Master Kumarashi: Translator of the Seven Buddhas

鸠摩罗什大师：七佛译经师

amitabha. Thank Master Kumarashi for his selfless contribution to the cause of human Buddhism.

-----Zhuge Changqing

amitabha.

The spread of Buddhist scriptures cannot be separated from the translation of Buddhist scriptures.

In the history of China, Master Kumarashi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the outstanding translators.

Master Kumarashi is known as the translator of the Seven Buddhas.

Why do you say that?

Master Xuanhua explained that Master Kumarashi was the translator of the past seven Buddhas. He translated the classics of the past seven Buddhas, so he has boundless wisdom. He is so intelligent that no ordinary person can match him; He is really a good knowledge. It is with his selfless dedication that we can see the wisdom of the Infinite Sutra.

Zhuge Changqing: When we read the Buddhist sutras, we will find that many Buddhist sutras, such as the Buddha Says Amitabha Sutra, the Dharma Hua Sutra and the Vajra Sutra, are translated by Master Kumarashi. amitabha.

Looking back on the past, we are grateful for the dedication of Master Kumarashi.

Master Kumarashi, what does his name mean?

"Kumarashi" is Sanskrit, translated into Chinese, it is called "Tongshou", and children are children; Longevity means long life and longevity. Let's talk about it here as an "old man". In his childhood, he has the virtue of the old man and the virtue of the old man. That is to say, although Kumarashi is a child and young, he has great wisdom, great eloquence, great morality, the demeanor of the elders, the virtue of the elders, and the thought of the elders, so he is called Tong Shou; It is not his long life, but his virtue.

Zhuge Changqing shared the information of Master Kumarashi compiled by Xiu'e about good knowledge with the predestined.

Kumarajiva (344-413 AD), born in Sanskrit Kumarajiva, was born in the country of Kucha in the ancient Western Regions. It is also translated as Kumarashva, Kumaraqiva, or Rash, or Tongshou. He was an eminent monk and translator in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Later Qin Dynasty. On August 20, the 11th year of Yao Xinghong's reign in the late Qin Dynasty, that is, the fifth year of Emperor Anyi Xi's reign in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (409 AD), Kumarashi passed away in Chang'an and was cremated in Xiaoyao Garden.

Kumarashi (344 – 413 AD), a native of Kucha (Shule, Xinjiang), was intelligent from childhood. He became a monk with his mother when he was seven years old. He once traveled to various countries in India, visited famous teachers and great virtues, and studied profound meanings. He was young and progressive, and he was well known and remembered, so he received much attention and praise. When he was in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he came to China to translate scriptures and became one of China's great translators. Because the translation is very concise and clear, and the natural interpretation of the wonderful meaning is unobstructed, it is deeply loved by people, and widely spread, and has made great contributions to the development of Buddhism.

◎ The wise son of Kucha ◎

Kumarashi's father, Kumoyan, is a native of India. He has a prominent family background and has been the prime minister from generation to generation. His father, Kumarato, is famous for his casual manner. Hatoyama Yan is gifted and has high integrity. He should have inherited the aspect. However, he not only refused, but also resolutely became a monk. Later, he went to the country of Kucha from Congling to the east. The king of Kucha admired him very much, so he went to the suburbs to meet him and invited him to be the national teacher.

Kumarashi's mother, the younger sister of the king of Kucha, is highly intelligent and can never forget and understand the wonderful meaning. His body has a red mole, which is the characteristic of the birth of a noble son according to the law of life. At the age of two decades, although there are dignitaries from all countries competing to propose marriage, she refused to agree. When I saw Hatoyama, I fell in love with him and decided to marry him.

When Kumarashi's mother became pregnant, both her memory and understanding were doubled, and she could even speak the language without a teacher. Everyone was very surprised. An Arhat Dharma Qusha said, "This phenomenon must be a child with wisdom. When Sharif was born, his mother was twice as intelligent as before." When Kumarashi was born, his mother immediately forgot the Latin language.

Soon after, Kumarashi's mother wanted to become a monk, but her husband did not allow her to become a monk. Later, she gave birth to a boy, named Versativa. When she went out of the city to visit, she saw the dead bones scattered everywhere among the waste graves, so she deeply thought that the body is the bitter root, and vowed to become a monk. However, her husband Hatoyama Yan insisted not to agree, so she went on a hunger strike to protest. After six days, her strength was exhausted and her life was in suspense. Her husband had to bear the pain. However, she resolutely refused to eat any food before her hair fell, so she immediately ordered someone to shave her hair before eating. The next day, he formally accepted the precepts, and then practiced Zen, and finally proved Xutuohuan.

At that time, at the age of seven, Kumarashi also became a monk with his mother. Kumarashi followed the teacher to learn the scriptures, and recited thousands of verses every day, each of which has 32 words and a total of 32000 words. After reciting the Apitan Sutra in this way, the teacher explained the scriptures for Kumarashi. Unexpectedly, Kumarashi already knew the wonderful meaning by himself, and did not need to guide him sentence by sentence. Zhuge Changqing: The parents' experience of learning Buddhism has created a good atmosphere for Kumarashi.

The master of Xuanhua explained that after becoming a monk, Kumarashi learned the teachings of Mahayana; He worships a master, who? His master's name is Pandado, also known as Pandado. Every day, Dharma Master Kumarashi reads a thousand verses; There are thirty-six words in each chant, and thirty-six thousand words in this thousand chants. Look! He can recite it in a day; The Fahua Sutra is more than 60000 words. It only takes him two days to recite a Fahua Sutra. Once he read it, he remembered it and will never forget it; Unlike us, who have read it once, twice, three or five times, and have read it for more than one month, two months or three months, but still can't recite it, we have to read it with a notebook. Some people who don't read books also make many mistakes. Dharma Master Kumarashi never forgets anything. He will remember it after reading it once.

Ah! At the age of seven, Master Kumarashi recited 36000 words a day; Think about it! How does this intelligence compare with each of us? You said that if we compare with Kumarashi, how should we compare?

Dharma Master Kumarashi learned 36000 words a day, and soon learned all the Mahayana scriptures mentioned by Buddha. After that, he learned all the medical skills in the world - medicine, divination, astrology, phase, all of which he learned. Medicine is a book about medicine and medicine; Divination is divination; Star, is to use the constellation position of birth to show people how fate is? How is your life? Face, that is, face. Look at your face. Which part is more expensive? Which place is not expensive? How do rich people look? What about the appearance of poor people? This is called physiognomy. Dharma Master Kumarashi has learned all the medical astrology and all the characters in the world.

◎ Participate in learning and promote Bodhisattva's heart ◎

Since Kumarashi's mother was the sister of King Kucha, the people of the whole country specially supported their mother and son. The mother of Kumarashi was deeply afraid that the rich benefits would affect the spiritual practice, so she took her son to avoid other countries. At this time, Kumarashi was only nine years old. He crossed the Xintou River with his mother to the state of Jianbin and met the famous German mage Pantou Dado (the cousin of Jianbin King). Kumarashi stopped learning the "Middle Ahan Sutra" and the "Long Ahan Sutra", totaling four million words. Pando often praised Kumarashi's god, wisdom and talent, and King Jianbin heard the praise. He invited Kumarashi to enter the palace, and at the same time, he called many foreign theorists together to ask him questions. The result was that the foreign world was all convinced. Therefore, King Jianbin paid more respect to Kumarash and offered him the gift of the guests.

When Kumarashi was twelve years old, his mother took him back to the country of Kucha. Kumarashi's high reputation spread far and wide, and many countries scrambled to hire him, but Kumarashi did not move. At that time, Rush's mother led him to the North Mountain of the Moon. When an Arhat saw Kumarashi, he was very surprised and told his mother, "You should always guard this little monk. If he can reach the age of thirty-five without breaking the precepts, he will greatly promote Buddhism and save countless sentient beings."

Soon after their mother and son arrived in Shale, the young Kumarashi put the Buddha tripod on his head easily. At this moment, he thought to himself: "The Buddha tripod is very big, why is it so light?" He had this idea. He immediately felt that the Buddha tripod was too heavy and not strong enough, and he did not feel that he lost it. The Buddha tripod immediately fell down. When his mother asked why, he replied, "Children's hearts are different and persistent, so there is a difference in the weight of Buddha tripods."

Kumarashi followed his mother and participated in the study and promotion of Buddhism in various places. He not only reached a higher level in Buddhism, but also became famous all over the world.

The king of Kucha also went to Wensu to welcome the mother and son of Kumarashi back home for enlightenment. The country of Kucha originally belongs to the Mahayana Dharma. Kumarashi has held Mahayana Dharma feasts, and everyone who hears it is happy to praise it. At this time, Kumarashi was twenty years old, so he received the precept in the palace and learned the "Ten Recitations" from the Bhimora fork.

Soon, Kumarashi's mother decided to practice in Tianzhu. She said goodbye to King Kucha and said, "Your national fortune will soon wane." She went to Tianzhu alone and proved that Anahan was brave and progressive.

When she asked for Tianzhu, she once said to Kumarashi, "It depends on your strength to spread the profound teachings such as the Great Cheng Fang to the East (China). But this grand thing has no benefit to you. What should we do?"

Kumarashi replied, "The way of Mahayana Bodhisattva is to benefit others and forget yourself. If I can spread the Buddha's teachings and awaken the confused sentient beings, although I will suffer from the heat and soup, I have no resentment at all." Zhuge Changqing said: To learn Buddhism, we should follow the path of Mahayana Buddha and live by ourselves. This is in line with the compassion of Buddha and Bodhisattva.

◎ The Mahayana and the Rider are teachers to each other ◎

Kumarashi continued to stay in the country of Kucha. Soon after, he found the "Light Release Sutra" in the old wing of the Buddhist temple. When he started to read the scriptures, he suddenly saw a blank wooden ultimatum. He knew that the evil was behind the scenes, and his determination to recite the scriptures was stronger. So the magic failed, and the writing of the scripture immediately appeared, so he read and studied the "Light Release Sutra".

But suddenly heard from the air: "You are a wise man, how do you need to read the" Luminous Sutra "

Kumarashi said, "You are a little devil. You should leave quickly! My mind, like the earth, cannot be turned at all."

Kumarashi read many Mahayana scriptures in the country of Kucha. In two years, he has been able to understand the mystery of Mahayana teachings.

The king of Kucha built a golden master seat for Kumarashi, which was covered with a beautiful cushion. He respectfully asked Kumarashi to ascend to the throne. But Kumarashi said, "My master in the state of Jabin has not yet understood the wonderful meaning of Mahayana. I want to go to explain to him in person, so I can't stay here long."

Soon, the master of Kumarashi turned his head to Dado and traveled thousands of miles to Kucha.

The king of Kucha asked Pan Tou Da Duo, "Why do you come to his country from a distant place?"

Pan Tou Da Duo said, "First, I heard that my disciple Kumarashi had extraordinary insight, and second, I heard that the king was trying to promote Buddhism, so I came to your country with great hardships."

When Kumarashi heard the news of Master's arrival, he was very happy to pay taxes and finally realized his original wish.

Kumarashi first spoke to the Master about the Virtuous Woman Questioning Sutra, because both of them did not believe in the cause, emptiness and falsehood of the Sutra. Therefore, we should first expound this sutra to break the mystery and enlighten.

Pan Tou Da Duo asked Kumarashi, "You advocate the Mahayana classics. Have you ever seen any wonderful meanings?"

Kumarashi replied, "Mahayana's theory is quite profound. It clarifies the true meaning of my emptiness and Dharma emptiness; Mahayana is partial to the truth and has many defects."

Pan Tou Da Duo said: "You think all laws are empty, which is very terrible! What about those who abandon the 'law' and love the 'justice of emptiness'? Once upon a time, there was a arrogant man who ordered the weaver to make the finest cotton silk. The weaver was ingenious and specially weaved the fine silk like dust. The madman also thought it was too thick. The weaver was furious and pointed at the air and said,' This is the finest cotton silk! 'The madman asked in doubt:' Why can't I see it? 'The weaver said,' This cotton silk Silk, it's very meticulous. An excellent weaver like me can't see it, let alone others. ' The madman was so happy that he paid the weaver. Now you are talking about the empty method, just like that story. "

Kumarashi tried his best to explain Mahayana's wonderful meaning by analogy. After more than a month of debate between the master and the apprentice, he finally persuaded the Pan Tou Da Duo. Zhuge Changqing: Amitabha. It is amazing that teachers and apprentices discuss each other and become teachers and apprentices.

Pan Tou Da Duo exclaimed, "Master failed to understand, and the apprentice inspired master's mind. This is confirmed today."

He bowed to Kumarashi and said, "The monk is my master of Mahayana, and I am the master of the monk Mahayana."

Mahayana and Mahayana are masters and disciples of each other. It's a good story!

◎ Fu Jianmu De Zheng the Western Regions ◎

Kumarashi's divine thoughts and talents spread throughout the western region. Everyone admired them and held a sermon every year. The kings of the western region gathered to hear the Dharma and knelt down beside the Dharma seat of Kumarashi to let him step onto the Dharma seat.

The reputation of Kumarashi spread not only to the West, but also to China. Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty had long heard of the famous people and had the idea of welcoming them.

In the 13th year of Fu Jian's reign (376 AD), Tai Shi wrote: "In the frontier of foreign countries, there is a shining star. In the future, there should be a wise man of great virtue who will come to China."

Fu Jian said, "I heard that there was a Kumarashi in the Western Regions, and there was Shi Dao'an in Xiangyang. That foreign sage must be Kumarashi!"

The king of the front of Shanshan and the younger brother of the king of Kucha came together to pay tribute to Fu Jian, saying that there were abundant pearl treasures in the Western Regions, and they should send troops to fight against them. In February of the seventeenth year of the Jianyuan reign of Fu Jian in the pre-Qin Dynasty (380 AD), King Shanshan and other people again called for a crusade against the Western Regions. So in September of the next year, Fu Jian sent General Lv Guang, General Lingjiang Jiang Fei, together with King Shanshan and Cheshi, to lead 70000 troops to fight against Kucha and the Uqi countries.

Before leaving, Fu Jian held a farewell banquet at Jianzhang Palace, He said to Lv Guang, "The emperor obeys the law of heaven and governs the country and loves the people like a son. What is the reason for taking the land and conquering? It's just because he misses the great virtue and wise man in the distance! I heard that there is a master of Kumarashi in the western region who understands Buddhism deeply, is good at the theory of yin and yang, and is the master of the later learning. I miss him very much. A wise man is the great treasure of the country. If you defeat the country of Kucha, you should escort him back to the country as soon as possible."

As soon as Lv Guang's army set out, Kumarashi told Wang Baichun of Kucha, "The fortune of Kucha is declining, and there will be strong enemies coming from the east. You should greet them respectfully, and don't send troops to resist." But the king of Kucha did not listen to the advice and led the army to fight hard, but was beaten to pieces, and Wang Baichun of Kucha was also killed.

◎ After several times of wind and frost, I stepped into the east ◎

Lv Guang was very energetic. After recovering the country of Kucha, he established Bai Zhen, the younger brother of Bai Chun, as the king of Kucha. Lv Guang captured Kumarash. Seeing that he was young and did not know the depth of his wisdom, he teased him as a common man. Lv Guang forces Kumarashi to marry Princess Kucha, and Kumarashi resigns. Lv Guang also ordered Kumarashi to ride a bull and a horse to see the funny picture of him falling from the back of the bull and horse. After several times of disgusting bullying, Kumarashi endured humiliation with no anger at all. Finally, Lv Guang felt ashamed and stopped his contemptuous behavior.

Lv Guang led his army back to the country and camped at the foot of the mountain. Kumarashi said, "You can't stay here, or the whole army will be in a mess and should move the army to the plateau."

Lv Guang ignored Kumarashi's suggestion and remained the same. That night, as expected, it rained heavily, and the mountain torrents broke out. The water was tens of meters deep, and thousands of soldiers died. At this time, Lv Guang just felt the magic of Kumarashi.

Kumarashi also said to Lv Guang, "This dangerous place of death is not suitable for staying for a long time. You should quickly lead your troops back to the country, and you must find a good place to live in."

Lv Guang followed Kumarashi's advice and quickly led his troops away. When the army arrived in Liangzhou (now Wuwei County, Gansu Province), it was said that Fu Jian had been killed by Yao Chang. Lv Guang ordered the three armies to serve in mourning and establish themselves as emperor. The country name was Liang (later Liang in history), and the Jianyuan was Tai'an.

In the first month of the second year of Tai'an (387 AD), there was a strong wind in Guzang. Kumarashi said: "The ominous gale shows that there will be a rebellion, but there is no need to move the masses, and it can be calmed!"

Sure enough, in the second year of Lv Guanglong's flight, Linsong, Lu Shuihu, Qu Nancheng, Mengxun and others in Zhangye rebelled and publicly promoted Duanye, the governor of Jiankang, as the leader of the alliance.

Lv Guang immediately sent Lv Zao, the prince of Taiyuan, the governor of Qinzhou, the son of his concubine, to lead 50000 elite soldiers to the crusade. At that time, everyone believed that Duan Ye and others were just a mob, while Lv Zai had the voice of authority, and would be able to calm the chaos. Lu Guang also visited Kumarashi with confidence. Kumarashi said, "I observe this trip and can't win back."

Soon, Lv Zao was defeated in Heli. Later, Guo Xin also started fighting and rioted, and Lv compiled led the army back, but was defeated by Guo Xin. The whole army was destroyed, and Lv compiled had to abandon his armour and return home.

◎ Five-color silk rope sees good luck and bad luck ◎

Lv Guang attached great importance to the minister Zhang Zi. Once Zhang Zi was ill in bed. Lv Guang was very anxious and invited many famous doctors to treat him, but the medicine failed. Suddenly, a foreign practitioner named Luo Cha claimed to be able to make Zhang Zi recover. Lv Guang believed it and rewarded Luo Cha with many treasures.

Kumarashi knew that Rocha was deceiving, so he went to tell Zhang Zi: "Rocha can't cure your disease. It's only futile! Although the fortune of people is faint, it can be measured by some phenomena."

Kumarashi knotted the rope with five colors of silk, then burned it into ash, and then threw it into the water. He said that if the ash powder surfaced, it would converge into a piece of silk rope, which showed that Zhang Zi's disease could not be cured. In a flash, the ash of the rope was floating on the water surface, and it became the shape of the original silk rope.

Zhang Zi died after taking the medicine for a few days. Soon, Lu Guang also died. Lu Shao, the prince of Lv Guang, succeeded to the throne, but a few days later, Lv Zai killed Lv Shao and became independent, and founded Xianning.

◎ Chess game and secret answer ◎

In the second year of Xianning, Lv Zai had a series of strange things. A sow was found to have three piglets. Another night, a flying dragon appeared from the well in the east wing, climbed to the front of the main hall and lay flat, and disappeared at daybreak. Lv Zao thought this was a kind of auspicious sign, so he called the main hall the Dragon Flying Hall. Soon after, there was news that a black dragon was flying in the Jiugong Gate, so Lv Zai changed the Jiugong Gate to Longxing Gate.

Kumarashi said to Lv Zao, "The appearance of the monster pig in recent days is a symbol of strange things that will happen. Hidden dragons travel, and it is not auspicious. Dragons belong to the yin category, and there are times to go in and out, but they often appear in recent times, which symbolizes the coming of disasters. There will certainly be the usurpation of subordinates, and you should exercise self-restraint and virtue to save the fate." But Lv Zao did not take advice.

One day, Lv Zai played chess with Kumarashi. Lv Zai ate a piece of Kumarashi's chess. Lv Zai said, "Kill Hu Nutou." Kumarashi replied, "You can't kill Hu Nutou. Hu Nu will kill the head." Kumarashi's words are insinuative, but Lv Zai failed to wake up.

Lu Bao, the younger brother of Lv Guang, had a son named Lu Chao, whose small name was Hu Nu. Later, he killed Lv Zai and made his elder brother Lu Long emperor. At that time, everyone suddenly understood the prophecy of Kumarashi.

◎ Classics Translation Association ◎

Yao Chang killed Fu Jian and established the post Qin Dynasty. He owned the land of Guanzhong. He had humbly invited Kumarashi to come. But the royal family of Lu was afraid that the magic and wisdom of Kumarashi, once used by Yao Chang, would be detrimental to the Liang Kingdom established by Lu, so Kumarashi was not allowed to travel east.

After the death of Yao Chang, the crown prince Yao Xing succeeded to the throne and sent an envoy to the Liangguo to urge Kumarashi, but it was still in vain.

In March of the first three years of Yao Xinghong's reign in the late Qin Dynasty (401 AD), in the Xiaoyao Garden in the temple, the green onions turned into angelica dahurica, which was recognized as auspicious and symbolized the coming of the Great Virtuous Wise Man. In May of the same year, Yao Xing sent Longxi Shuode to attack Lulong, the Liang State, in the west. Lulong's army was defeated. Until Lulong surrendered on the table in September, Kumarashi could go to Guanzhong. At this time, he was 58 years old.

On December 20, the third year of Hongshi, Kumarashi arrived in Chang'an. Yao Xing was extremely fond of taxes and treated Kumarashi with the gift of a national teacher. The following year, he was urged to translate Buddhist scriptures in Ximing Pavilion and Xiaoyao Garden. More than 800 people were selected to participate in the translation site, including Shamen Monk Qi, Monk Qian, Faqin, Daoliu, Daoheng, Daobiao, Seng Rui, and Seng Zhao.

Kumarashi has translated the Zhonglun, Bailun, Twelve Gate Theory, Prajna Sutra, Fahua Sutra, Great Wisdom Sutra, Vima Sutra, Huashou Sutra, Chengshi Sutra, Amitabha Sutra, Infinite Life Sutra, Shoushurangama Samadhi Sutra, Shizui Sutra, Sitting Samadhi Sutra, Maitreya Sutra, Maitreya Sutra of the Next Life, Shimantra Sutra, Shimantra Sutra, Bodhisattva Sutra Buddha, Bodhisattva, etc. The total number of translations, according to Volume 2 of "The Collection of Exodus of Sanzang", has 35 parts and 297 volumes; According to the fourth volume of Kaiyuan Record, there are seventy-four volumes, 384 volumes.

During the reign of Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism came to China. After the Wei and Jin dynasties, the number of classics translated into Chinese gradually increased, but the translated works were not smooth, which was a gap from the original Sanskrit.

Kumarashi, who had been detained in Liangguo for 17 years, was very familiar with the local customs of China and could use it freely in language and writing. In addition, he was originally knowledgeable and had literary literacy. Therefore, in the translation of classics, it was natural, vivid and consistent with Miao Yi, creating an unprecedented grand occasion in the mileage of translation.

◎ Great master of the past and the future ◎

From the classics translated by Kumarashi, we can see that what he is committed to promoting is mainly the Mahayana Medieval Thought of the Dragon-Tree System established based on the Prajna Sutra. His translation of scriptures has had a great impact on the history of Buddhism in China.

The Zhonglun, the Bailun, and the Twelve-member Theory were later carried forward by Daosheng in the south, and through Sanglang, Sanggan, and Falang, to Jizang in the Sui Dynasty. Therefore, Kumarashi is regarded as the ancestor of the Three Theories. The three theories, together with the Theory of Great Wisdom, became the school of four theories. In addition, the Fahua Sutra is the end of the Tiantai Sect; The theory of Chengshi is the fundamental code of Chengshi Sect; The Amitabha Sutra and the Ten Dwellers of Pivasha are the basis of Pure Land Sect; The Sutra of Maitreya Becoming a Buddha contributed to the development of Maitreya belief; The Samadhi Sutra of Sitting Zen promotes the prevalence of Bodhisattva Zen; The Vatican Sutra enables China to disseminate Mahayana precepts widely; "Ten Recitations of Laws" is an important classic for studying law In the history of Buddhism, Kumarashi has played an important role. Zhuge Changqing: Amitabha. Thank Master Kumarashi.

Kumarashi is very fond of Mahayana teachings and aims to explain the wonderful principles. However, observing the situation in China at that time, he could not help sighing and saying, "If I wrote Mahayana Apitan, it would never be comparable to Gadanzi. Now, there are few people with profound knowledge and foresight in China, and I am afraid it is difficult to get a resonance. I am here, like a bird with broken feathers, what will I do?" Kumarashi said sadly!

Later, Kumarashi wrote only two volumes of "Theory of Reality" and the annotation of "Vima Sutra". His diction was graceful and clear, and he did not need to be edited, but his literary grace was brilliant. He once wrote to Huiyuan in Lushan to answer questions. Later generations specially compiled his answer to Huiyuan's 18 subjects and three volumes of Mahayana righteousness into "Mahayana righteousness chapter".

◎ The tea is close to the back and the tongue is not burnt. ◎

Yao Xing often fantasized and said to Kumarashi, "Master, you are smart and intelligent, and you are the best in the world. If you die, the Dharma will be cut off and no one can inherit." So Yao Xing forced Kumarashi to accept ten women.

Kumarashi suffered terribly, but he had to endure humiliation in order to translate the scriptures. Since then, Kumarashi has moved to other places instead of living in Buddhist monasteries. Every time I rise to the throne and speak the scriptures, I often say with great care, "For example, if lotus grows in the stinky mud, you only need to pick the lotus instead of touching the stinky mud!"

Some people have a contemptuous attitude towards Kumarashi and also want to imitate it. Kumarashi gathered the public and came to the bowl full of iron needles. He said with a fixed face, "If you can learn from me to swallow this bowl of needles, you can learn from me. Otherwise, I hope you can do things with ease, observe the precepts, and never breed delusions!" After that, he immediately swallowed the bowl of iron needles, just like eating. When the public saw this rare display, they were dumbfounded and felt very ashamed.

Kumarashi studied from a lawyer in the country of Kucha. When Bhimora forked into the Guanzhong Pass, Kumarash was very happy and went to worship. Having no idea of the persecution of Kumarashi, Bhumaraka asked, "How many disciples are there who have received the Dharma?" Kumarashi replied, "The laws of the Chinese scriptures are not yet complete. Most of the new scriptures and theories are translated by me, and 3000 disciples follow me to learn the Dharma. However, I... have deep karma and have not followed the teachings of Master!"

There was a monk who passed the cup in Pengcheng. When he heard that Kumarashi was in Chang'an, he sighed with a sigh: "I haven't seen him for more than three hundred years. I'm afraid we will meet again in the next life."

Kumarashi knew that his life was over, but he still hoped to continue to translate and spread the Dharma. When he felt slightly that his body was out of tune, he held a mantra for himself three times, and invited foreign disciples to recite it together, but he was unable to return to heaven. Before the death, Kumarashi said goodbye to the monks, "We met because of the Dharma, but I have not yet done my best, but I am going to leave. How sad it is! I think I am stupid, and I am honored to translate the Buddhist scriptures. I have translated more than 300 volumes of the scriptures, only the Ten Recitations One has not yet been approved. If you can save the purport, there must be no mistakes. I hope that all translated classics can be handed down to later generations and carried forward. Now I make an honest vow in front of the public - if the classics I interpret are correct, I hope my tongue will not burn after my body is cremated. "

On August 20, the 11th year of Yao Xinghong's reign in the late Qin Dynasty, that is, the fifth year of Emperor Anyi Xi's reign in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (409 AD), Kumarashi passed away in Chang'an and was cremated in the Xiaoyao Garden. When the ash and smoke went out, his body was shattered, and only his tongue was still alive. Zhuge Changqing: Amitabha. Thank Master Kumarashi.

This just fulfilled his previous vow and left us endless meditation and memory! (Text: Xiu'e)

阿弥陀佛。感恩鸠摩罗什大师为人类佛教事业做出的无私奉献。

----- 诸葛长青

   阿弥陀佛。

   佛教经典的流传，离不开翻译佛经的译经师。

   我国历史上，东晋时候的鸠摩罗什大师是其中一位杰出的译经师。

   鸠摩罗什大师被称为七佛译经师。

   为何这样说？

   宣化上人讲解说:鸠摩罗什法师是过去七佛的译经师，过去七佛都是由他来翻译经典，所以他具备无量智慧。他这种聪明智慧，一般的人都比不了他;他真是一个善知识。正是有了他的无私奉献，我们才会看到无量佛经智慧。

    诸葛长青：当我们拜读佛经，会发现《佛说阿弥陀经》、《法华经》、《金刚经》等很多佛经都是由鸠摩罗什大师翻译的。阿弥陀佛。

   抚今追昔，我们感恩鸠摩罗什大师的奉献。

      鸠摩罗什法师，他这个名字有什么意思呢?

   “鸠摩罗什”是梵语，翻译成中文就叫“童寿”，童是童子，就是小孩子;寿就是长命、长寿，在这儿就当“老年人”讲，言其童年而有耆德，就是有老人之德，有老人这个德行（诸葛长青：基本意思是赞叹鸠摩罗什大师，自幼就具备神奇智慧，属于“年幼的身体、老者的智慧”）。就是说，鸠摩罗什虽然是个小孩子，年纪不大，但智慧非常大，辩才大，道德也大，有长者的风度，有长者的德行，有长者的思想，所以叫童寿;不是他的寿命长，而是他有长者的德行。

   诸葛长青与有缘者分享善知识岫峨整理的鸠摩罗什大师的资料。

   鸠摩罗什（西元344—413年），梵语Kumarajiva，出生古代西域的龟兹国，又译鸠摩罗什婆﹑鸠摩罗耆婆，略作罗什，意译童寿。是东晋时后秦的一位高僧，译经家。后秦姚兴弘始十一年八月二十日，即东晋安帝义熙五年（西元409年），鸠摩罗什在长安圆寂，在逍遥园火化。   

   鸠摩罗什(西元 344 --- 413 年)，龟兹国人(新疆疏勒)，自幼聪敏，七岁跟随母亲一同出家，曾游学天竺诸国，遍访名师大德，深究妙义。他年少精进，又博闻强记，于是备受瞩目和赞叹。他在东晋时，来到我国，从事译经，成为我国一大译经家。由于译文非常简洁晓畅，妙义自然诠显无碍，所以深受众人的喜爱，而广为流传，对于佛教的发展，有很大贡献。

　　◎ 龟兹国智慧之子 ◎

　　鸠摩罗什的父亲鸠摩炎，天竺人，家世显赫，世代为相，其父鸠摩达多，倜傥不群，驰名遐迩。鸠摩炎天赋异禀且有高节，本应嗣继相位，然而他不但推辞不就，而且毅然出家。随后东度葱岭到龟兹国，龟兹王非常敬慕他的高德，便亲自到郊外迎接，并延请为国师。

　　鸠摩罗什的母亲，是龟兹王的妹妹，聪敏才高，能过目不忘且解悟其中妙义。其身体有红痣，依命相之法来说，正是必生贵子的特征。已届双十年华，虽有各国显贵竞相提亲，但她却不肯答应。等到一见鸠摩炎，十分倾心，决意嫁他。

　　当鸠摩罗什的母亲怀孕时，不论记忆或理解，都倍增于从前，甚至能无师自通天竺语，众人都感到非常的讶异。有位阿罗汉达摩瞿沙说：“这种现象，必定是怀有智慧的孩子。舍利弗在母胎时，其母智慧倍常，正是前例。”等到鸠摩罗什出生时，其母便顿时忘却天竺语。

　　不久，鸠摩罗什的母亲想要出家，但丈夫不允许，后来又生下一个男孩，名叫弗沙提婆。当她出城游览，看到荒冢间枯骨散乱各处，于是深深思惟色身是苦本，就立誓要出家修行。但是丈夫鸠摩炎坚持不答应，于是她绝食抗议，经过六天，气力衰竭，命若悬丝。她的丈夫，只好忍痛答应。然而她在尚未落发前，坚决不吃任何食物，于是即刻命人剃除头发，方才进食。隔天，正式受戒，进而修习禅法，专精不懈，终于证得须陀洹。

　　当时，鸠摩罗什年方七岁，也跟随母亲一同出家。鸠摩罗什依从老师学经，每天背诵千偈，一偈有三十二字，总共三万二千言，如此背诵完《阿毗昙经》，老师为鸠摩罗什解释经义，没想到鸠摩罗什早已自己通晓妙谛，不须逐句指导。诸葛长青：父母的学佛经历，给鸠摩罗什以良好的氛围。

     宣化上人讲解说：鸠摩罗什出家之后，就学习小乘的教法;他拜一个师父，谁呢?他师父叫盘陀达多，又叫盘陀蒲达多。每一天，鸠摩罗什法师读诵一千首偈颂;每一首偈颂有三十六个字，这一千首偈颂就有三万六千个字这么多，你看!他一天可以就背诵出;《法华经》那是六万余言，一部《法华经》他只需要两天的时间就可以背得出。他读过一遍，就记得了，永远不会忘;不像我们人念一次、两次、三次、五次，念了一个多月，两个多月，三个多月，还背诵不出来，还要拿着本子来念。有的不拿本子念的，也念得很多错。鸠摩罗什法师是过目不忘，念一遍就记住了。
   啊!鸠摩罗什法师以七岁的年龄，一天就背诵三万六千个字;你想一想!这种的聪明智慧，和我们每一个人来比较，如何?你说我们若和鸠摩罗什法师比较，那应该怎么样比法呢?
    鸠摩罗什法师一天学三万六千字，很快就把佛所说的小乘经典都学完了。学完了，他又学世间所有的医术──医、卜、星、相，所有的这种知识，他都学。医，就是关于医药、医学的书;卜，就是算卦的;星，就是利用出生的星座方位，给人家看看命运如何?你这一生怎么样啊?相，就是相面，看看你的面貌，哪一部份是出贵?哪一个地方是不出贵?富贵的人相貌怎么样?贫贱的人相貌又怎么样?这叫看相。这医卜星相，所有的世间文字，鸠摩罗什法师都学尽了。

　　◎ 参学弘化菩萨心 ◎

　　由于鸠摩罗什的母亲是龟兹王的妹妹，因此全国人民都特别供养他们母子。鸠摩罗什的母亲深怕丰厚的利养，影响修行的道业，所以带着儿子走避他国。此时，鸠摩罗什的年纪才九岁，他随着母亲渡过辛头河到罽宾国，遇见了名德法师槃头达多(即罽宾王的堂弟)，鸠摩罗什依止他学《中阿含经》、《长阿含经》，共四百万言。槃头达多每每称赞鸠摩罗什的神慧俊才，罽宾国王听到了赞誉，即延请鸠摩罗什进宫，同时召集许多外道论师一同问难鸠摩罗什，结果外道全被折服。因此，罽宾国王更加敬重鸠摩罗什，并以上宾之礼供养他。

　　当鸠摩罗什十二岁时，母亲又携带他返回龟兹国。鸠摩罗什的高名远播，有许多国家争相延聘他，但鸠摩罗什都丝毫不动心。当时，罗什的母亲带领着他到月氏北山，有一位阿罗汉见到鸠摩罗什，非常惊异地告诉罗什的母亲：“应当常守护这位小沙弥，假如他能到三十五岁而不破戒，那么将会大兴佛法，度无数众生。”

　　不久，他们母子到达沙勒国，小小年纪的鸠摩罗什，竟然轻而易举地把佛鼎放在头顶上。此刻，他心中暗自忖道：“佛鼎的形体非常大，为什么这么轻呢？”才有这种念头，马上感到佛鼎的重量太大，力气不够，不觉失手，佛鼎立即掉下来。他的母亲问什么缘故，他回答：“孩儿的心有分别执着，所以佛鼎有轻重的差别。”

　　鸠摩罗什跟随着母亲，在各地参学和弘化，不仅在佛法方面更上层楼，而且名满天下。

　　龟兹王还亲自前往温宿国，迎请鸠摩罗什母子回国教化。龟兹国原属小乘的教法，鸠摩罗什广开大乘法筵，听闻者莫不欢喜赞叹，大感相逢恨晚。此时，鸠摩罗什正值二十岁，于是在王宫受戒，从卑摩罗叉学《十诵律》。

　　不久，鸠摩罗什的母亲决心到天竺修行。她辞别龟兹王说：“你的国运不久就会衰微了。”她只身前往天竺，勇猛精进，证得阿那含。

　　当她要天竺时，曾经对鸠摩罗什说：“大乘方等甚深的教法，要传扬到东土(中国)，全得仰赖你的力量。但是这件宏伟的事，对你而言，却没有丝毫的利益，要怎么办呢？”

　　鸠摩罗什回答说：“大乘菩萨之道，要利益别人而忘却自己。假如我能够使佛陀的教化流传，使迷蒙的众生醒悟，虽然我会受到火炉汤镬的苦楚，我也没有丝毫的怨恨。”诸葛长青：学佛法要走大乘佛法之路，自度度人。这样才符合佛菩萨的慈悲心。

　　◎ 大乘小乘互为师 ◎

　　鸠摩罗什继续留在龟兹国，不久，在佛寺的旧厢房发现《放光经》。他展开经卷读诵，突然只见空白的木牒，他知道是魔暗中作怪，而诵经的决心更加坚固。于是魔力失效，经文的字迹立即浮现，他便诵读学习《放光经》。

　　但是忽然听到空中传来：“你是有智慧的人，怎么需要读《放光经》呢？”

　　鸠摩罗什说：“你是小魔，应该迅速离去！我的心意，如同大地，不可丝毫被转动。”

　　鸠摩罗什在龟兹国，读诵许多大乘的经论，两年的光阴，已能通达大乘教法的奥秘。

　　龟兹王为鸠摩罗什建造金师子座，上面铺着锦绣坐褥，恭请鸠摩罗什升座说法。但鸠摩罗什说：“我在罽宾国的师父尚未体悟大乘的妙义，我想要亲自前往为他解说，所以我不能久留此地。”

　　不久，鸠摩罗什的师父盘头达多，不远千里来到龟兹国。

　　龟兹王问盘头达多：“您为何从遥远的地方光临本国？”

　　盘头达多说：“一来听说我的弟子鸠摩罗什有非凡的体悟，二来听说大王极力弘扬佛法，所以冒着跋涉山川的艰辛，专程赶来贵国。”

　　鸠摩罗什听到师父光临的消息，非常地喜税，终于能够实现原先的愿望。

　　鸠摩罗什先为师父讲说《德女问经》，因为从前师徒二人都不相信该经的因缘、空、假的道理。所以，先阐扬本经，为破迷启悟。

　　盘头达多问鸠摩罗什：“你崇尚大乘的经典，是否曾见到什么妙义？”

　　鸠摩罗什回答：“大乘的道理比较深奥，阐明我空、法空的真正空义；小乘偏于局部的真理，有许多缺失。”

　　盘头达多说：“你认为一切法皆空，非常可怕啊！那有舍离‘有法’而爱好‘空义’的呢？从前有一个狂妄的人，命令织匠造出最细的棉丝，那位织匠别出心裁，特意织出像微尘般的细丝。狂人还嫌太粗，织匠勃然大怒，便指着空中说：‘这是最细的棉丝！’狂人疑惑地问：‘为什么我看不见呢？’织匠说：‘这棉丝，非常细致，就像我这么优秀的织匠也看不见，何况是别人呢？’狂人听后喜悦万分，便付钱给织匠。现在你所说的空法，就像那则故事一样。”

　　鸠摩罗什苦口婆心，连类比喻而娓娓道叙大乘妙义，师徒之间往来辩论一个多月，终于说服了盘头达多。诸葛长青：阿弥陀佛。师徒相互研讨，互为师徒，令人赞叹不已。

　　盘头达多赞叹着说：“师父未能通达，徒弟反而启发师父的心志，这话在今天得到证实。”

　　盘头达多便向鸠摩罗什顶礼，说：“和尚是我大乘的师父，我是和尚小乘的师父。”

　　大乘小乘互为师徒，传为佳话！

　　◎ 苻坚慕德征西域 ◎

　　鸠摩罗什的神思俊才，传遍整个西域，人人钦服，每年举行讲经说法，西域诸王都云集闻法，并长跪在鸠摩罗什的法座旁边，让鸠摩罗什踏着登上法座。

　　鸠摩罗什的名声不仅远播西域，也东传至我国。前秦苻坚久仰大名，心中早已有迎请的想法。

　　苻坚建元十三年(西元376年)，太史上奏：“在外国边野，出现一颗闪亮的明星，未来应当有一位大德智人，将来到我国。”

　　苻坚说：“我听说西域有位鸠摩罗什，襄阳有释道安。那位外国的大德智人，一定是鸠摩罗什吧！”

　　鄯善国前部王和龟兹王弟，曾一同前来朝礼苻坚，说西域有丰富的珍珠宝贝，应派兵讨伐。前秦苻坚建元十七年二月(西元380年)，鄯善王等人又奏请讨伐西域。于是次年九月，苻坚派遣骁骑将军吕光、陵江将军姜飞，偕同鄯善王、车师王等，率领七万大军，讨伐龟兹及乌耆诸国。

　　临行之前，苻坚在建章宫举行饯别宴，对吕光说：“帝王顺应天道而治国，爱民如子，那有贪取国土而征伐的道理呢？只因为怀念远方的大德智人罢了！我听说西域有一位鸠摩罗什大师，他深解佛法，擅长阴阳之理，是后学的宗师。我非常想念他。贤哲的人，是国家的大宝，如果你战胜龟兹国，要赶快护送他返国。”

　　吕光的军队刚出发，鸠摩罗什告诉龟兹王白纯：“龟兹国运衰微了，将有强敌从东方攻来，你应该恭敬迎接，不要派兵反抗。”但是龟兹王不听劝告，率军奋力抵抗，结果被打得落花流水，龟兹王白纯也遭来杀身之祸。

　　◎ 几经风霜步东土 ◎

　　吕光锐气风发，平复龟兹国后，便另立白纯之弟白震为龟兹国王。吕光掳获鸠摩罗什，看他年纪尚小，不知他智慧的高深，就把他当凡夫俗子来戏弄。吕光强迫鸠摩罗什与龟兹公主成亲，鸠摩罗什苦苦请辞。吕光又命令鸠摩罗什骑猛牛和乘恶马，想看看他从牛背和马背掉落的滑稽相。几番的恶心欺负，鸠摩罗什都胸怀忍辱，丝毫没有怒色。最后，吕光感到惭愧，才停止轻慢的行为。

　　吕光率军返国，中途在山下扎营休息。鸠摩罗什说：“不可以在此地停留，否则全军将士必定狼狈不堪，应该把军队迁往高原上。”

　　吕光不理睬鸠摩罗什的建议，依然故我。当天晚上，果然大雨滂沱，山洪暴发，积水有数丈深，将士死亡有数千人。此时，吕光方才感受到鸠摩罗什的神异。

　　鸠摩罗什又对吕光说：“这凶险死亡的地方，不宜久留，推算时运和定数，你应赶快率兵返国，中途一定可发现福地，适合居住。”

　　吕光听从鸠摩罗什的建议，迅速率军离开。当大军到达凉州(今甘肃省武威县)，传闻苻坚已被姚苌杀害，吕光下令三军缟素服丧，并自立为帝，国号凉(史称后凉)，建元为太安。

　　太安二年(西元 387 年)正月，姑臧的地方刮起大风。鸠摩罗什说：“不吉祥的大风，显示将有叛乱发生，但不必劳师动众，自然能平定！”

　　果然，至吕光龙飞二年，张掖的临松、卢水胡、渠男成、蒙逊等人造反，公推建康太守段业为盟主。

　　吕光即派遣爱妾所生的儿子──秦州刺史太原公吕纂，率领精兵五万前往讨伐。当时人人认为段业等只是乌合之众，而吕纂拥有威声，势必能够平定乱事。吕光也满怀信心去拜访鸠摩罗什。鸠摩罗什说：“我观察此行，并不能获胜回来。”

　　不久，吕纂在合梨被打败。后来，郭馨也起兵作乱，吕纂便率领大军返回，又被郭馨打败，全军覆没，吕纂只得弃甲归国。

　　◎ 五色丝绳见吉凶 ◎

　　吕光非常器重大臣张资，有一次张资卧病在床，吕光十分焦急，延请许多名医来为他疗治，但是医药罔效，突然有一位国外的修行人，名叫罗叉，自称能够令张资病愈。吕光信以为真，赏赐罗叉许多珍宝。

　　鸠摩罗什知道罗叉骗人，就前往告诉张资：“罗叉不能治愈你的病，只有徒劳无功罢了！人的运数虽然隐微不见，但可以某些现象来测知。”

　　鸠摩罗什用五色丝结绳，然后燃烧成灰，再投进水中，说如果灰末浮出水面，又聚合成丝绳的本珍，显示张资的病不能痊愈。刹那间只见绳灰浮聚在水面，又结合成原来丝绳的模样。

　　张资服用几天药剂，便病故了。不久，吕光也死亡。吕光的太子吕绍便继承帝位，但过了几天，吕纂杀害吕绍而自立，建元咸宁。

　　◎ 棋奕对答藏玄机 ◎

　　吕纂咸宁二年，怪事连连。发现一只母猪生下小猪，一身三头。又夜里有飞龙从东厢的井中出现，而爬到大殿前蟠卧，等到天亮时就消失了，吕纂认为这是一种祥瑞，所以称大殿为龙翔殿。不久，又传来有黑龙在九宫门飞跃的消息，于是吕纂又把九宫门改为龙兴门。

　　鸠摩罗什对吕纂说：“近日妖猪出现，是象征怪异的事将发生。潜龙出游，也不是吉祥。龙属于阴类，出入有定时，但是近时常常出现，象征灾害要来临。一定会发生部下篡位的事，你应克己修德来挽回天运。”但是吕纂却不采纳忠告。

　　有一天，吕纂和鸠摩罗什下棋。吕纂吃掉一颗鸠摩罗什的棋子，吕纂说：“杀胡奴头。”鸠摩罗什回答：“不能杀胡奴头，胡奴将杀人头。”鸠摩罗什的话，是有影射的意义，但是吕纂未能醒悟。

　　吕光的弟弟吕保，有一个儿子名叫吕超，吕超的小字叫胡奴，后来果然杀死吕纂，拥立兄长吕隆为帝。当时，大家才恍然大悟鸠摩罗什的预言。

　　◎ 译经事业群英会 ◎

　　姚苌杀死苻坚建立后秦，拥有关中之地，曾虚心请鸠摩罗什莅临，但是吕氏王族，恐怕神奇智慧的鸠摩罗什，一旦为姚苌所用，将会不利吕氏建立的凉国，于是不准鸠摩罗什东行。

　　姚苌死后，太子姚兴继位，又派遣使者到凉国敦请鸠摩罗什，但依然徒劳无功。

　　后秦姚兴弘始三年(西元 401 年)三月，在庙庭的逍遥园，青葱竟然变为香芷，这被公认为祥瑞，象征着大德智人将会到来。同年五月，姚兴派遣陇西硕德，西伐凉国吕隆，吕隆军队溃败，至九月吕隆上表归降，鸠摩罗什才能前往关中，此时，他已五十八岁了。

　　弘始三年十二月二十日，鸠摩罗什抵达长安。姚兴万分喜税，以国师之礼待鸠摩罗什，次年并敦请他到西明阁和逍遥园翻译佛经，又遴选沙门僧契、僧迁、法钦、道流、道恒、道标、僧睿、僧肇等八百余人参加译场。

　　鸠摩罗什译有《中论》、《百论》、《十二门论》、《般若经》、《法华经》、《大智度论》、《维摩经》、《华手经》、《成实论》、《阿弥陀经》、《无量寿经》、《首楞严三昧经》、《十住经》、《坐禅三昧经》、《弥勒成佛经》、《弥勒下生经》、《十诵律》、《十诵戒本》、《菩萨戒本》、佛藏、菩萨藏等等。有关翻译的总数，依《出三藏记集》卷二载，共有三十五部，二九七卷；据《开元录》卷四载，共有七十四部，三八四卷。

　　东汉明帝时，佛法传来中国，历经魏晋诸朝，汉译的经典渐渐增多，但是翻译的作品多不流畅，与原梵本有所差距。

　　鸠摩罗什羁留凉国十七年，对于中土民情非常熟悉，在语言文字上能运用自如，又加上他原本博学多闻，兼具文学素养，因此，在翻译经典上，自然生动而契合妙义，在传译的里程上，缔造了一番空前的盛况。

　　◎ 承先启后大宗师 ◎

　　从鸠摩罗什所翻译的经典而言，可知他致力弘扬的，主要是根据般若经类而建立的龙树一系的大乘中观思想。他所译出的经论，在我国佛教史上，造成巨大的影响。

　　《中论》、《百论》、《十二门论》，后来道生弘扬于南方，经僧朗、僧诠、法朗，至隋代吉藏而集三论宗之大成。因此，鸠摩罗什被尊为三论宗之祖。三论再加上《大智度论》，而成为四论学派。此外，《法华经》，是天台宗的绪端；《成实论》，为成实宗的根本要典；《阿弥陀经》、《十住毗婆沙论》，为净土宗的依据；《弥勒成佛经》，促成弥勒信仰的发展；《坐禅三昧经》，促进菩萨禅的盛行；《梵网经》，使我国能广传大乘戒法；《十诵律》，是研究律学的重要典籍。……鸠摩罗什在佛教史上，承先启后，功不可没。诸葛长青：阿弥陀佛。感恩鸠摩罗什大师。

　　鸠摩罗什非常喜好大乘教法，志在广演阐明妙理，但观察当时我国的情况，不禁叹息说：“我如果下笔作《大乘阿毗昙》，这绝不是迦丹子所能相比的。现在中国，具有深知远识的人很少，恐怕很难获得共鸣。我在此地，好像折断羽冀的飞鸟，将要作什么论著呢！”鸠摩罗什于是凄然作罢！

　　后来，鸠摩罗什只著有《实相论》二卷，以及注解《维摩经》，他的文辞婉约清丽，不待删改而文采斐然。曾与庐山慧远书信答问，后人特将他回答慧远问大乘义十八科三卷，辑为《大乘大义章》。

　　◎ 茶毗后舌不焦烂 ◎

　　姚兴常常异想天开，对鸠摩罗什说：“大师！您聪明超群，悟性卓越，是天下第一。如果您逝世了，法种便断绝，没有人可继承。”于是，姚兴逼迫鸠摩罗什接受十名女子。

　　鸠摩罗什苦不堪言，但为了译经大业，只得忍辱。从此之后，鸠摩罗什不住在佛寺僧房，另外迁往他处。每逢升座讲说经义，时常语重心长地说：“譬如臭泥中生长莲花，只须采撷莲花，不必沾取臭泥啊！”

　　有人对于鸠摩罗什生起轻慢心，也妄想仿效。鸠摩罗什便集合大众，来到盛满铁针的钵前，他面色凝然说：“如果各位能学我将这一钵的针吞下，就可公学我的行为。否则，希望大家各自安心办道，谨守戒律，切莫再滋生妄想！”说完话，立刻把那满钵的铁针吞下，宛如吃饭般轻松。大众看见这稀有的示现，都目瞪口呆，感到非常地惭愧。

　　鸠摩罗什在龟兹国，曾从卑摩罗叉律师学习。当卑摩罗叉入关中，鸠摩罗什非常欣悦，特地前往礼拜。卑摩罗叉不知鸠摩罗什被逼迫之事，就问：“你在汉地有殊胜的因缘，受法的弟子有多少人？”鸠摩罗什回答：“汉地的经律尚不完备，新经和诸论，大部分是由我传译，有三千徒众跟随我学法。但是，我……业障深重，没有依照师父的教诲！”

　　有一位杯渡比丘，在彭城随缘度众，听说鸠摩罗什在长安，竟喟然叹息：“我与他戏别三百余年，未能相逢，恐怕要等到来生再聚。”

　　鸠摩罗什心知世寿已尽，但还希望继续译经弘法，当他稍觉得身体四大不调，便为自己持咒三遍，又请外国的弟子共同诵念，然而回天乏术。圆寂之前，鸠摩罗什向僧众告别说：“我们因佛法相逢，然而我尚未尽到此心，却将要离去，悲伤岂可言喻！我自认为愚昧，忝为佛经传译，共译出经三百余卷，只有《十诵律》一部尚未审定，如果能保存本旨，一定没有错误。我希望所有翻译的经典，能够流传于后世，而发扬光大。如今我在大众面前，发诚实誓愿──如果我所传译的经典没有错误，愿我的身体火化之后，舌头不会焦烂。”

　　后秦姚兴弘始十一年八月二十日，即东晋安帝义熙五年(西元 409 年)，鸠摩罗什在长安圆寂，于是在逍遥园火化。当飞灰烟灭时，他的形骸已粉碎，只有舌头依然如生。诸葛长青：阿弥陀佛。感恩鸠摩罗什大师。

    这正应验了他从前的誓愿，留给我们无尽的沉思和缅怀！(文：岫峨)

(This article is an original article by Zhuge Changqing, and the pictures are selected from the Internet. Welcome to forward it, and please indicate the source for forwarding)

Introduction to Zhuge Changqing: Zhuge Changqing, the inheritor and promoter of traditional Chinese culture, is willing to "learn from sages, promote virtue, revitalize China and benefit the world" together with people with the same ideals in the world.

(Zhuge Changqing: zhuge8031@163.com ）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

Zhuge Changqing's Chinese Dream

Learn from sages and carry forward virtue

Revitalizing China for the benefit of the world

 （本文是诸葛长青原创文章，图片选自网络。欢迎转发，转发引用请注明出处）

诸葛长青简介：诸葛长青，中国国学传统文化传承弘扬者，愿与天下志同道合者一起“学习圣贤、弘扬善德、振兴中华、造福世界”。

（诸葛长青：zhuge8031@163.com）

Zhuge Changqing mailbox：

zhuge8031@163.com

  诸葛长青中国梦  

学习圣贤 弘扬善德

振兴中华 造福世界

Selected Articles in Previous Periods

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往期精选文章

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1The wisdom of traditional Chinese culture changes the destiny: filial piety to parents+five in one+self-improvement

1 国学智慧改命运：孝敬父母+五合一+自强不息

2Zhuge Changqing's Three Golden Keys to Changing Destiny

2诸葛长青改命运三把金钥匙诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

3Zhuge Changqing's Greeting Ritual (15 Steps Concise Version)

3 诸葛长青施食仪轨 （十五步简洁版）

4How to repent: the ritual of repentance and the method of repentance (full version)

4   如何忏悔：忏悔仪轨忏悔方法（完整版）

5How to read the Dizang Sutra: Methods for reciting Dizang Sutra (complete version)

5 如何念地藏经：念地藏经仪轨方法（完整版）

6How to release? The ritual of releasing life

6怎样放生？放生仪轨

7Zhuge Changqing's Repentance Culture: A Case Study of Repentance Methods for Changing Destiny

7诸葛长青忏悔文化：改变命运忏悔方法案例

8Free Life Culture: Free Life Culture in Ancient China

8放生文化：中国古代的放生文化

9Shocking photo of feeding: Buddha, Bodhisattva and Dharma Protector come to the scene

9施食震撼照片：佛菩萨护法神亲临现场

10Feeding Rite Return: the return is changed to simple return

10施食仪轨回向：回向修改为简洁回向