿洞歌》。相传明万历年间，一位身着麻衣芒鞋的道人云游至白鹿洞。饱览这里的山川景物之后，信手采一把蒲草，在院墙上写下这首长歌，落款是紫霞真人。学子们闻声赶来，只见墙上游龙舞风，墨色灿然，却不见道人的踪影。人们盛传，这紫霞真人就是明嘉靖年间的头名状元罗洪先，因为他弃官后云游四方，晚年隐居庐山。

  16、崇德祠

  清康熙毛德琦《白鹿洞书院志》同治十年(1871年)补刊记载:"道光十八年(1838年)，新造崇德祠头门三间，祠东添建号舍四间，祠后老新八间，今改三重共九间。"1989年，重修为凹字形平房。

  17、行台

  清康熙毛德琦《白鹿洞书院志》同治十年补刊记载:道光十八年(1838年)，"新造行台前头门三大间"。1989年重修，现为四柱五问的长方形平房。行台现用作"白鹿洞书院历代名人蜡像陈列馆"，其中陈列"李渤与白鹿"、"朱熹与生徒切磋"等神态逼真的蜡像群。

  18、延宾馆

  延宾院位于紫阳书院东，为进入书院大门的最后一个院落。原主要建筑

有延宾馆门、憩斋、逸园、贯道门、春风楼等。延宾馆建成于明成化五年(1469年)，由江西提学佥事李龄出资建馆。当时的洞主胡居仁作《延宾馆记》，文中记述白鹿洞书院盛况，"好古学义之士，自公卿以至岩穴之贤，来游是洞者接武联镳"，于是李龄建立延宾馆，热情款待四方来客。延宾馆最北端的春风楼，为历代洞主著述下榻之处。

  19、独对亭

  独对亭在延宾馆东南，左翼山下，这里西对五老峰，下临圣泽泉，崖石峻峭，涧水湍急。原为北宋丞相李万卷校勘书籍之所，因此又称为勘书台。明弘治十四年(1501年)，提学副使邵宝为纪念朱熹，在此择地建亭，取名独对亭。

  20、枕流桥

  独对亭东行数十步，贯道溪在这里遽然劈为两支。溪上石桥独立，桥下溪流出峡，飞湍陡绝，大石横枕。由此，巨石名为枕流石，石桥名为枕流桥。峡门中水石相激，怒若飞霆，激起而喷，若烟若霞，这是书院中一处胜境，称为小三峡。诸葛长青：根据山间流水树木景观，起一些诗意名字，自成千古佳境。

  21、流芳桥

   贯道溪出峡口向东，迂回流山南折而下。山上原有六合亭，山下跨溪有流芳桥，又称濯缨桥。朱熹知军时所建。流芳桥面对五老峰，溪流绀洁。最初小桥无名，宋嘉定十-年(1218年)四月，南康知军陈宓与张琚、罗思、姚鹿卿、张绍、潘柄、李燔、胡泳、缪惟一等会讲洞中，歌颂朱熹之芳泽，并特别将桥名为"流芳"。陈宓在桥北刻"流芳"两字，又在桥东石壁上刻《流芳桥志》。康熙五十一年(1712年)，流芳桥圮塌。此后，经过多次修建。现桥为解放后重修。

  三、地理环境

  白鹿洞书院位于江西省庐山五老峰山下，山南景区东北端，紧靠九星公路旁，距星子县城9公里。白鹿洞书院所处地属于亚热带季风气候，夏季高温多雨，冬季温和少雨。热量充足，气温年交差小，降水丰沛，但季节变化较大。

  四、白鹿洞历史文化

  1、历史渊源

  相传书院的创始人可以追溯到南唐的李渤。李渤养有一只白鹿，终日相随，故人称白鹿先生。后来李渤就任江州(今九江)刺史，旧地重游，于此修建亭台楼阁，疏引山泉，种植花木，成为一处游览胜地。由于这里山峰回合，形如一洞，故取名为白鹿洞。宋朝书院讲学之风盛行。位于江西庐山五老峰下的白鹿洞书院，因朱熹和学界名流陆九渊等曾在此讲学或辩论，这里成为理学传播的中心。2000年开始，白鹿洞书院每年出版一本《中国书院论坛》，每年召开一次学术研讨会。

  2、白鹿洞学规

  诸葛长青：书院院规很重要，可以促进学院健康发展。

  《白鹿洞书院学规》父子有亲;君臣有义;夫妇有别;长幼有序;朋友有信。

  右五教之目:尧舜使契为司徒，敬敷五教，即此是也。学者学此而已，而其所以为学之序，亦有五焉，具列如左: 博学之;审问之;慎思之;明辨之;笃行之。

  右为学之序，学、问、思、辨，四者,所以穷理也。若夫笃行之事，则自修身以至于处事接物，亦各有要，具列如左: 言忠信，行笃敬;惩忿窒欲，迁善改过。

  右修身之要: 正其义不谋其利，明其道不计其功。

  右处事之要: 己所不欲，勿施于人;行有不得，反求诸己。

  右接物之要:其务记览，为词章，以钓声名。

     3、关于白鹿洞的名诗。

     白鹿洞（唐）王白贞
   读书不觉已春深，一寸光阴一寸金。
   不是道人来引笑，周情孔思正追寻。

   （这首诗的大体意思是：我在白鹿洞专心读书不知不觉春天已深，我为何这样努力？因为人生苦短，一寸光阴一寸金啊。如果不是修行的道人过来善意微笑提醒，我还沉浸在追寻周公的精义、孔子的思想研究之中呢。）

    五、对外交流

  诸葛长青：古代书院,是文化发展过程中的灿烂明珠，书院传承文化思想，值得我们研究、思考和推进。

   宋朝书院讲学之风盛行。位于江西庐山五老峰下的白鹿洞书院，因朱熹和学界名流陆九渊等曾在此讲学或辩论，这里成为理学传播的中心。

   2000年开始，白鹿洞书院每年出版一本《中国书院论坛》，每年召开一次学术研讨会。 2010年8月下旬韩国书院联合会常任理事朴成镇先生一行来白鹿洞书院进行访问。9月下旬黎华同志应韩国绍修书院之邀，代表白鹿洞书院赴韩进行为期一周的学术交流，并与之缔结为友好书院。

   2011年6月中旬韩国绍修书院回访白鹿洞书院，开展祭拜孔子、朱子等活动，并用韩文吟唱《白鹿洞书院揭示》。8月上旬邀请朱熹后裔、世界朱氏联合会会长朱茂男先生偕夫人来院进行文化学术交流。8月中旬日本兴让馆高等学校理事长井上数马一行应邀，参观白鹿洞书院并进行学术交流。

    新中国成立后，政府采取一系列措施对白鹿洞书院进行保护和维修。1959年列为江西省文物保护单位;1979年成立庐山白鹿洞文物管理所;1988年公布为全国重点文物保护单位和国家二级自然保护区，同年设置作为学术研究机构的白鹿洞书院建置;1990年成立庐山白鹿洞书院管理委员会。截止至2012年，白鹿洞书院已形成集文物管理、教学、学术研究、旅游接待、林园建设五位一体的综合管理体制。（本文参考白鹿书院网络资料、诸葛长青书院文化研究）

 (This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

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